25. ¿Qué hora es?
1. 5:30 pm 4. 12:00 am
2. 6:15 am 5. 9:45 am
3. 8:40 pm 6. 1:25 pm
26. Las Respuestas…
Son las doce de
Son las cinco y
1. media de la tarde. 4. la mañana.
(Es medianoche)
Son las seis y Son las diez menos
2. cuarto de la mañana. 5. cuarto de la mañana.
Es la una y
Son las nueve menos
3. veinte de la noche. 6. veinticinco de la
tarde.
27. How to tell the date:
December 28th Es el 28 de diciembre
May 5th Es el 5 de mayo
28. Infinitives
• The most basic form of a
verb is called the
INFINITIVE.
• In English, you can spot
infinitives because they
always have the word
“TO” in front of them:
• to swim, to read, to write
29. Infinitives
• Infinitives in Spanish, though, don’t
have a separate word like “to” in front
of them.
• Spanish infinitives are only one word,
and always end in -ar, -er, or -ir:
• Nadar
• Leer
• Escribir
30. Negatives
• To make a sentence negative
in Spanish, you usually put
“no” in front of the verb or
expression.
• In English you usually use the
word “not.”
• No me gusta cantar.
• I do not like to sing.
31. Negatives
• To answer a question
negatively, in Spanish you
often use “no” twice.
• The first “no” answers the
question.
• The second “no” says,
I do not … (don’t).”
32. Negatives
• In Spanish, you might use
one or more negatives after
answering “no.”
• ¿Te gusta cantar?
• Do you like to sing?
• No, no me gusta nada.
• No, I don’t like it at all.
33. Negatives
• If you want to say that you do not
like either of two choices, use ni…
ni:
• No me gusta ni nadar ni dibujar.
• I don’t like either swimming or
drawing.
• I like neither swimming nor
drawing.
34. Agreement or
Disagreement
• To agree with what a
person likes, you use
“a mí también.”
• It’s like saying “me
too” in English.
35. Agreement or
Disagreement
• Me gusta pasar
tiempo con amigos.
• I like to spend time with
friends.
• A mí también.
• Me too.
36. Agreement or
Disagreement
• If somewone tells you that he
or she dislikes something,
you can agree by saying “a mí
tampoco.”
• It’s like saying “me neither or
“neither do I” in English.
37. Agreement or
Disagreement
• No me gusta nada
cantar.
• I don’t like to sing at
all.
• A mí tampoco.
• Me neither.
38. Adjectives
• Words that describe people and
things are called adjectives
(adjetivos).
• In Spanish, most adjectives have
both masculine and feminine
forms.
• The masculine form usually ends
in the letter -o and the feminine
form usually ends in the letter -a.
39. Adjectives
• Masculine adjectives are
used to describe masculine
nouns.
• Marcos es ordenado y
simpatico.
• Marcos is organized and nice.
40. Adjectives
• Feminine adjectives are
used to describe feminine
nouns.
• Marta es ordenada y
simpática.
• Marta is organized and nice.
44. Adjectives
• When an adjective
ends in -or, an -a is
added to describe a
feminine noun.
• Juan es trabajador.
• Luz es trabajadora
45. Adjectives
• Some adjectives that end
in -a, such as deportista,
describe both masculine
and feminine nouns.
• You will need to learn
which adjectives follow this
pattern.
46. Adjectives
• Tomás es deportista.
• Tomás is sports-minded.
• Marta es deportista
también.
• Marta is also sports-minded.
47. Definite Articles
• El , La , Los and Las are
called definite articles.
• In English they mean
“the”
48. Definite Articles
• We use El and Los with
masculine nouns and La
and Las with feminine
nouns.
49. Indefinite Articles
• Un, Una,
• Unos, and Unas are
indefinite articles.
• Un and Una mean “a or an” in English.
• Unos and Unas mean “some” in English.
50. Placement of Adjectives
• In Spanish, adjectives usually
come after the noun they
describe.
• Margarita es una chica
artistica. noun
adjective
51. Placement of Adjectives
• In English sentences the adjective comes before
the noun, but in Spanish adjectives mostly come
after the noun.
• Memorize this pattern
Subject + Verb + Noun + Adjective
• Margarita es una chica muy artistica.
• Pablo es un estudiante inteligente.
• La Sra. Ortiz es una profesora muy buena
52. Placement of Adjectives
Subject + Verb + Noun + Adjective
• Margarita es una chica muy
artistica.
• Pablo es un estudiante
inteligente.
• La Sra. Ortiz es una profesora
53. Subject Pronouns
• The subject of a sentence tells who
is doing the action.
• You often use people’s names as
the subject:
• Gregorio escucha música.
• Ana canta y baila.
54. Subject Pronouns
(Singular)
• Yo •I
• Tú • You
• Usted (informal)
(Ud.) • You (formal)
• Él • He
• Ella • She
55. Subject Pronouns (Plural)
• Nosotros • We (males/mixed)
• Nosotras • We (females)
• Ustedes (Uds.) • You All (formal)
• Ellos • They
• Ellas (males/mixed)
• They (females)
56. Subject Pronouns
• Tú, usted, ustedes, and vosotros(as) all mean
“you.”
• Use tú with family, friends, people your
age or younger, and anyone you call by
his or her first name.
• Use usted with adults you address with a
title, such as señor, señora, profesor(a), etc.
Usted is usually written as Ud.
57. Subject Pronouns
• Alejandro y yo =
nosotros
• Carlos y ella = ellos
• Pepe y tú = ustedes
• Lola y ella = ellas
58. •
VERBSaction in a
A verb usually names the
sentence.
• We call the verb that ends in -r the
INFINITIVE
• The INFINITIVE is the form you
would find in a Spanish dictionary.
• In English it means
• “to + (verb)”
59. These are some INFINITIVES
you already know:
• Enseñar Esquiar
• Estudiar Jugar
• Hablar Montar
• Bailar Nadar
• Cantar Pasar tiempo
• Dibujar Patinar
• Escuchar And several
more!
60. IN SPANISH:
• To change an INFINITIVE to
a form that tells who is doing
the action, remove the -ar
and add the appropriate
ending.
• This action is called
CONJUGATION
62. ESTUDIAR (Spanish)
Yo estudio Nosotros estudiamos
Nosotras
Tú estudias
Uds.
Ud. Ellos estudian
Él estudia Ellas
Ella
63. TOCAR
Yo toco Nosotros
tocamos
Tú tocas Nosotras
Ud.
Él toca Uds.
Ella Ellos tocan
Ellas
64. Enseñar
Yo enseño Nosotros
enseñamos
Tú enseñas
Ud.
Él enseña Uds.
Ella Ellos enseñan
Ellas
65. NOUNS
• In Spanish, nouns have gender. They are
either masculine or feminine.
• Most nouns that end in -o are masculine.
• Most nouns that end in -a are feminine.
• For example:
el libro
la calculadora
• An exception: el día
66. Other Spanish Nouns
• Other Spanish nouns end in -e or a
consonant.
• For example:
el cine el marcador
la clase la televisión
Some can be both masculine and feminine:
el/la estudiante
67. Making Nouns Plural
• To make nouns plural you usually add
-s to words ending in a vowel and -es to
words ending in a consonant.
• silla sillas
• teclado teclados
• cartel carteles
68. Making Nouns Plural
• Singular nouns that end in z change the
z to c in the plural.
• El lápiz los lápices
69. Definite Articles
• El , La , Los and Las are
called definite articles.
• In English they mean
“the”
70. Definite Articles
• We use El and Los with
masculine nouns and La
and Las with feminine
nouns.
71. Indefinite Articles
• Un, Una, Unos, and Unas are indefinite
articles.
• Un and Una mean
“a or an” in English.
Unos and Unas mean “some” in English.
Un and Unos are masculine and Una and Unas
are feminine.
72. The Verb Estar
• Estar is an IRREGULAR
verb.
• It means “to be” in English.
73. The Verb ESTAR
• It does NOT follow
the pattern of
REGULAR
-AR VERBS.
74. The Verb ESTAR
• In writing, be sure to use
the accent mark on all
forms except the “yo” and
“nosotros” forms.
75. TO BE (In English)
I am We are
You are
He They are
She is
It
76. ESTAR
Yo estoy Nosotros
estamos
Tú estás
Uds.
Ud. Ellos están
Él está Ellas
Ella
77. USE OF ESTAR
• Estar is used to tell “location” of a
person or a thing.
•
• For example:
El libro está en la mesa.
The book is on the table.
Maria y Carlos están en clase.
Maria and Carlos are in class.
78. USE OF ESTAR
Estar is also used to tell the condition of
something or someone.
For example:
Maria está enferma.
Maria is sick.
Elisa y tú están ocupados.
Elisa and you are busy .
