State Of The Market Mission Critical Facilities

Analysis of the Market for
Mission Critical Facilities
(Focus on Data Centers)
Conducted for
Jacobs Global Buildings North America
April – July, 2008
This summary represents a synthesis of online reports, presentations, articles, survey research,
white papers, interviews and Webinars from dozens of industry experts, groups, associations,
market analysts, media, service providers and government agencies and programs. Specific
sources are cited throughout the report and summarized in Appendix A

Table of Contents
Executive Summary i
Recommendations iii
Current Situation
Market Size / Scope 2
Demand Drivers / Challenges 3
Breakdown of Data Center Costs 4
Breakdown of Data Center Energy Costs 5
Impacts of Efficiency Improvements 8
Energy Usage Growth Predictions 9
How the Industry is Responding 10
Consolidation
Facilities 11
Systems (virtualization) 12
Evolving Data Center Designs 15
New Tools / Technology 16
Containers 18
Subterranean Facilities 19
Floating Data Centers 20
Locating to Secondary Markets 21
Colocation / Outsourcing 25
DOE / EPA Energy Management Programs / Initiatives
DOE / EPA Organizational Context 29
Goals 31
Take-up of Green Initiatives 33
Barriers to Change 34

Table of Contents
National Data Center Energy Efficiency Information Program 35
Metrics & Benchmarking 36
Database of State Incentives 39
Convergence of Facilities & IT 40
Appendix A (Information Sources) 41
Appendix B (Overall IT Spending) 44
Appendix C (Infrastructure Characteristics by Space Type – EPA) 45
Appendix D (Vendor Container Products) 46
Appendix E Reference Materials (see separate attachment)
Appendix F Snapshot of Providers & Scope of Services (see separate attachment)
Appendix G More Detailed Snapshot of Providers and Services (separate attachment)

Executive Summary
• Many of today’s data centers have reached their limits on capacity, efficiency and ability to support power and cooling needs.
While IT spending is tightening, companies are making major investments in IT infrastructure:
- “More than 70% of the world’s Global 1,000 organizations will be unable to host next generation, high density
equipment.” Source: Gartner Oct. 2007 Trendwatch
- 70% of AFCOM’s 3000 member organizations intend to move, build or expand their facilities within the next 5 to 10
years
• Rapid advances in technology, unprecedented growth of digital data and the need to control costs -especially for power and
cooling- are creating a paradigm shift in the way data centers are designed, operated and managed. Organizations that do not adapt
may risk their ability to survive
• While two years ago, energy efficiency was low on the list of data center managers’ concerns, “power and cooling” is now the
number 1 issue – going green is not a choice, but an economic imperative.
- As directed by law, the DOE and EPA are directed to guide how data centers are operated and designed
- The agencies have initiated a joint National Data Center Energy Efficiency Information Program to coordinate a number
of activities around metrics and benchmarking, tools and training, certification of experts, equipment performance specifications,
recognizing best-in-class data centers
- One of the program’s first endeavors is a Data Collection Initiative to Develop and Energy Star Rating for Data Centers.
To date, over 215 data centers from more than 60 organizations have signed up to participate in the data collection process
including JCPenney Co., ADP, Inc., Digital Realty Trust, Inc. UPS, The Green Grid and Data Center Operations Council.
• The landscape of products, services and solution providers is more diverse, complex and fragmented than ever. Distinctions
between technology, hardware, software, architecture, engineering and outsourcing and facilities providers are blurring.
• Consequently, users have a wider range of options for meeting increased demand and improving efficiency.
- States are offering economic incentives for companies and service providers to move to secondary locations including
Utah, Alabama, Ohio, Indiana, Nebraska, Iowa, Virginia and Texas. In fact, the Invest in Iceland Agency recently cited a
PricewaterhouseCoopers Belgium study that describes Iceland as an attractive option for the growing data center market
- A number of utilities are also offering economic incentives for data centers specifically
- Data center containers, floating and subterranean facilities are options, which deliver benefits including flexibility, lower
- i -

Executive Summary
cost, security and energy advantages
- The number of collocation / outsourcing providers is growing as is the demand; not just for space and infrastructure,
but for technology, applications, talent and a wide range of managed services
• According to experts, next generation data centers will take advantage of modular, repeatable design, scalable capacity
planning, predictable operations and increased use of specialized data center services. Data centers are becoming more organic and
hence, flexibility is the name of the game.
• The roles of IT managers and facilities managers, though typically separate and distinct, will need to become integrated. Most
data center managers don’t see the utility bill – often, the data center’s utility usage isn’t broken out at all
• Cloud computing will continue to gain momentum. More capabilities and services will move to the network
- ii -

Recommendations
• Consider the whole range of issues and options in today’s mission critical facility marketplace
• In particular, engage the Energy and Power group - determine opportunities to leverage energy-specific expertise and to
collaborate
• Have discussions with all Jacobs Building NA market leaders about opportunities for their clients
• Review the “Snapshot of Providers & Scope of Services” (Appendix F) to get a broad brush view of the current competitive
landscape and to identify potential alliances / teaming partners
• Assess our client’s situation
- Fact gathering to understand their unique situation. Use this report as a basis for discussion to confirm our
understanding of the marketplace and where they are along the “Belief to Action” continuum.
- Understand their level of awareness, attitudes and usage of specific providers; and specifically how Jacobs ranks
• Be prepared to educate clients about EPA initiatives and help them sort through, assess and leverage the best mix of
alternatives for them (regardless of whether EPA initiatives stick in the long-run, we should understand them to convey marketplace
leadership)
• Define potential scenarios, corresponding value propositions/offerings and points of competitive differentiation to test with
clients
- Energy assessment?
- IT/Facilities integration?
- 2-year capacity program?
• Ensure that a robust mix of facilities and technical expertise is integrated in our offerings – perhaps create an interim CIFO
(Chief Information Facilities Officer) role.
• Become recognized as a leader in the marketplace by
- iii -

- Actively participate in select groups and initiatives, such as Kevin Dickens role on the Mission Critical’s editorial board
- Leverage opportunities, such as the one offered by Deal Architect Inc., to submit points of view, information and
insights a
• Understand the status of our own mission critical data center facilities and the plans we have for our own organization
- iv -

Data center design is one of the most complex
and important undertakings for any company.
Ten years ago, the process was about finding a
room with enough power and air conditioning.
Today, data center pros are expected to have
expertise in computing, networking, electrical and
mechanical engineering, thermodynamics and
disaster mitigation -- the list could go on.
Source: 08 Feb 2007 | www.SearchDataCenter.com
Page 1 of 49

CURRENT SITUATION
"Despite the challenging market conditions, companies are making major investments in IT infrastructure,
reflecting the critical nature of these assets to today’s corporations,” says Michael F. Foust, CEO of Digital
Realty Trust.
2007 was "The Year of
the Data Center,"
becoming the focal point for
fundamental changes in
computing, involving massive
shifts toward cloud computing
platforms and a more energy-
efficient, virtualized
infrastructure. As predicted,
these trends continue to drive
infrastructure investment,
both in the form of huge data
centers and massive
spending on hardware and
software to save money and
Market Size / Scope
Gartner
Trendwatch, Oct. 2007
More than 70% of the world’s Global 1,000 organizations will be unable to
host next generation, high-density equipment
In 5 years, power requirements will outpace current requirements and
CIOs will have to refurbish, build or seek alternatives, such as hosting
Tom Rosato
CEO Fortress Int’l
Market for MCFs in the U.S. is about a $51B and is expected to reach
$100B by 2010 or 2011
John Slve,
Input analyst
Computerworld 2-08
Government spending on outsourcing application mgnt and services,
including data centers, will grow from $6B to $8B in 5 years (Total Govn’t
IT spending is about $70 billion)
Len Eckhaus
AFCOM founder
70% of AFCOM’s 3000 member organizations say they are moving, building
or expanding their facilities within the next five to 10 years
SearchDataCenter.com
Oct-Nov 2007 survey
80% are building, renovating or expanding their data centers in 2007 or
2008. 20% remain…..
Page 2 of 49

energy as IT operations
expand their scale.
Data Center Knowledge
Digital Realty Trust
Inc. (DRT) May 2007
study
Over the next 24 months, more than 80% of U.S. and European companies
surveyed said they were or had plans to expand their data centers
Refer to Appendix B for a Summary of Overall IT Spending
Factors Driving Data Center Demand Top Data Center Challenges
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• Globalisation (follow-the-sun and for flexibility)
• Broader deployment of applications that
increase demand for enterprise storage such as
− Enterprise software
− Data warehousing
− Data recovery
− Data security operations
• IT displacing traditional distribution channels
• Unprecedented growth of digital data - use of
multimedia and converged communications (bandwidth)
• Ability to transfer data in real-time
• Legal requirements
− Compliance (Sarbanes-Oxley, HIPPA)
− Data retention
− Discovery requests
• Security
− External threats
− Protecting data
Source: IDC INSIGHT “Building, Planning and Operating the Next
Generation Data Center” Michelle Bailey IDC OPINION (n=197)
• IT organizations are under ever increasing pressure to provide 24/7 availability, greater
functionality and higher levels of security at the lowest possible cost. For years, data centers met growing demands by installing
more and more servers, which led to inefficiencies. The problem is that most data center computers run at 15% or less of
capacity, though consuming electricity all the while. Vernon Turner, an analyst for IDC
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• According to a survey conducted by DatacenterDynamics, the key issues identified for 2008,
center on the hub areas of Energy Efficiency together with the convergence, consolidation and automation of facilities and IT
management.
Note that in a survey conducted in 2006, “power and cooling” was cited, but ranked last on the list of top challenges
One Estimated Breakdown of Data Center Costs
Page 5 of 49

Sample
There is a wide variance in estimated breakdowns of data center and energy costs
Page 6 of 49

Typical Data Center Energy End Use
Data Center Server
Load
51%
Other
13%
Data Center CRAC
Units
25%
Office Space
Conditioning
1%Lighting
2%
Electrical Room
Cooling
4%
Cooling Tower
Plant
4%
Source: “High-Performance Data Centers: A Research Roadmap.” Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, March 30, 2004.
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Data center power use consists of information technology loads and
infrastructure loads.
- IT loads include: servers, disk drives, and
network equipment.
- Infrastructure loads: cooling, fans, pumps,
lighting and UPS.
On average about half the energy coming into the data center goes
to the IT equipment, the bulk of the remaining energy goes to
cooling the center (Koomey, 2007)
60 percent of the data center electrical load is used to power IT
equipment, with approximately
- 56 percent of that being used to power
servers,
- 27 percent for storage, and
- 19 percent for network equipment.
October 11, 2007 survey conducted by the Data Center Users’ Group
(DCUG), formed by Emerson Network Power
Page 8 of 49

Breakdown of Data Center Facility Costs Breakdown of Power Costs
Page 9 of 49

9%
7%
2%
82%
Land Core & Shell
Architecture Mechanical / Electrical
Source Mike Manos, Microsoft
10%
50%
12%
25%
3%
Electricity / Transformer / UPS
IT Equipment
Air Movement
Cooling
Lighting
Source: EYP Mission Critical Systems
Page 10 of 49

How Data Centers Use Power Today
34%
33%
18%
9%
1%
3% 1%
1%
IT Equipment
Coolers
UPS
Computer Room Air Condition
Power Distribution Unit
Humidifier
Lighting
Main Switchgear Generator
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Impacts of Virtualization
While virtualization has improved efficiencies, it has pushed power and cooling requirements to the point that data centers built
only a few years ago are unable to support new high-density 1U and Blade Servers. Source 2008 NAAT, Inc.
• The average power consumed by an enclosure in a data center is about 1.7 kW, but the
maximum power that can be obtained by filling a rack with available high density servers, such as blade servers, is over 20
kW.
• Such loads greatly exceed the power and cooling design capabilities of the typical data center,
including many Tier IV centers
• Data center operators have very little experience with enclosures drawing over 10 kW, but
recent trends suggest that many will be confronted with the need to install and provision power and cooling for high density
racks either singly or in groups.
Despite efficiency gains, “an
increasing number of data centers
(many built in the 1980s or 1990s) in
both the private and public sectors are
hitting their limits in terms of space,
power and cooling capacity,” Lowell
Sachs, senior manager of federal
government affairs at Sun
Microsystems.
Page 14 of 49

Many industry leaders also site Jevons’ Paradox, which is the observation that greater energy efficiency, while in the short-
run produce energy savings, may in the long-run result in higher energy use. It was first noted by the British economist W.
Stanley Jevons, in his book The Coal Question published in 1865, where he argued that “it is a confusion of ideas to
suppose that the economical use of fuel is equivalent to diminished consumption. The very contrary is the truth."
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Energy Usage Predictions
ASHRAE
March 1, 2008
• “Estimates show that the total energy usage by data centers approaches 2%
of the U.S. electricity usage - equivalent to about eight 1000-MW power plants,” said Roger Schmidt,
chair of ASHRAE’s technical committee on mission critical facilities, technology spaces and electronic
equipment. “
Gartner predicts data center
power and cooling crisis
June 14 2007
• By next year, about half the world's data centers will be functionally obsolete
due to insufficient power and cooling capacity to meet the demands of high-density equipment.
• In a poll of 125 users at the Gartner data center conference in November,
68% said either power or cooling is their primary data center's greatest facility problem
• In a survey this year of 374 North American data center managers, 43% said
either power or cooling was the factor most limiting data center growth
Yankee Group - Jan 2008
• In 2000, power and cooling was approximately 20% of new server spend.
Today it's slightly over 50% and will be over 80% by 2010 if nothing changes
EPA
EPA Report to Congress
on Server and Data
Center Energy Efficiency
• In ‘06 U.S. data center energy costs were $4.5B. Worldwide costs were over
$26B. According to the latest EPA report, typical data centers are consuming 40-100W per SF
• If current trends continue, this demand would rise to 12 GW by 2011, and
require 10 power plants.
• Among the different types of data centers, more than one-third (38 percent)
of electricity use is attributable to the nation’s largest (i.e., enterprise-class) and most rapidly growing
data centers.
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The Uptime Institute
Rte of computational increase
(Moore’s Law) is greater than
the rate of increase of power
efficiency - 2007
• According to a survey of 311 participants who manage or work within a data
center 41.7 percent indicated that their data center would run out of power capacity in 12-24 months.
• This finding supports previous Uptime Institute research which indicates that
data center energy consumption may make or break enterprise computing profitability in the near future.
More Data in the Data
Center
Tim Phillips, VP Int’l Rectifier
• Cost to operate equipment over its lifetime is now about 3 Xs larger than the
original hardware purchase
“In the Data Center, the cost of Power and Cooling is greater than IT Equipment it Supports,”
C. Belady, Electronics Cooling Magazine (Feb, 2007)
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HOW THE INDUSTRY IS RESPONDING
Capacity
Security
Service
Addressing
Competing Demands
Energy
Spending
Overall Costs
Consolidation • Of both equipment and facilities (higher density computing) being used to improve
efficiency, increase utilization and to meet growing computing demands within constrained budgets
Data Center Design • Containers, modular systems, subterranean facilities
Secondary Markets • Becoming strategic locations for data centers – availability of land, access to
power & tax incentives
Colocation /
Outsourcing
• Demand for skills and capacity along with increasing data center complexity
• Part of a broader desire to reduce capex IT spending and buy more as an opex
service - SaaS, HaaS, PaaS
Energy Initiatives • Higher density also results in higher energy usage and costs, which is counter to
the EPA’s call for data centers to lower energy use -- EPA Report to Congress on Server and Data
Center Energy Efficiency“IT hybrids” • Increased demand for professionals with both business acumen and technical
know-how
Sources Include
- Network World “Security dominates 2008 IT agenda” January 30, 2008
- Deal Architect Inc., founded by Vinnie Mirchandani, former technology industry
analyst (with Gartner), outsourcing exec (with PwC, now part of IBM) and founder of sourcing advisory
firm, Jetstream Group
- Data Center Knowledge “2007 was "The Year of the Data Center"
- SearchDataCenter.com November 2007 “Data center construction is booming”
IDC believes that a true datacenter transformation is taking place and that IT organizations will continue to consolidate the
number of sites and number of supported systems and will increasingly place greater emphasis on energy efficiency. This will
Page 18 of 49

consequently have a great impact on the operations and economics for the datacenter of the future. Source: IDC INSIGHT
“Building, Planning and Operating the Next Generation Data Center” Michelle Bailey IDC OPINION (n=197)
Page 19 of 49

DATA CENTER CONSOLIDATION
Facilities
October 31, 2007
Intel's Data Center Consolidation 133 data centers
worldwide into just eight high-density facilities of about
300K sq. ft. apiece
October 29, 2007
Marines Plan Huge Data Center Consolidation will reduce IT
infrastructure from 300 data centers worldwide to30 facilities.
October 16, 2007
Data Center Consolidation for Defense Unit
The Defense Contract Management Agency (DCMA) recently
reduced its data center network from 18 facilities to just two.
August 22, 2007
State CIOs Keen on Consolidations - National Association of
CIOs 2007 Survey of State Consolidation Strategies
All but 2 of 29 completed or are planning a consolidation project
June 18, 2007
Solar Host AISO.Net Consolidates Servers
AISO.Net has further reduced power and cooling costs with a data
center consolidation using IBM Cool Blue technology
May 14, 2007
Verizon Consolidates to Save on Power data center
consolidation from 10 to 3 and simplification, saving ~. $20 m in
build-out costs
May 09, 2007
Data Center Consolidation for First Data will reduce its U.S.
network from 12 facilities to just three. Expected to take
more than two years and cost approximately $225 million,
according toPayments News.
April 24, 2007
Data Center Consolidation for ABN, Barclays if the deal is
finalized, according to Silicon.com, which says the companies will
seek cost savings of 1.65 billion Euros (about $2.24 billion US) by
2010
May 17, 2006
HP Details Plans to Consolidate 85 data centers worldwide
into six state of the art centers, two each in Atlanta, Houston and
Austin, TX
Others Include:
ADP consolidated from 20 data centers to two
Allstate consolidated from four data centers to two
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Consolidation has moved from a focus on just reducing the number of installed systems to reducing the number of
actual datacenters. IDC estimates there are 7,000 enterprise-class datacenters in the United States but 2.9 million
server rooms and closets. The consolidation we are seeing involves closing smaller sites and moving assets to either
existing or to new and larger enterprise-class datacenters. Source: IDC INSIGHT “Building, Planning and Operating the
Next Generation Data Center” Michelle Bailey IDC Opinion
Page 21 of 49

Systems Consolidation
Virtualization
• A technique for hiding the physical characteristics of computing resources from the way in which other
systems, applications, or end users interact with those resources. Source: AIC Systems, IT strategy consulting, outsourcing, and IT
support firm
• Can make a single physical resource (server, operating system, application, or storage device) appear to
function as multiple logical resources; or make multiple physical resources (such as storage devices or servers) appear as a single
logical resource."
Hardware Virtualization Network and Storage Virtualization
Partitioning the computer's memory into separate and
isolated "virtual machines" simulates multiple machines
within one physical computer. It enables multiple copies of
the same or different operating systems to run in the
computer and prevents apps from interfering with each other.
In a network, virtualization consolidates multiple devices into
a logical view so they can be managed from a single console
(see network virtualization). Virtualization also enables
multiple storage devices to be accessed the same way no
matter what their type or location (see storage
virtualization).
Application Virtualization Security Virtualization (the next frontier)
Computer people love the word "virtualization," and vendors
use the term for virtually anything. Numerous technologies fall
under the umbrella of "application virtualization," some of which
have been around for decades, while others are at the forefront.
See application virtualization.
It is hard to manage static security devices next to a pool of
dynamic virtual servers and the security often gets in the way
of virtualization benefits. Encapsulation and portability of
virtual machines free your virtual servers to move from server
to server. But if the security context can’t follow the servers,
you’re forced to keep them stuck in place.
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Server virtualization enables multiple operating systems to run on a single physical machine. With server virtualization
workloads of underutilized server machines can be consolidated onto a smaller number of fully utilized machines. Source:
Microsoft
Page 23 of 49

Server Virtualization Adoption
Source: IDC server virtualization multiclient study, 2007 n=410
• Virtualization is now
considered a mainstream management tool for
the datacenter
• Move than 40% of he
respondents reported that virtualization is now the
default build for new server hardware unless a
case can be made for standalone, unvirtualized
server hardware
• IDC expects that by
2011, more than 17% of all new servers will be
actively virtualized.
• Customers report
average ratios of virtual machines to physical
machines of 4:1
- Many customers are
reporting 10:1 ratios
- 40:1 ratios common for
leading-edge adopters
• By leveraging mobility
tools that allow movement of virtual servers
across different physical servers, customers are
using virtualization as a means to increase
availability and reduce planned and unplanned
downtime.
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• Using these same
tools, customers are already architecting
solutions that allow the movement of virtual
servers across datacenters, and this is creating a
new paradigm for disaster recovery.
Page 25 of 49

Power Density Increasing by Approximately 15% annually
Refer to Appendix C for EPA Overview of IT Equipment and Site Infrastructure System Characteristics, by Space Type
Page 26 of 49

EVOLVING DATA CENTER DESIGNS
Modular, Scalable, Predictable
Modular, repeatable design Customers will reuse blueprints not only to speed time to deployment but also create a sense of predictability
in the operation of the datacenter
Scalable capacity planning Leading-edge customers are already taking a new approach to long-range planning for datacenter space.
Rather than conditioning 50,000 sq ft or 100,000 sq ft all at once, IT organizations are purchasing or leasing
the entire forecast space but only conditioning what they immediately need
Predictable operations One of the greatest benefits of a building-block approach is improved understanding of how the datacenter
operates which can be leveraged across the globe so that remote offices and datacenters can be managed
by a central team with a specific understanding of the environment. A repeatable design also opens the door
to the creation of "datacenter simulators," to test outages and impacts of changes without altering the
physical production environment
Increased use of specialized
datacenter services
Ultimately, customers will look externally for services that can help them across the entire life cycle of the
datacenter. Design, construction, and consolidation services are already in high demand, and emerging
services such as thermal assessments are gaining traction. Collocation and outsourcing services are also an
option for customers that decide that day-today operations are best served by an external organization.
Source: IDC INSIGHT “Building, Planning and Operating the Next Generation Data Center” Michelle Bailey IDC OPINION
Page 27 of 49

Adoption of New Technology, Tools & Equipment
According to a 2007 industry survey conducted by the Data
Center Users’ Group (DCUG), formed by Emerson Network Power
and completed in coordination with the U.S. EPA and Lawrence
Berkeley National Labs to support the EPA’s recently released
“Report to Congress on Server and Data Center Energy
Efficiency,” the majority of respondents have made operational
improvements to increase energy efficiency.
- 77% have their data center arranged in
a hot aisle/cold aisle configuration
- 65% use blanking panels to minimize
recirculation of hot air
- 56% have sealed the floor to prevent
cooling losses
- 25% have conducted a computational
fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis to identify hotspots and optimize
airflow within the facility
Traditional Raised Floor Cooling In-Rack and In-Row Cooling
• Mainframes only averaged 25-50
watt/ per SF.
• Originally everything was rows facing
the same way -- a relatively efficient cooling method as all cold
air went directly into the equipment cabinets - did not mix with
warm air.
• With rack mounted servers power
levels began to rise to 35-75w/sf and cabinets all facing the
same way become a problem - hot air exited out the back of one
row into the front of the next
• “Hot Aisle – Cold Aisle” began in the
mid-to-late 90’s. CRAC units were still located mainly at the
perimeter of the center, but floor tiles had vents (or were
By 2011, in-rack & in-row cooling will be the predominant cooling
strategy for high-density equipment. Gartner
Non-Raised Floor Cooling
• Some newer cooling systems do not
require a raised floor and have placed the cooling system in
close proximity to the racks. This improves cooling performance
and efficiency.
New Technology - Close Coupled Cooling
• Cooling manufacturers have
developed systems that shorten the distance air has to travel
from racks to the cooling unit.
- Some systems are “in-row” and
others are “overhead”.
Page 28 of 49

perforated) in the cold aisles.
• Once past a certain power level there
are multiple drawbacks, since it takes much more energy to
deliver enough cold air into a single 2’x 2’ perforated tile to
support a 30KW rack.
• Perforated floor tiles have been
replaced by floor “Grates.” Unfortunately 3.5KW per rack has
been exceeded many times over with the advent of the “1U” and
Blade Server.
• Amount of power used to cool high-
density server “farms” has actually exceeded the power used by
the servers themselves.
• In some cases for every $1.00 spent
to power servers, $2.00 or more is spent for cooling.
Blade Server: a server chassis housing multiple thin, modular
electronic circuit boards, known as server blades. Each is a
server in its own right. Blade servers allow more processing
power in less rack space, simplifying cabling and reducing power
consumption. Sometimes referred to as a high-density server -
typically used in a clustering of servers dedicated to a single task
- can also be managed to include load balancing and failover
capabilities. SearchDataCenter.com June 2008
- Each increases ability to cool up to
20KW per rack.
- With right infrastructure should lower
cooling costs.
Liquid Cooled Servers
• Today all servers use air to transfer
heat out of the server.
• Manufacturers are exploring building
or modifying servers to use “fluid based cooling”. This technology
is still in its infancy - only in the testing and development stage.
Because liquids can be a problem if leaked into electronic
systems, this may cause a major hurdle to acceptance. This
is different than using liquid (chilled water or glycol based)
as a heat removal medium for the CRAC
In-Row Cooling has a horizontal airflow pattern designed for hot
aisle/cold aisle configurations. Closely coupling the air
conditioner with the heat source produces a more efficient direct
return air path to the system. 2008 NAAT, Inc.
Page 29 of 49

Subsystem solutions System solutions
Low-voltage processors and power throttling
Semiconductor vendors are now producing low-voltage processors
and processors with power throttling capabilities. These lower
thermal designs are helping reduce the power draw and heat load
on servers. The trade-off for customers comes in a higher price tag.
Power management
Vendors are also offering power management software that enables
customers to cycle off their servers when not in use.
System resources
As server virtualization increases, so does development of, more
richly configured systems - processors, memory, disk, and I/O.
Rack solutions Room solutions
Blanking panels
Fit the empty spaces within a rack and improve air flow – plates are
very inexpensive and are quick to install.
Modular power and cooling infrastructure
Rack-level UPSs, cabinet enclosures, and aisle enclosures offer
additional power and cooling equipment as needed. Modular
cooling equipment (versus large CRAC units) helps stop hot air
from escaping at the source
Network sensors
Wired or wireless sensors can be placed on a rack to monitor and
provide alerts for changes in temperature, humidity, brownouts
/blackouts, HVAC loss, and so forth at the rack level.
Hot/cold aisles
IDC’s 2007 power and cooling trends study revealed that less then
20% of datacenters were using hot and cold aisle configurations,
which underscores the lack of planning that is often seen in
datacenter environments.
Reducing cabling/cleaning out floor plenum
It’s common to find many layers of cabling under the datacenter
floor impeding air flow and cooling. While this can be risky to clean
out, customers in mature datacenters are finding this is an effective
solution for increasing the longevity of the site.
Page 30 of 49

Data Center Containers
Data centers in a box: Really?
It could be the largest appliance
available for the data center to date”
Sandra Gittlen Computerworld
Benefits Claimed
- Lower upfront capital
expenditure
- Able to add capacity
quickly, easily
- Ease of mobility
- Built in power and
cooling efficiency
- Built in redundancy
- Security
• The container-based model, which is still in its infancy, allows
companies of all sizes to locate their data centers anywhere there is power, cooling and
a network connection.
• "These are the same rack systems and servers you would use
in a data center. The only difference is that they've deployed in a shipping container
instead of a building," says George Hamilton, director of enterprise infrastructure at
Yankee Group Research Inc.
• "This gives you the ability to add a big chunk of processing
power and storage without having to figure out how to design a data center from the
ground up," says Andreas Antonopoulos, a senior partner at consultancy Nemertes
Research.
• "It's best to think about these as a large version of a network
appliance. You assume they've configured everything from the cable and cooling
optimally so you can just plug it in," Antonopoulos says.
See Appendix D for Vendor-Specific Offerings
Page 31 of 49

(Verari Systems, Sun, IBM, HP, Microsoft, Google, Emerson)
Page 32 of 49

Subterranean Facilities
• Site selection for Mission Critical Real Estate (MCRE) is trending towards subterranean facilities that can
greatly reduce risk and vulnerability to unpredictable elements
Organizations turning to subterranean MCRE include:
- In early ‘08, Wikia Search was
launched via servers housed in the U.S. Secure Hosting
Center (USSHC) ultra-secure underground hosting facility
- Fall ‘07 Sun Microsystems
announced a JV that will place computing facilities in a
dormant Japanese coal mine
- PHNS, which serves hospitals and
healthcare customers, developed a subterranean data center
85 feet underground in a disaster-proof solid limestone cave
near Springfield, MO
- Cavern Technologies, a 200,000
square foot facility near Kansas City that is 125 feet
underground.
- United States Secure Hosting
Center USSHC
- StrataSpace, a 500 K s.f.
underground data center outside Louisville, Kentucky.
- The SpringNet Underground, 56
K s.f data center 85 feet underground in a limestone cave
near Springfield, Missouri.
- The Mountain Complex, built into
side of a dolomite mountain in the Ozarks near Branson, MO.
recently won a deal to house backup data for thousands of
financial institutions.
- The InfoBunker, a 65,000 square
foot ultra-secure underground data center in Iowa, built in a
decommissioned Air Force bunker.
- The Montgomery Westland (The
Westlin Bunker) provides 40 K s.f of underground data center
and office space in Lake Conroe, Texas, recently announced
plans to add 100K, s.f.
- Iron Mountain has a data center
within its huge underground records storage facility near
Pittsburgh, previously known as the National Underground.
- Mountains West Exploration Inc.
(MXWI) entered the data center business in November with the
acquisition of Secured Digital Storage, and plans to develop
former military ammunition bunkers as ultra-secure storage.
Key Motivators
Power and Cooling
• A key motivation for Sun’s Japanese
Security
• Reduce physical points of
Page 33 of 49

underground site is that the site temperature will be a constant
59 degrees Fahrenheit
• Appealing to orgs that require high
number of cooling days.
vulnerability. Extremely difficult to find the location, or the entry
point.
• Facilitate TS/SCI (Top
Secret/Sensitive Compartmented Info).
Green Standards
• Offers a way to satisfy existing
LEED priorities while also carving a path to meeting future
green data center standards.
Protection from Natural Disasters
• Facilities increasingly built with blast-
hardened limestone, making it weather proof, natural disaster
proof and safeguarded from nearly any conventional weapon,
Sources:
• Data Center Site Selection: How Deep Can You Go? by Lee Kirby, VP & GM with Lee
Technologies, June 2008
• www.DataCenterKnowledge.com
Floating Data Centers
11 January 2008
Datacentres take to
the high seas
By Chris Mellor
IDS stands for International
Data Security and is run by
CEO Ken Choi and president
Richard Naughton, an ex-US
Navy admiral.
• US start-up IDS plans to open the first of 50 ship-borne floating
datacentres at Pier 50 in San Francisco in April.
• Floating data centres are said to be much more environmentally friendly
than land-based datacentres. Other green datacentre locations have previously included Siberia,
Iceland, Smartbunker, a UK NATO military site, and a Japanese coalmine.
• The company aims to have 22 container ships housing datacentres around
the USA coastline and 28 elsewhere around the globe.
• The datacentres will be constructed in the ship's cargo space and also
housed in shipping containers stacked on the deck, using products such as Sun's Blackbox and
Page 34 of 49

A somewhat basic datasheet
has come to light. It is not
known if IDS is going to be
(ahem) floated.
Find out more from
SilverBack Migration
Solutions.
Rackable's ICE Cube
• It is said that each ship will have a minimum of 200,000 square feet of
potential datacentre space.
• The Pier 50 ship already has its 'anchor' tenants. The full fleet of 50
decommissioned cargo ships is said to have already been purchased.
• Power demands will be supplemented by on-ship generators running on
the ship's bio-diesel supply, allowing sustained power outages of up to one month.
• Sea water will be used to cool the air-conditioning towers with a 30-40
percent power reduction expected.
• Waste heat from the datacentres will be re-used to heat the ship's
accommodation
• These marine data centres are being targeted at the disaster recovery
market initially
• IDS says that a ship-borne datacentre can be commissioned in just a few
months whereas building a land-based datacentre can take a year or more and be hindered by real
estate constraints.
Page 35 of 49

SECONDARY MARKETS
Public and Private Entities are Flocking to Secondary Markets to Leverage Availability of
Land, Access to Lower Cost Resources, Close Proximity to Power and an Array of
Incentives from States and Utilities
The Boyd Company Inc.
Best Places to Build a Data Center by Estimated Annual Operating Cost
Cheapest places to build Most expensive places to build
City Cost
Sioux Falls, S.D. $16,131,793
Ft. Walton/Destin, Fla. $16,386,387
Pensacola, Fla. $16,562,083
Jacksonville, Fla. $16,879,315
Lee County, Fla. $17,022,961
San Antonio, Texas $17,054,703
Ft. Wayne, Ind. $17,062,231
Orlando $17,076,394
Sarasota/Bradenton, Fla. $17,136,032
Birmingham, Ala. $17,185,474
City Cost
New York City $22,542,097
San Francisco $21,889,593
Newark, N.J. $21,227,240
Boston $21,031,699
Stamford, Conn. $20,857,417
Chicago $20,433,269
Los Angeles $20,418,852
Hartford, Conn. $20,011,311
Philadelphia $19,953,246
San Diego $19,456,506
Page 36 of 49

State Relocation Incentives
Utah
• Offered a $15 million-plus incentive to get business software giant Oracle Corp. to
expand its presence in Utah.
Iowa
• Microsoft Corp. confirmed plans to build a data center in the Des Moines area, a move
that comes about four months after the state approved a package of tax breaks designed to lure the company
Ohio
• Cincinnati Bell Technology Solutions, located in Lebanon, received a 40 percent credit
for a five-year term to expand its current facility with a data center and IT managed services.
Indiana
• An Indiana company has announced plans to build an 80,000 square foot data center
near Columbus, Indiana, with the state providing more than $300,000 in incentives to get the project off the
ground. The data center will be built and operated by Data Cave Inc., a new company spun off from Analytical
Engineering, Inc. (AEI)
Alabama
• BCBS plans to buy 25 acres in Jefferson Metropolitan Park Lakeshore, a deal that was
authorized by the Jefferson County Economic and Industrial Development Authority board of directors. The
company plans to build a 55,000-square-foot center in Birmingham's Oxmoor Valley, with plans to occupy the
building in 2010.
• Birmingham is one of the most affordable markets in the U.S> to operate a data center,
according to a recent study by The Boyd Company,
Nebraska
• Yahoo's interest in Omaha was first noted by TechHermit, and has been confirmed by
our sources, who say the Internet portal has looked at development opportunities in several Midwestern states.
Nebraska, which has stepped up its efforts to attract data center projects in recent months, has emerged as the
front runner.
• Omaha was recently named one of the most affordable U.S. cities to operate a data
center by The Boyd Company, with an annual operating expense of $12.9 million, less than half the cost of
Page 38 of 49

operating a similar facility in New York.
• Nebraska has also been developing incentive programs to compete with its neighbor
Iowa,
EDAs with
Booths at
AFCOM Data
Center World
• Virginia Economic Development Partnership: let companies know that there's still
plenty of room for data centers in the state, especially in southern Virginia.
• Nebraska Advantage: Omaha was named one of the best U.S. cities to locate a data
center by The Boyd Company, and is developing incentive programs to compete with its neighbor Iowa. The
Nebraska Advantage booth also had representatives of the Nebraska Public Power District on hand to discuss
power issues.
• Temple (Texas) Economic Development Corp.: Temple is a city between Dallas
and Austin that hopes to attract data center tenants to a business park controlled by the EDA.
• North Dakota Department of Commerce: Reps of North Dakota say they've had site
visits from some of the largest data center providers, attracted by the state's cost and infrastructure. A state-
funded telecommunications network, STAGEnet, provides broadband connections to 192 North Dakota
communities.
• The town of Cedar Falls, Iowa distributed packages of economic development
information to media at Data Center World. The city's EDA has developed an FAQ page addressing the region's
benefits for data center site location.
Iceland Attracts
Data
Center
Market
• April 1, 2008 -- (WEB HOST INDUSTRY REVIEW) -- Iceland has recently been trying to
put itself on the map as a competitive location for the operation of data centers.
• The Invest in Iceland Agency (invest.is) recently cited a PricewaterhouseCoopers
Belgium study that found that Iceland has become one of the most attractive options, if not the most attractive, for
the growing offshore data center market
Page 39 of 49

Federal Moves
Federal agencies, including the
FBI, are relocating operations to
the I-81 corridor – Virginia
Far enough from the capital to
escape the fallout of a nuclear
explosion -- a distance often
estimated at 50 miles -- but close
enough so employees can get to
the District relatively easily.
U.S. Government Security Exposures
Page 40 of 49

In a January 2008 Report to the Acting Commissioner of
Internal Revenue, the U.S. Government Accountability Office
cited a variety of physical security issues at IRS data centers,
mostly centering around access by personnel who didn't have a
need to be there.
In an earlier GAO report last summer about information security
issues within the government as a whole (download PDF), the
GAO Almost all of the 24 major federal agencies had weaknesses
in one or more areas of information security controls.
• IRS made limited progress toward correcting
previously reported information security weaknesses. It has
corrected or mitigated 29 of the 98 information security
weaknesses that we reported as unresolved at the time of our
last review.
• IRS has not consistently implemented
effective controls to prevent, limit, or detect unauthorized
access to computing resources from within its internal network.
For example, IRS did not always
1. Enforce strong password management for
properly identifying and authenticating users
2. Authorize user access to permit only the
access needed to perform job functions
3. Encrypt sensitive data
4. Effectively monitor changes on its mainframe
5. Physically protect its computer resources
1. Agriculture
2. Commerce
3. Defense
4. Education
5. Energy
6. Health and
Human Services
7. Homeland
Security
8. HUD
9. Interior
10. Justice
11. Labor
12. State
13. Transportat
ion
14. Treasury
15. Veterans
Affairs
16. EPA
17. GSA
18. NASA
19. NSF
20. NRC
21. Office of
Personnel Mgnt
22. SBA
23. Social
Security Admin
24. U.S.
Agency for International
Development
Page 41 of 49

Colocation Providers Leveraging Secondary Markets
Power Loft LLC Building a 200K SF center in Manassas, VA
Terremark Building new centers in VA and Silicon Valley
Equinix
Acquired Northern VA campus for $53 million and bought one of its flagship Silicon Valley facilities in
San Jose for $65 million. Construction continues on new IBX centers in Chicago and Secaucus, N.J.
Peak 10:
Entered Atlanta, Richmond and Cincinnati in ‘07- added capacity in Jacksonville, FL.; Nashville, Raleigh, and
Charlotte - has facilities in Louisville, Ky. and Tampa, Fla.
ViaWest
Acquisition of Dataside added 7 centers in Dallas, Austin and Las Vegas, to seven facilities between
Portland, OR Salt Lake City, and Denver
Colospace 4 centers in MA, 2 in NH - Plans in CT, RI, ME, VT.
Hosted Solutions 2 facilities apiece in Charlotte and Raleigh - Acquired Boston Datacenters in 2006 to enter New England
SAVVIS Constructing four new data centers
Carpathia Hosting June 25, 2008 -- Carpathia Hosting, announced addition of over 20,000 SF, Tier III data center in VA.
Microsoft
Company’s major center in Quincy, WA, attracted projects from Yahoo, Sabey Corp., Intuit, Ask.com ,
Base Partners
$550M SF data center project in the Westover Hills area of San Antonio, attracted projects by National Security
Agency, Stream Realty Partners, Christus Health Systems, Power Loft LLC
Page 42 of 49

Other providers with 1-3 facilities in
secondary markets, include CDW
Berbee, Team Companies,
MarquisNet, FiberCloud et al
Oklahoma is becoming home to
companies including Google, EDS,
Perimeter Technology and Titan
Private Security and others
Page 43 of 49

GROWING DEMAND FOR OUTSOURCING / MANAGED SERVICES
Colocation / Outsourcing Trends
Industry Views Demand Drivers
• Over the next three or more years,
midsize and large users will increasingly rely on hosting
services, effecting one of the most important changes to the
U.S. data center landscape, according to Gartner Research VP
Rakesh Kumar who said companies should move quickly to
avoid high prices.
• “We are seeing a definite trend in
colocation across multiple industries as a result of the
increased need for availability of systems as well as the
adoption of denser technologies” notes Blake McClean, VP of
Business Development for CyrusOne.
• Farah Saeed, Senior Consultant for
the Energy and Power Group for the research consultant Frost
& Sullivan agrees that they are seeing steady growth in the
colocation sector that is likely attributable to several factors that
include operational cost savings and personnel.
• Scott Morrison, research director at
Gartner, stated "The increase in demand for data center services
is being driven primarily by internal enterprise requirements,
including growth in content-rich applications, storage needs and
virtualization."
• Economic downturn and restricted
access to capital also influencing companies' approach to data
center space. Even financial companies that traditionally build
their own facilities are considering leasing data center space
instead.
• Shrinking talent pool:
- Per AFCOM, by 2015, the talent pool of qualified senior-
level technical and management data center professionals will
shrink by 45%.
- Per Bill Clifford, CEO of Aperture and the Aperture
Research Institute, the data center industry is and will continue
to see a problem with filling the role of the data center
manager.
Interactive Map
Page 44 of 49

A hosting company in Denmark has launched Data Center Map - a visual guide to colocation facilities in major markets around the
world. Currently there are 848 co-location data centers from 45 countries in the index, of which 715 are carrier neutral and 133 are not.
Furthermore there are 193 tenants listed under the various data centers. Click: Map / Index / Search
Move to Managed Services
Increasingly, providers are shifting from basic colocation to managed services, moving up the value chain to pursue higher profit
margins. The move to Software as a Service (SaaS) and Hardware as a Service (HaaS) allows companies to consider buying
more IT as an operating expense (OpEx) on a variable capacity basis rather than using capital expenditures (CapEx) to build
capacity, notes Vinnie Mirchindani, founder of Deal Architect, Inc.
Data Center Real Estate
There is broad agreement among the industry's leading executives, who say demand for data center space and services remains
strong, and is likely to continue - Digital Realty Trust (DLR), Equinix (EQIX), DuPont Fabros Technology (DFT), Switch and Data
(SDXC), Terremark (TMRK), Savvis (SVVS), 365 Main and i/o Data Centers. Source www.datacenterknowledge.com
1. DuPont Fabros: A Bet on Internet Growth 2. Digital Realty Trust
• Raised more than $640M with its
October IPO
• Bullish on the data center real estate
space," and expect fundamentals to remain strong. "This is a
real estate bet on internet growth,” Hossein Fateh, Pres. and
CEO of (DFT),
• Products are actually power, cooling
and the security
• Feb ‘08 - acquired 365 South
Randolphville Road, in NJ
• Dec ‘07 - acquired Units 1, 2 and 3
of the Foxboro Business Park, in suburban London, England
• Dec ‘07 - acquired Naritaweg 52,
located in Amsterdam
• Dec ‘07 - acquired Cressex 1, in
suburban London,
Page 45 of 49

• Over 60% of leasing revenue from
Microsoft and Yahoo, but customer base diversifying: social
networking sites & online video and delivery of medical
records
Long-Term View
In past 3 years, everything we’ve
built has leased 100 %."
4 centers planned in next 2 years
Could build up to $2 B of
construction without new money
Property Types
Internet gateways
Data centers - hubs for Internet and
data communications
Corporate data centers
Technology manufacturing
properties, which contain specialized manufacturing
environments
Regional or national offices of
technology companies
Equinix (EQIX) Terremark
• Equinix (EQIX) appointed former co-
chair and chief investment officer for Prologis, Irving F. Lyons,
III, to its board
• Company’s aggressive building plan
is fully-funded
• "We definitely heard from customers
that in this economic environment that they are more prone to
outsource their colocation needs as opposed to build from a
CapEx perspective," said Margie Backaus, the chief business
officer at Equinix (EQIX).
• In June Terremark Worldwide
(TMRK) arranged for $250M in financing to fund its
expansion projects
• Terremark CEO Manny Medina
says that new business has shifted towards managed hosting
services. Customers have come to the Infinistructure platform,
to reduce their total cost of ownership and at the same time
increase their level of services," said Medina.
CRG West
Holding of The Carlyle Group
Savvis Inc. (SVVS)
Raised $200 million through asset sales
i/o Data Centers
Backed by i/o Capital
Cloud Computing
Page 46 of 49

April 07, 2008
• Cloud computing encompasses any subscription-based or pay-per-
use service that, in real time over the Internet, extends IT's existing capabilities.
• Performing enormous scientific calculations in hundreds or thousands
of idle machines within an enterprise or worldwide. See grid computing. See also utility computing.
• Running apps in or from network servers. May refer to a company's
own network - often refers to the Internet and use of Web browser-based or rich client
applications. Implies trend toward thin client computing, embodied in the "network computer" of
the late 90s (network computer).
Based on discussions with vendors, analysts, and IT customers, following is a rough breakdown of what cloud computing is all about
SaaS
Delivers a single application
through the browser to
thousands of customers using
a multitenant architecture
Platform as a service
A SaaS variation, this form of
cloud computing delivers
development environments as
a service
Web services in the cloud
Closely related to SaaS, Web
service providers offer APIs for
developers to exploit Internet
functionality, rather than
delivering full-blown apps
Service commerce platforms
Hybrid of SaaS and MSP, this
cloud computing service offers
a service hub that users
interact with. Think of it as an
automated service bureau
Utility computing
Not a new idea, but this form of
cloud computing is getting new
life from Amazon.com, Sun,
IBM, et al who now offer
storage and virtual servers that
IT can access on demand.
MSP (managed service
providers)
One of the oldest forms,
basically an application
exposed to IT not end-users,
like a virus scanning svce for
e-mail or an application
monitoring svce
Internet integration
The integration of cloud-based
services is in its early days, but
cloud computing aggregators &
integrators are emerging
Cloud computing might be better
described as "sky computing," w
many isolated clouds of services.
Note
As virtualization and SOA
permeate, loosely coupled
services running on agile,
scalable infrastructure will make
every enterprise a node in the
cloud. Among big meta-trends,
cloud computing is the hardest
one to argue with.
Page 47 of 49

As TechEd 2008, Microsoft Chairman Bill Gates described
Microsoft's "mega data centers" as providing an advantage in the
current cloud-building arms race, saying that "Microsoft and only a
few others" will be able to build these facilities. "Today in our data
centers we have literally hundreds of thousands of servers. In the
future, we'll have many millions of those servers."
iTricity Collaborates With IBM to Open a New Cloud Computing
Hosting Center June 18, 2008
Based on IBM "Blue Cloud" technology - corporate data centers
operate more like the Internet by computing across a distributed,
globally accessible fabric of resources, rather than local machines.
INDUSTRY-WIDE ENERGY MANAGEMENT PROGRAMS & INITIATIVES
DOE EPA Enterprise Server and Data Center Energy Efficiency Initiatives
The DOE and EPA are directed
by law to guide how we design
and operate data centers.
Page 48 of 49

They have initiated a joint
national data center energy
efficiency information program,
which coordinates a wide
variety of activities from the
DOE Industrial Technologies
Program Save Energy Now
initiative, the DOE Federal
Energy Management Program
(FEMP), and the EPA ENERGY
STAR program.
EPA Report to
Congress on Server
and Data Center
Energy Efficiency
(helps define a vision for
achieving energy efficiency
in U.S. data centers)
Page 49 of 49

Data Centers in the Mix
The Industrial Technologies Program (ITP) leads national efforts to improve industrial energy
efficiency and environmental performance. We are part of the U.S. Department of Energy's Office
of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy
Save Energy Now is a national initiative of the Industrial Technologies Program (ITP) to drive a
25% reduction in industrial energy intensity in 10 years. Industrial companies can participate in no-
cost energy assessments and utilize ITP resources to reduce energy use while increasing profits.
The Industrial Technologies Program (ITP), through Save Energy Now, is working with U.S.
computer data centers to reduce their energy consumption. This Web page DOE Save Energy
Now in Your Data Center describes the planned activities and partnerships. Sign up now to
participate in the DOE effort to reduce data center energy use!
Major Data Center Program Elements Vision for Energy Efficiency in Data Centers
• Develop and test “DC Pro”
Software using pilot energy assessments
• Create consensus metrics
• Create and publicize Save
Energy Now case studies based on pilot energy
assessments
• Create best practice
information and a training curriculum
• Develop Qualified Specialists
program for Data Centers
• Establish metrics for overall data
center energy intensity
- IT and infrastructure
- Energy cost ($), source energy (Btu), and carbon
emissions (M tons)
- Specified Best-in-Class targets for various types of data
centers
• Create technologies, tools and
guidelines to drive continuous improvement
• Support third-party certification
process to validate energy intensity improvement and Best-
Page 50 of 49

• Create guidelines for “Best-in-
Class” data centers and validate with Technology
Demonstrations
• Create and implement a
collaborative research program with industry
in-Class
• Provide recognition for data
centers that achieve a certain level of energy savings
Page 51 of 49

Goals
By the beginning of 2011:
• 3,000 data centers will have
completed awareness training through classes or webcasts via
our partners
• 1,500 mid-tier and enterprise-
class data centers will have applied the Assessment Protocols
and Tools to improve data center energy efficiency by 25% (on
average)
• 200 enterprise-class data centers
will have improved their energy efficiency by 50% (on average)
via such aggressive measures as accelerated virtualization,
high-efficiency servers, high-efficiency power systems (e.g.,
fuel cells), optimized cooling, and combined heat and power
systems
• 200 Qualified Specialists will be
certified to assist data centers
Page 52 of 49

Source: EPA Report to Congress on Server and Data Center Energy Efficiency
Page 53 of 49

EPA report shows that with Efficiency Improvements DC power footprint will go down, but this assumes that demand doesn’t
change
Page 54 of 49

Industry Take-Up of Green Initiatives
• Europe has organizations working on IT and data
center energy efficiency, including the UK’s Green Technology Initiative
• Many multi national corporations are applying their
corporate green strategies to their data center portfolios
• While Allstate is seeking LEED certification for a new
center scheduled to open in the spring of '09, but recognizes that LEED is not
designed for data centers
Page 55 of 49
Green Programs, Initiatives and Trends
“To continue delivering uninterrupted uptime in enterprise computing, it is necessary to
recognize that profitability, efficiency, and greenness are one and the same.
The Uptime Institute’s final conclusion noted:
• Greater attention to energy consumption and green
initiatives is required.
• The threat of running out of cooling and power capacity
a growing issue
• The C-suite is not adequately involved in or committed
to the reduction of energy.
Whereas, in a survey conducted
late last year on Data Center
Journal 30% indicated that they
have no plans for a green
initiative - another 33% indicated
that they are planning and
discussing it only.

• California Energy Commission’s Recommended
Program for Data Center LEED Certification - expected to be ready sometime in
2008
The challenge has not been getting data centers to “go green.” Instead, what organizations lack
are universally recognized industry standards for the green data center. In fact, a recent Digital
Realty Trust survey finds that 82 percent of companies said that no clear industry standard for
green data centers existed.
3 Barriers of Particular Importance to Data Centers
Page 56 of 49

According to the EPA,
barriers that prevent data
centers from adopting
changes are typically not
technological but
organizational.
1. Lack of efficiency definitions: Data center operators need standard definitions of
productivity in order to purchase energy-efficient equipment, operate it in an optimal
way, and design and operate the buildings to house it. (Recognized standards)
2. Split incentives: In many data centers, those responsible for purchasing and
operating the IT equipment are not the same people that are responsible for the power
and cooling infrastructure, who in turn typically pay the utility bills.
3. Risk aversion: data center operators are particularly averse to making changes that
might increase the risk of down time.
Page 57 of 49

National Data Center Energy Efficiency Information Program
Metrics and
benchmarking
• DOE and EPA are working with industry to develop consistent measurement
protocols and metrics to define energy performance in a data center facility
Energy saving tools
and training
• DOE Save Energy Now and EPA ENERGY STAR are developing tools to assist
data center operators in characterizing their energy use and identifying opportunities for improvement. Two
tools form the cornerstone of these efforts:
1. The DOE Save Energy Now DC Pro tool suite
2. The EPA ENERGY STAR Portfolio Manager tool (will house EPA’s energy performance rating for data
center infrastructure)
Certification of data
center energy
efficiency experts
• DOE Save Energy Now is developing a certification program for data center
energy efficiency experts. Save Energy Now Qualified Specialists will be able to assist data center operators in
identifying and implementing energy saving projects
Equipment
performance
specification and
labeling
• EPA is developing an ENERGY STAR specification for enterprise servers which
will allow this equipment to earn the ENERGY STAR.
• EPA will consider future opportunities to develop ENERGY STAR specifications
for additional IT equipment
ENERGY STAR Enterprise Server Specification Development Process
Recognition of Best-
in-Class data
centers
• DOE Save Energy Now will recognize data centers which have demonstrated a
defined level of energy savings using the DC Pro tool to validate energy saved.
• EPA ENERGY STAR label given to data centers that achieve a high level of
energy performance.
Page 58 of 49

• DOE Save Energy Now and FEMP will develop Best-in-Class guidelines with
industry partners to initially guide the specification and design of newly constructed Federal data centers
Designation of a
Data Center Energy
Efficiency
Organization
• Section 453 of the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 requires DOE
and EPA to designate an organization to coordinate the National Data Center Energy Efficiency
Information Program activities
• DOE and EPA are in the process of determining the role of this organization and
selection criteria. DOE and will issue a Federal Register notice announcing the plan to select an organization
Page 59 of 49

Data Collection Initiative to Develop an ENERGY STAR Rating for Data Centers
To develop the rating system, EPA is collecting data on energy use and operating characteristics from a large number of existing data centers,
both stand-alone facilities and data centers located in office and other types of buildings.
Goals for the ENERGY STAR Data Center Rating What is the ENERGY STAR Rating for Data Center Infrastructure?
• Build on existing ENERGY
STAR methods and platforms. Methodology similar to
existing ENERGY STAR ratings (1-100 scale).
• Usable for both stand-alone
data centers, as well as data centers housed within
office or other buildings.
• Assess performance at the
building level to explain howa building performs, not why
it performs a certain way.
• Provide users with
information and links to resources to aid in their efforts to
determine next steps after receiving an energy
performance rating for their building.
• Offer the ENERGY STAR
label to data centers with a rating of 75 or higher
(performance in the top quartile).
Unit of
Analysis
IT Energy/Total Energy
What Measure of infrastructure efficiency
- Captures impact of cooling and
support systems
- Does not capture IT efficiency
Why Best available whole building measure
- Industry still developing ways
to understand and measure IT output and efficiency
How Express ratio (IT/Total) as an ENERGY STAR 1-to-100 rating
- Percentile of performance
- Ratio value adjusted for:
climate, tier level, other factors
Rating Development Process Overview Timeline
• Consult with various
industry stakeholders to develop consensus on the use
February Industry stakeholder meetings to discuss data collection needs
March Initiate data collection with data center operators
Page 60 of 49

of a ratio of ITEnergy/Total Energy as the metric for the
rating
• Develop data collection
template, instructions, and support materials.
• Gather data on actual
energy use from existing data centers. Data required
from at least 100data centers.
• Analyze data to develop
rating models.
• Launch ENERGY STAR
Data Center Infrastructure Rating in Portfolio Manager.
May ‘09 Conclude data collection
Summer/
Fall 2009
Review and analyze data and develop energy performance rating
system
Fall 2009 Share analytical results with industry
January
2010
Launch data center infrastructure energy performance rating in
Portfolio Manager; ENERGY STAR label available for stand-alone
data centers
Over 215 data centers from more than 60 organizations have signed up to participate in the Data Collection Process
Data Collection
Initiative to
Develop an
ENERGY
STAR Rating
for Data
Centers
- 365
Main Inc.
- 7x24
Exchange
- ADP
Inc.
- Comp
utershare
- Data
Center Operations Council
(Corp Exec. Board)
- Digital
- EMC2
- Hill
Environmental Operations
- Hostin
g.com
- JCPen
ney Co, Inc.
- Junipe
r Networks, Inc.
- Racks
pace
- Rarita
n Inc.
- The
Green Grid
- The
Uptime Institute and Site Uptime
Network
- United
Parcel Service
- Unum
- VISI
Page 61 of 49

Realty Trust, Inc.
Some Measurement Tools Currently in Place
Power Usage Effectiveness (PUE) and Data center Infrastructure Efficiency (DCiE)
• First paper published in Feb, ‘07, "Green Grid Metrics: Describing Data
Center Power Efficiency".
• Initially, The Green Grid proposed the use of Power Usage Effectiveness
(PUE) and its reciprocal, Data Center Efficiency (DCE) metrics, which enable data center operators to
quickly estimate the energy efficiency of their data centers, compare the results against other data
centers, and determine if any energy efficiency improvements need to be made.
• The Green Grid has since refined definitions in a new paper is called Data
Center Infrastructure Efficiency (DCiE)
Note that different metrics are being proposed by other organizations as well
Association of IT professionals
seeking to dramatically raise the
energy efficiency of data centers
through a series of short-term
and long-term proposals
In his comments at the Silicon Valley Leadership Group's Data Center Energy Summit in June, Andrew
Fanara of the EPA's Energy Star program addressed concerns that the government may eventually
Page 62 of 49

regulate data center energy usage in some form. "I am not aware of any one planning any regulation of
the data center industry. There may be climate legislation at some point, but that's a broader issue."
The Data Center Energy Profiler “DC Pro” Software Tool, Release 1.1.1 Now Available
Page 63 of 49

• DC Pro is an
online software tool to help industries
worldwide “diagnose” how energy is used
in data centers and how to save energy
and money.
• DOE is
collaborating with the U.S. EPA to ensure
integration between DC Pro and EPA’s
ENERGY STAR® Portfolio Manager
tool.
• DOE is also
working with industry groups such as the
Green Grid Association to develop the
tool suite.
• Read the
workshop presentation materials to learn
more
Test the beta version and submit feedback
Read the DC Pro FAQs
Run the DC Pro Software
1 September 2008: DC Pro tool version 1.0 release
Page 64 of 49

Incentives
Database of State Incentives for Renewables & Efficiency (DSIRE)
• A comprehensive source of
information on state, local, utility, and federal incentives
that promote renewable energy and energy efficiency.
It maintains databases broken down by state and
individual utility, offering details on each program along
with a link to the utility's web site.
• The utilities that are
developing efficiency programs for data centers have
formed a committee to exchange ideas and coordinate
their programs,
• The Consortium for
Energy Efficiency is beginning an initiative to address
energy use in data centers – working closely with
the EPA's ENERGY STAR program
• PG&E became the first utility to offer
rebates to business customers that implement virtualization and
server consolidation projects.
• Avista Utilities, serving Spokane, Wash.,
offers rebates up to $5,000 per rack for implementing a chip-level
liquid cooling solution from SprayCool.
• Xcel Energy, operations in eight Western
states offers a custom project program in which business
customers (including data centers) can get rebates of up to $200 per
kilowatt of demand savings, as well as up to $15,000 towards an
efficiency study to identify savings
• For permanently reducing electric demand
by at least 20 kilowatts in Con Edison territory, NYSERDA (New York
State Energy Research and Development Authority) will help pay for
capital improvement costs with an incentive of $600 a kilowatt
• Austin Energy, is planning to introduce a
data center program that will include rebates on a variety of efficiency
measures, including server virtualization and efficient cooling
practices
Page 66 of 49

Convergence of IT and Facilities
Now more than ever Facility and IT must work together to manage what has been a disconnect between the two. From capacity
planning and right sizing your datacenter the need for integrated approaches to designing, building and operating facilities are driving
new demands for Econometrics in design and planning.
• In general, IT decisions are based
on computing demands, while data facilities management
makes decisions based on the cost and availability of
energy.
• CIOs know green technology is
important, but they may not see it as urgent, because IT
typically doesn't deal with the rising electricity bills at the
facility.
• Often, data center electricity costs
are not broken out
• Mechanical and electrical
engineers with experience in data center design, air-flow
modeling and power systems management are in demand.
“If you have those skills, there are jobs waiting,” says Phil
Calabrese, a mechanical engineer and director of I.B.M.’s
real estate engineering and construction unit.
Page 67 of 49
ITFacilities
Organization

APPENDIX A
Sources
Industry Analysts
Gartner
• Oct. 2007 Trendwatch
• “Global IT spending growth stable”
By Chris Kanaracus, IDG News Service April 03, 2008
• Presentation to Oregon
Association of Government Information
Technology ManagementJanuary 2008 Conference
• Gartner Data Center Conference
November 27-30, 2007 Post Event Summary
• Rakesh Kumar, VP Gartner
Research
IDC
• IDC INSIGHT “Building, Planning and
Operating the Next Generation Data Center” Michelle Bailey
IDC OPINION
• Vernon Turner, Analyst
• Presentation “Analyze the Future”
• IDC server virtualization multiclient
study, 2007
• Outlook 2008: U.S. IT Spending by
Region and Vertical
IDC - 2/15/2008
• The Impact of Power and Cooling on
Data Center Infrastructure
Forrester
• Forrester Cuts Tech Spending
Prediction Reuters: 2/11/2008
• April 15, 2008 The Forrester Wave™:
Data Center Automation, Q2 2008 by Evelyn Hubbert for IT
Infrastructure & Operations Professionals
Deal Architect Inc.
• founded by Vinnie Mirchandani,
former technology industry analyst (with Gartner), outsourcing
exec (with PwC, now part of IBM) and founder of sourcing
advisory firm, Jetstream Group
Page 68 of 49

Yankee Group Research, Inc.
• George Hamilton, director of
enterprise infrastructure
Frost & Sullivan
• Farah Saeed, Senior Consultant,
Energy and Power Group
Input
• John Slve, analyst
The Boyd Company Inc.
• Best Places to Build a Data Center by
Estimated Annual Operating Cost
Publications
• 08 Feb 2007 |
www.SearchDataCenter.com
• Oct-Nov 2007 survey
• “Gartner predicts data center power
and cooling crisis” June 14 2007
• Uptime Institute expands data center
tier rating system, By Mark Fontecchio, News Writer 19 Mar
2008
• November 2007 “Data center
construction is booming”
The Data Center Journal
• Data Center Site Selection: How Deep
Can You Go? Written by Lee Kirby, Wednesday, 25 June
2008
• Data Center Efficiency Experts In
Demand Written by don dashefsky, Friday, 13 June 2008
• IT Projects Undeterred by Slowing
Economy, Experts in Data Center Efficiency in Demand May 23,
2008
• 2007 was "The Year of the Data
Center,"
DataCenterKnowledge.com
• “2007 was "The Year of the
Data Center"
DataCenterDynamics
• DatacenterDynamics, the key issues
identified for 2008
Page 69 of 49

Information Age
• Data centre building boom
“Companies are building and expanding data centres despite
economic gloom” Tuesday, 17th June 2008
Network World
• “Security dominates 2008 IT
agenda” January 30, 2008
• 02/19/2007 “New Data Center role
could put you on the path to the executive suite”
New York Times
• June 17, 2008 “ Demand for Data
Puts Engineers in Spotlight”, By Steve Lohr
Economist.com
• Down on the server farm May 22nd
2008 | from The Economist print edition “The real-world
implications of the rise of internet computing”
TechWorld
• 11 January 2008 “Datacentres take to
the high seas”
TechWeb Network
Computerworld
InfoWorld
Governmental Entities
EPA
• EPA Report to Congress on
Server and Data Center Energy Efficiency
• ENERGY STAR Enterprise Server
Specification Development Process
• National Data Center Energy
Efficiency Information Program
• Data Collection Initiative to
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory,
• “High-Performance Data Centers: A
Research Roadmap.” March 30, 2004
• “Data Center Energy Use, Metrics and
Rating Systems” Steve Greenberg, Energy Management
Engineer Environmental Energy Technologies Division October
31, 2007
GAO
Page 70 of 49

Develop an ENERGY STAR Rating for Data Centers
• Read the DC Pro FAQs
• DOE Save Energy Now in Your
Data Center
• January 2008 Report to the
Acting Commissioner of Internal Revenue
• In an earlier GAO report last summer
about information security issues within the government as a
whole (download)
Database of State Incentives for Renewables &
Efficiency
Independent Groups / Organizations Service Providers
Page 71 of 49

National Association of State CIOs
• Enterprise Data Center Consolidation
In The States: Strategies & Business Justification August 2007
Data Center Institute
• Five Bold Predictions For The Data
Center Industry For The Data Center Industry That Will Change
That Will Change Youryourfuture
• Rte of computational increase
(Moore’s Law) is greater than the rate of increase of power
efficiency – 2007
• White Paper, “Tier Classifications
Define Site Infrastructure Performance”
• Symposium “Revolutionizing Data
Center Efficiency” McKinsey & Company
AFCOM
ASHRAE
The Green Grid
• Power Usage Effectiveness
(PUE) and Data center Infrastructure Efficiency
(DCiE)
ITIL®
the IT Infrastructure Library ®
Computer Economics
• Survey: 2008 IT spending to be
'anemic' Jim Carr November 13, 2007
• Verari Systems
• Sun Microsystems
• Rackable Systems
• IBM
• Microsoft
• Google
• Emerson Network Power
• Consortium for Energy
Efficiency
• Computer Room Services
Corporation
• Digital Realty Trust
• EYP Mission Critical Systems
• Fortress Int’l
• APC
• NAAT, Inc.
• Sun
Microsystems.
Page 72 of 49

Consortium for Energy Efficiency
• Government Insights Report: April 18,
2008
• Data Centers and Servers Initiative,
June 2007
CDW IT Monitor
• HP
• Aperture Research InstituteTM
(ARI)
• Et al
APPENDIX B
Overall IT Spending
Page 73 of 49

Analysts reports mixed, but many point to slowing U.S. IT spending in 2008, at least in some sectors
Outlook 2008: U.S. IT Spending by Region and Vertical
IDC - 2/15/2008
Computer Economics survey: 2008 IT spending to be 'anemic'
Jim Carr November 13, 2007
• Per Monika Kumar, program manager of
IDC's U.S. Vertical Markets research, "Going to market in 2008 will
be challenging.
• The nature of IT projects will change with
pockets of opportunity in certain industries and geographic regions.
• Financial services and retail will curtail
overall IT spending, healthcare providers in states such as CA, TX,
and FL will face a surge in demand to support their aging population
• An uncertain economy is likely to
negatively impact IT spending next year, especially within large
enterprises.
• The report, "2008 IT Spending
Outlook: Anemic Growth," predicts that 16% of companies with
annual revenues of $750 + million expect IT budget cuts
• 33% of large organizations indicated
that 2007 IT spending will be less than budgeted –per the
report's author, Computer Economics President Frank Scavo.
CDW survey says businesses, Feds slowing IT spending Forrester Cuts Tech Spending Prediction Reuters: 2/11/2008
• The overall CDW IT Monitor index
dropped one point to 72, compared to February's reading of 73.
• Based on an online survey of at least
1000 IT decision makers from businesses of all sizes and all sectors
of government. Data breakdowns available at
www.cdwitmonitor.com.
• Concerns over recession affecting
tech spending in the U.S.
• Forrester has cut its global
tech spending forecast from 9 percent in 2008 to 6
percent, according to this Reuters article.
• With the U.S. accounting for two-
thirds of global IT spending, a growth of only 2.8 percent in
2008 is sure to have an effect.
Government Insights Report: April 18, 2008
Gartner: Global IT spending growth stable
By Chris Kanaracus, IDG News Service April 03, 2008
Page 74 of 49

• “We predict accelerated investment in
government IT spending in 2008, but the five-year overall U.S. IT
government spending picture will remain relatively flat,” said
Teresa Bozzelli, chief operating officer and managing director of
Government Insights.
• Bozzelli estimated that worldwide
government IT spending would reach $161 billion in 2008 - U.S.
government IT spending would account for about $73 billion or
46%
• Bozzelli estimated government IT
spending in the U.S. and Europe was growing at roughly a 6%
annual rate between 2008 and 2009.
• Study finds IT spending has been
largely unaffected, despite ongoing signs of weakness in U.S. &
global economies.
• On a global basis, the projected IT
budget growth rate for 2008 is 3.3 percent, unchanged from a
previous Gartner survey.
• In the U.S., budgets are still growing,
at 2.3 percent, but that represents a drop from 3.1 percent in
the last study.
• Responses from 1,011 CIOs
between Feb. 12 and Mar. 12.
• 62% said their 2008 IT budgets did
not change, 23% reported a drop and 15% said their budgets
grew.
APPENDIX C
Table 2-1. Typical IT Equipment and Site Infrastructure System Characteristics, by Space Type
Space type
Typical
size
Typical IT
equipment
characteristics
Typical site infrastructure system characteristics
Server closet <200 ft2 1-2 servers No
external storage
Typically conditioned through an office HVAC system. To support VOIP and wireless
applications, UPS and DC power systems are sometimes included in server closets.
Environmental conditions not as tightly maintained as other data center types. HVAC energy
efficiency associated with server closets similar to efficiency of office HVAC systems
Server room <500 ft2 A few to dozens of Typically conditioned through an office HVAC system, with additional cooling capacity,
Page 75 of 49

servers
No external
storage
probably in the form of a split system specifically designed to condition the room. The cooling
system and UPS equipment are typically of average or low efficiency because there is no
economy of scale to make efficient systems more first-cost competitive
Localized
data center
<1,000 ft2 Dozens to
hundreds of
servers
Moderate
external storage
Typically use under-floor or overhead air distribution systems and a few in-room CRAC units.
CRAC units in localized data centers are more likely to be air cooled and have constant-
speed fans and are thus relatively low efficiency. Operational staff is likely to be minimal,
which makes it likely that equipment orientation and airflow management are not optimized.
Air temperature and humidity are tightly monitored. However, power and cooling redundancy
reduce overall system efficiency
Mid-tier data
center
<5,000 ft2 Hundreds of
servers
Extensive external
storage
Typically use under-floor air distribution and in-room CRAC units. The larger size of the
center increases the probability that efficient cooling, e.g., a central chilled water plant and
central air handling units with variable speed fans, is used. Staff at this size data center may
be aware of equipment orientation and airflow management best practices. However, power
and cooling redundancy may reduce overall system efficiency
Enterprise-
class data
center
5,000+ ft2 Hundreds to
thousands of
servers
Extensive external
storage
The most efficient equipment is expected to be found in these large data centers. Along with
efficient cooling, these data centers may have energy management systems. Equipment
orientation and airflow management best practices are most likely implemented. However,
enterprise-class data centers are designed with maximum redundancy, which can reduce the
benefits gained from the operational and technological efficiency measures
Source: EPA Report to Congress Derived from Bailey et al. (2007)
Page 76 of 49

APPENDIX D
Verari
• March 4, 2008 - Verari Systems announces FOREST container
solution (Flexible, Open, Reliable, Energy efficient, Scalable and Transportable)
- High Density Storage and Compute Blades
- Up to 11.5 Petabytes of Storage Capacity or Up to 1400 Servers
- Self Contained Cooling or Chilled Water Cooling
- Able to Exploit External Temperatures to Reduce Operating Costs
- Local and Remote Management and Warning Interface
• By combining ultra-efficient solutions at the blade level with the
industry leading patented Vertical Cooling Technology the Verari FOREST Container can
reduce total energy costs by improving data center efficiency by up to 110%
• A market leader in blade storage and energy efficient platforms.
Customers include Wachovia, Akamai, Microsoft, Qualcomm, ESPN, CGGVeritas, Harris,
Lockheed Martin, Northrop Grumman, Sony Imageworks, and top universities and research
institutions
Sun Microsystems (JAVA) Project
Blackbox (now the Sun MD S20)
• Introduced in 2006
• First effort at a “data center in a box” incorporating a high-density
computing environment into a 20-foot shipping container
• The containers can travel on trains, ships or trucks
• Some of the benefits that Sun touts:
Page 77 of 49

- 10X faster to deploy vs. traditional datacenter
- Reduced capital expenses with incremental expansion
- 4X higher density per rack vs. typical datacenter
- 40% lower cooling costs in 1/8th the space.
Page 78 of 49

Rackable Systems' ICE Cube™ • Self-contained, fully portable, extreme server and storage density
with highly efficient cooling and easy serviceability
• This newest generation of the Integrated Concentro Environment
(ICE) ™ features nearly 20% greater density, broader choice of container sizes and
configurability, as well as more rapid production times
• Designed to augment or replace traditional brick-and-mortar data
centers of any size
• Well suited for a broad range of deployment scenarios — from
military applications to disaster recovery scenarios to basic data center expansion
IBM's Scalable Modular Data
Center
• The Scalable Modular Data Center service product is available
Page 79 of 49

from IBM's Site and Facilities Services business unit. Services include:
- Data center strategy and design
- Server and storage integration
- Relocation planning
- Project management
- Infrastructure equipment sourcing
- Installation services and management
- Testing and start-up management
• Entire solution can be implemented in 8 to 12 weeks and is 15%
less expensive than traditional data center builds.
• Uses APC InfraStruXure design, which integrates power, cooling,
rack, management, services and security, allowing for selection of standardized components
to create a solution through modular configurations.
IBM's data center design and build
experience and services expertise are
utilized to bring the solution to clients
Page 80 of 49

Microsoft’s Customized data center
containers, called CBlox
"Our mission is to reinvent infrastructure for the industry." Chrapaty
• Microsoft is embracing containers as key to building scalable,
energy-efficient cloud computing platforms
• Company predicts growth of 20,000 servers per month in the next
several years
• New Chicago Data Center represents first container data center
- $500 million, 500,000 SF facility in Northlake, Illinois
- Able to pack up to 300,000 servers into the data center "container
farm" on the first floor
- Will fill entire first floor with up to 220 shipping containers packed
with servers
- Part of company’s fleet of next-generation data centers being built
to support its Live suite of "software plus services" online applications
- Will move from about 400 to 450 watts per square foot to 1,200
watts a square foot
• Coverage of Microsoft (MSFT) and its data center projects and
innovations:
- Microsoft: 300,000 Servers in Container Farm
- Microsoft Embraces Data Center Containers
- 3D Look at Microsoft's Container Data Center (May 1)
- Microsoft's 198 Megawatts of Motivation
- A Look at Microsoft's Data Center Construction (May 23)
New wind-powered container-based
data lab in Boulder, Colorado
Page 81 of 49

- Microsoft To Release Best Practices on Energy
- Microsoft Unveils Wind-Powered Containers - Apr 18, 2008
- Red Dog: Microsoft's Developer Cloud Platform - Apr 09, 2008
Page 82 of 49

Google • October 2007 Google received a patent from the USPTO for the
concept of a "mobile datacenter" stored in a standard shipping container and equipped with
multiple racks of high-powered servers with its own internal cooling system
• Originally filed in Dec. 2003, by Google employees William H.
Whitted and Gerald Aigner
• Sun’s Blackbox consists of a single mobile data center, Google's
idea is for "at least one modular computing module" with "an interconnecting module to
interconnect a plurality of the modular computing modules"
• According to Robert Cringely, the idea wasn't new and wasn't
even Google's, backing up his claim with a link to an Internet-Archive-in-a-Shipping-
Container presentation (PDF, dated 11-8-2003) that was reportedly pitched to Larry Page
• Patent covers a method for deployment that includes building one
module within a ready-to-ship container, shipment via a transport infrastructure, several
computing systems mounting within the container and transporting the container to a new site
via the infrastructure
Emerson Launches
Container for Telcos
• Unveiled its Containerized Computing Solution, a modular
approach designed to help telecom companies deploy wireless and broadband services faster
and cheaper.
Page 83 of 49

• Positioned as a "central office in a box," a slight variation on the
recent "data center in a box" container-based solutions introduced by major vendors such as
Sun, Rackable and IBM.
• Components include embedded computing and DC power
conversion equipment, precision cooling units, power transfer switches, server racks and
enclosures.
• The containers feature Emerson's ATCA blade servers housed in
a Knurr server cabinet, with power and cooling infrastructure from Liebert.
• The new products are designed to help wireless companies
expand their networks or quickly replace network infrastructure damaged in a disaster such as
a tornado or hurricane.
• The FCC recently began requiring telecom and wireless companies
to provide backup power for cell sites and remote telecom facilities. The new measures
were prompted by an FCC review of telecom outages in the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina.
Video
Page 84 of 49

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