art and culture in the Iberian Peninsula

1. ART AND CULTURE IN
THE MIDDLE AGE
THE IBERIAN PENINSULA
Muslim, Romanesque and Gothic Art.

2. What kind of artwork?
Why are there no people in it?
2
THE MUSLIM ART: AL ANDALUS

3. THE ART AND CULTURE IN AL
ANDALUS

4. THE ART AND CULTURE IN AL
ANDALUS

6. Great Mosque of Córdoba

7. The mosque was built
between the 9th and 10th
century, during the
Caliphate
Horseshoe
arch
Marble columns
And capitals.
Arco doble
“de entibo”

8. Alcazaba de Badajoz
(Military architecture, 12th cent.)
Square
Towers.

9. Giralda
XII century

10. ALHAMBRA, GRANADA (XIV-XV century)

11. La Alhambra
(14th and 15th century)

12. CHRISTIAN CULTURE AND
ART
The Romanesque Age (11th-13 cent.)
The Gothic Age (13th-15th century)

13. Lenguas romances
In the 10th
Century,
Romances
Languages
Substitute
Latin.
Latin was only
preserved
as an official
Language in
the Church
and universities.

14. CULTURE INTERACTION
The Reconquest led to the
presence of Jews, Muslims and
Christians in the same kingdoms.
Cultural interaction between 11th
and 13th century between the
three cultures was common.

15. The Romanesque style:
• Beginning in Cataluña (11th century)
– Little rural churches and monasteries:
Sta. María de Ripoll, san Pedro de Roda
• The way of Saint James (12th century)
– Cathedrals and pilgrimage churches.
Frómista, Jaca, Santiago, Isidoro de León, Silos
• The Late Romanesque of Duero (12-13th)
– The Romanesque art in the south:
Salamanca, Zamora, Toro…

16. A) THE BEGINNING: CATALUÑA
S. Pedro de Roda (1040)
The age of
monasteries:
One of the
oldest buildings
In
Romanesque
style.

17. SANTA MARÍA DE RIPOLL (11th cent.)
It became
an important
Cultural centre
In the XI century
Lot of works were
Translated from
Arab to latin.
It became the main
Cross point betwee
Europe and Al
Andalus.

18. B) THE WAY OF SAINT
JAMES
ARAGÓN Y NAVARRA: CATHEDRAL OF
JACA
Capital, with King David
playing music.

19. Monastery of Leyre
Apses

20. Santiago
de Compostela
The Romanesque
Cathedral was started in
1075 and finished
in the 12th century.
It`s cross-shaped,
With three naves and
ambulatory.
triforio

21. Sto. Domingo de Silos
Cloister (beginning 12th century)

22. Sto. Domingo de Silos
Capitals
Columns
Base
Taqueado
jaqués

23. San Isodoro de León
Arco
peraltado
Arco
lobulado
Barrel
vault
Bóveda
De arista

24. San Isodoro de León
Panteón real: wall paintings
(pintura al fresco).

25. San Martín de Frómista
Triple apse
transept
canecillos

26. C) ROMÁNICO DEL DUERO
Cathedral of Zamora (12th)
Zamora is the first of the so called “Cimborrios del Duero”
Bell
tower
transept

27. Colegiata de Toro
Cimborrio
or transept
highly
decorated

28. Colegiata de Toro
Transept
(inside)
semicircular
Dome
“cúpula
de media
naranja”
(French-
Byzantine
Influence)

29. Salamanca (12-13th c.)
Bizantine and muslim
Influence (dome and
decoration)
“Agallas”

30. ROMANESQUE IN EXTREMADURA:
PLASENCIA CATHEDRAL (13-14th century)

31. The Way of Saint James

32. CULTURE AND ART IN
THE LATE MIDDLE
AGES
What do we remember from
Gothic style?

33. Late Middle age: the rise of a new
culture.
Culture is not only
Religious and rural
any longer:
It is urban and civil,
And with new goals
Library from the University
Of Salamanca (1215)

34. Gothic style
• Cister style (12th-13th cent):
- Cister monasteries (Piedra, Oseira)
• Classic Gothic (age of cathedrals) (13-14th cent.)
– Castilla: León, Toledo.
- Aragón: Barcelona, Mallorca.
• Late Gothic (15-16th cent.) (Flemish and isabeline
style)
– Civil buildings: castles, palaces and lonjas (stocking
exchange), townhalls…
– Cathedrals: Sevilla, Burgos, Salamanca…

35. Gothic style: Cister
Monasterio de Piedra: Cloister
It is a very austere monastery
style, mixing Romanesque
And Gothic elements.
Ribbed vault
“nervios”
“clave”
Pointed arch Butresses
No decoration

36. Císter. OSEIRA: GIROLA / AMBULATORY (13th cent.)
No decoration
Bare walls
Simple capitals
Roman and
Pointed archs.

37. GOTHIC 13-14th cent.
Religious buildings
• Castilla Cathedrals
León
Burgos
(14th-15th c.)
(flemish/
flamboyant)
Toledo
(13th century)
Built under
French influence
(rose windows,
pinnacles, flying
buttresses…)
“Agujas”
Spires

38. GOTHIC (13th-14th cent)
Religious buildings
• Aragón Cathedrals
Cathedral of Palma de Mallorca
Santa María del Mar:
Wide, high and very austere.

39. GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE
Cathedral of Sevilla
(15 th cent., Flemish)

40. GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE
• Military architecture
Manzanares El Real
Castillo de Peñafiel
Torre de los
Púlpitos
(Cáceres,
15th cent.)
Segovia

41. Castillo de la mota,
Medina del Campo (Valladolid)
matacanes
Arrow
Split
(saetera)
gate
Merlons (almenas)
Keep
(torre de homenaje)

42. Gothic architecture
Civil architecture (Aragón)
Lonja of Valencia
Palacio de la Generalitat
(Barcelona)
Big commercial cities like Barcelona
or Valencia will create civil
Buildings for trade and government.

43. Late Gothic Style
ISABELINE STYLE (15th c.)
Palacio del
Infantado
(15th century)
Isabeline style
Decoration is abundant,
And sometimes it is done in such
a small scale that seems the
Work of goldsmiths.
Arcos flamígeros
Diamond
decoration
Flamígero o conopial
Escarzano o rebajado

44. Late Gothic Style
ISABELINE STYLE (15th c.)
Palacio del Infantado
(15th century)
Isabeline style
Decoration is abundant,
And sometimes it is done in such
a small scale that seems the
Work of goldsmiths.
Casa de las Conchas
(Salamanca)

45. Isabeline style (15th cent.)
San Gregorio
San Pablo
Arco
flamígero
Coat
Of arms
“goldsmith”
decoration

46. Bóveda estrellada (Santiago, Cáceres, siglo XVI)
Nervios
Claves

47. GOTHIC IN EXTREMADURA:
MUDÉJAR – GUADALUPE MONASTERY (Muslim influence)
Pointed
Horseshoe
arch
Brick, plaster
Geometrical
decoration
Cloister, 1405

48. PAINTING
Cantigas de Alfonso X
Miniaturas de libros.
Fernando Gallego: pintura flamígera.

49. SCULPTURE
Tomb of Martín Vázquez in the cathedral of Sigüenza

50. - Matacanes
- Arco de dovela
- Arco apuntado
- Arco de medio punto
- Arco flamígero.
- Arco rebajado/escarzano
- Doble arco de herradura
- Alfiz
- Espadaña
- Coat of arms.
- Gargoyles.
- Buttresses.
- Pinnacles.
- Rose windows
- Canecillos.
- Balcón esquinado
- Almohadillado