SlideShare ist ein Scribd-Unternehmen logo
1 von 10
Downloaden Sie, um offline zu lesen
Evaluating the Efficacy of Different Platelet-Rich Plasma
Regimens for Management of Androgenetic Alopecia: A
Single-Center, Blinded, Randomized Clinical Trial
Amelia K. Hausauer, MD*†
and Derek H. Jones, MD†‡
BACKGROUND Studies suggest platelet-rich plasma (PRP) may mitigate androgenetic alopecia (AGA), but
each varies in the frequency of and interval between treatments.
OBJECTIVE To compare the efficacy, satisfaction, tolerability, and safety of 2 initial PRP injection protocols
over 6 months.
METHODS Prospective, randomized, single-blinded trial among 40 patients with moderate AGA. Partic-
ipants received subdermal PRP injections according to 1 of 2 treatment protocols: 3 monthly sessions with
booster 3 months later (Group 1) or 2 sessions every 3 months (Group 2). Folliscope hair count and shaft
caliber, global photography, and patient satisfaction questionnaires were obtained at baseline, 3 months,
and 6 months.
RESULTS At 6 months, both groups demonstrated statistically significant increases in hair count (p < .001).
These improvements occurred more rapidly and more profoundly for Group 1 (mean percent change: Group 1,
29.6 6 13.6 vs Group 2, 7.2 6 10.4; p < .001). Shaft caliber also increased significantly with no difference
between groups. Treatments produced high satisfaction (82% “satisfied” or “highly satisfied”) and were safe
and well tolerated (mean pain score 2.1).
CONCLUSION Subdermal PRP injections are an efficacious and tolerable therapy among men and women
with AGA. The benefits may be greater if first administered monthly. Clinicians should consider these findings
when designing treatment plans.
Eclipse Aesthetics, LLC provided funding for this study. The authors have indicated no significant interest with
commercial supporters.
Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is the most common
form of hair loss, affecting up to 50% of men and
21 million women in the United States alone.1
Irrespective of sex, balding is known to influence social
interactions and cause substantial emotional distress.2
Topical minoxidil and oral finasteride, a selective 5
alpha-reductase inhibitor, are currently the only Food
and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved therapies
for AGA in men, and oral antiandrogens are used off-
label in women.3–5
Both demonstrate the greatest
reduction in hair loss and smaller percentage of hair
growth after 4 plus months of daily use.6–8
However,
response to minoxidil varies from 20% to 40% with
most of the patients on monotherapy progressing
despite ongoing therapy, and these beneficial effects do
not last on discontinuation.9
Clinical trial data and off-
label experience suggest that dutasteride, a nonselective
5 alpha-reductase inhibitor FDA-approved for benign
prostatic hypertrophy, may be as or more efficacious
than conventional therapies.10
Hair restoration surgery
isamorepermanentoption,11,12
yetformany,thecostis
prohibitive. According to The Washington Post, in
total, nearly 3.5 billion dollars is spent annually on hair
loss therapies with varying degrees of success;13
so,
there is a need for effective, scientifically sound
alternatives.
*Aesthetx, Campbell, California; †
Skin Care and Laser Physicians of Beverly Hills, Los Angeles, California; ‡
Department
of Dermatology, University of California, Los Angeles, California
© 2018 by the American Society for Dermatologic Surgery, Inc. Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.
ISSN: 1076-0512 ·Dermatol Surg 2018;44:1191–1200 ·DOI: 10.1097/DSS.0000000000001567
1191
© 201 by the American Society for Dermatologic Surgery, Inc. Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. Unauthorized reproduction of this article is prohibited.8
The injection of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) as an autol-
ogous therapy has garnered increasing interest across
a wide variety of medical specialties. Originally indi-
cated to enhance connective tissue regeneration in
orthopedics, PRP has been applied more recently to
dermatologic conditions because of its ability to stimu-
late fibroblast proliferation, induce collagen and elastin
production, and improve the quantity and quality of the
extracellular matrix.14,15
Studies in mice suggest that
these matrix changes result from increased pro-
stimulatory cytokines, such as vascular endothelial
growth factor (VEGF), platelet-derived growth factor
(PDGF), and transforming growth factor beta
(TGFb).16
Considering the fact that these signaling
cascades are also critical in regulating the hair growth
cycle, PRP has emerged as a potential management of
AGA.17,18
Several recently published articles demon-
strate efficacy in treating patterned baldness,19–21
but
each varies in the treatment protocol, and there are no
evidence-based data guiding frequency of and/or inter-
val between injection sessions. The authors conducted
a prospective, randomized, single-blinded pilot trial to
investigate the most beneficial number and timing
(“protocol”) of PRPtreatmentsamongmenandwomen
with AGA. The objectives of this study were to compare
the efficacy, satisfaction, tolerability, and safety of 2
different initial PRP protocols over 6 months and
determine which was superior when starting therapy.
Materials and Methods
Study Design
After receiving institutional review board/ethics com-
mitteeapproval,theauthorsenrolled40maleandfemale
participants from a private practice in Los Angeles, CA.
Twenty were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 different
treatment groups: 3 monthly sessions with a booster 3
months later (total 4 treatments; Group 1) versus 2 ses-
sions every 3 months (total 2 treatments; Group 2).
Participants
Forty healthy men and women aged 18 to 60 years
with AGA, disease stages Norwood-Hamilton II–V
and Ludwig I2–II1, respectively, were recruited
between November 2016 and January 2017.
Exclusion criteria included: diagnosis of non-AGA
hair loss; active skin disease, infection, cuts, or abra-
sions on the scalp; history of surgical hair restoration;
current or recent malignancy, excluding non-scalp
nonmelanoma or melanoma skin cancers, as well as
current or recent chemotherapy or radiation treat-
ments; history of thyroid dysfunction, autoimmune
disorder that might interfere or increase the risks
associated with the treatment, or blood-borne infec-
tion (i.e., human immunodeficiency virus [HIV], hep-
atitis B virus, and hepatitis C virus); tendency to
develop keloids; anticoagulant therapy, except for
aspirin, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, or
vitamin E if discontinued 7 to 14 days before each
session; hematologic or coagulation disorder (i.e.,
platelet dysfunction syndrome, thrombocytopenia
<150,000 platelets/mL, hypofibrinogenemia); or cur-
rent or anticipated pregnancy and/or breastfeeding.
Subjects whose hair had been clinically stable on FDA-
approved AGA therapies—topical minoxidil and/or
oral finasteride—for 12 months were allowed to par-
ticipate without changing their regimens because in
practice, PRP is often used in conjunction with other
available therapies, as these agents have different
mechanisms of action so may have synergistic effects,
and because discontinuing such medications could
result in telogen effluvium several months into the
study, thereby altering results. Use of other products,
devices, or medications intended to promote hair
growth was prohibited. There was a 90-day washout
period for antiandrogen therapies.
To ensure adherence to the above, participants
underwent thorough screening history and physical
examination. Hair pull test detected abnormal shed-
ding, as seen in telogen effluvium. Laboratory testing
included factors that may affect and/or explain hair
loss (thyroid stimulating hormone, ferritin level);
serologies for important blood-borne infections; risk
factors for increased bleeding (platelet count); and
pregnancy testing.
Interventions/Preparation of Intervention
The authors randomized eligible participants in a 1:1
ratio to 2 treatment protocols: Group 1 received 4 total
injections, the first 3 at monthly intervals and the last 3
D I F F E R E N T P R P R E G I M E N S F O R A G A
D E R M A T O L O G I C S U R G E R Y1192
© 201 by the American Society for Dermatologic Surgery, Inc. Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. Unauthorized reproduction of this article is prohibited.8
months later, whereas Group 2 received 2 total injec-
tions, one at baseline and one at 3 months.
Platelet-rich plasma preparation involved EclipsePRP
kits (Eclipse Aesthetics LLC, Dallas, TX), collecting 22
mL of peripheral blood, which was centrifuged at
3,500 revolutions per minute for 10 minutes. This
process separates blood products according to their
specific densities. The proprietary gel plug removes
99.9% of erythrocytes and 92% of leukocytes.22,23
Approximately 50% of resulting supernatant is
removed (platelet-poor plasma), and the tube is gently
agitated to resuspend all platelets in the remaining
smaller volume of plasma. The final yield generally
ranges from 4 to 6 mL of PRP at roughly 4 to 6 times
the platelet concentration of whole blood. Platelet-rich
plasma was injected in 0.2 to 0.5 mL aliquots sub-
dermally using a 32-gauge, half-inch needle every 2 to
3 cm at balding areas. At each appointment, partic-
ipants had the option to use topical lidocaine 23%/
tetracaine 7% ointment for anesthesia at the region of
injections.
Assessment Criteria and Post-treatment
Data Collection
During screening, the authors obtained baseline
magnified (Folliscope 2.8; Anagen Corp., Seoul,
Korea) and global (Hair MetrixSM/Canon Rebel T6i;
Canfield Scientific Inc., Parsippany, NJ) photographs
from which mean hair count (hairs/cm2), shaft caliber
(microns, mm), and Norwood–Hamilton or Ludwig
scale were determined. A single representative point at
the leading edge of an actively balding region was
selected and used for all folliscope images throughout
the duration of the trial. Precise measurements
obtained between this point and the glabella and
bilateral canthi (triangulation, specifically: lines mea-
sured obliquely from the lateral canthi to the evalua-
tion point and one line measured from the midway
TABLE 1. Baseline Characteristics of Patients Treated With Platelet-Rich Plasma
Demographics All (n = 39) Group 1 (n = 20) Group 2 (n = 19)
Sex, n (%)
Male 29 (74.4) 17 (85.0) 12 (63.2)
Female 10 (25.6) 3 (15.0) 7 (36.8)
Mean age (yr) 43.75 40.1 46.85
Race/ethnicity, n (%)
Non-Hispanic White/Caucasian 29 (74.4) 16 (80.0) 13 (68.4)
Hispanic 3 (7.6) 1 (5.0) 2 (10.5)
Black 1 (2.6) 0 1 (5.3)
Asian/Pacific Islander 1 (2.6) 1 (5.0) 0
Middle Eastern/Persian 4 (10.2) 2 (10.0) 2 (10.5)
Other 1 (2.6) 0 1 (5.3)
Mean duration of hair loss (yr) 6.45 6.15 6.75
Less than 6 years, n (%) 17 (43.6) 9 (45.0) 8 (42.1)
More than 6 years, n (%) 22 (56.4) 11 (55.0) 11 (57.9)
Hair loss therapy, n (%)
Previous finasteride 15 (38.5) 10 (50.0) 5 (26.2)
Current finasteride 8 (20.5) 4 (20.0) 4 (21.1)
Previous minoxidil 17 (43.6) 9 (45.0) 8 (42.1)
Current minoxidil 10 (25.6) 6 (30.0) 4 (21.1)
Other 11 (28.2) 3 (15.0) 8 (42.1)
Pattern, n (%)
Temporal 9 (23.0) 5 (25.0) 4 (21.1)
Vertex 7 (18.0) 4 (20.0) 3 (15.8)
Temporal and vertex 13 (33.3) 8 (40.0) 5 (26.2)
Central part 7 (18.0) 3 (15.0) 4 (21.1)
Central part and temples 3 (7.7) 0 3 (15.8)
H A U S A U E R A N D J O N E S
4 4 : 9 : S E P T E M B E R 2 0 1 8 1193
© 201 by the American Society for Dermatologic Surgery, Inc. Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. Unauthorized reproduction of this article is prohibited.8
point on a line drawn between the medial canthi to the
evaluation point) were recorded in the study docu-
ments and allowed for consistent, reproducible iden-
tification of the imaging site at each evaluation
appointment. The authors did not tattoo this location
because permanent, invasive markings might dis-
courage enrollment and thus, decrease the study’s
generalizability. Folliscope and global photography
were repeated at 3- and 6-month status after first PRP
treatment. All data collection, including determina-
tion of hair counts and caliber as well as overall
severity ratings, were performed in batches without
consulting previous images or numbers to ensure
better blinding and more objective results.
Subjects also completed satisfaction and outcome
questionnaires at 3 and 6 months, rating satisfaction
on a 4-point scale (3 = highly satisfied, 2 = satisfied, 1 =
dissatisfied, and 0 = highly dissatisfied). Safety and
tolerability data were collected during each appoint-
ment. After all treatments, participants assigned a pain
score on the verified 0-point visual analogue scale.
Statistical Assessment
Statistical analyses were performed in Python using
libraries scipy (version 0.19.0), statsmodels (v0.8.0),
and seaborn (v0.7.1). To assess changes in mean hair
count and caliber over time, the authors applied Stu-
dent t-test or Wilcoxon signed-rank test, if data were
not normally distributed. The authors evaluated the
relationship between mean percent change in hair
count and duration, age, and sex using linear and
logistic regression modeling. Other analyses included
descriptive statistics (percent, absolute, and relative
frequencies) for categorical and ordinal variables such
as satisfaction and safety data as well as analysis of
variance (mixed model for repeated measures) testing
for quality of life metrics.
Results
Forty patients, 20 per group, enrolled in this study,
including 30 men and 10 women, of which 39 com-
pleted the protocol (20 in Group 1 and 19 in Group 2).
One man withdrew after his first treatment for unre-
lated personal reasons. Table 1 summarizes baseline
characteristics of all subjects. Mean age at enrollment
was 43.75 years and similar between groups (p = .69).
Hair Counts
Mean baseline hair counts were similar between the 2
groups (p = .37). Only Group 1 demonstrated statis-
tically significant increases at 3 months (Group 1,
p < .001; Group 2, p = .23). By 6 months, both ach-
ieved statistical significance relative to baseline
(p < .001). However, when comparing absolute and
percent change between groups, the Group 1 protocol
yielded superior results and was statistically
TABLE 2. Hair Count Parameters for 2 Treatment Protocols at Baseline, 3 Months, and 6 Months
Group
Count (hairs/cm2), Mean 6 SD Change Between Groups, Mean 6 SD
Baseline 3 mo p 6 mo p Absolute (hairs/cm2) Percent (%)
1 160.4 6 36.9 183.5 6 40.9 <.001 207.1 6 49.5 <.001 46.7 6 23.5 29.6 6 13.6
2 177.6 6 62.0 181.1 6 65.1 .23 190.6 6 66.9 .009 13.1 6 19.3 7.2 6 10.4
p < .001 p < .001
Figure 1. Change in hair counts over 6 months.
D I F F E R E N T P R P R E G I M E N S F O R A G A
D E R M A T O L O G I C S U R G E R Y1194
© 201 by the American Society for Dermatologic Surgery, Inc. Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. Unauthorized reproduction of this article is prohibited.8
significantly better than that of Group 2 (mean percent
change: Group 1, 29.6 6 13.6 vs Group 2, 7.2 6 10.4;
p < .001; Table 2, Figures 1 and 2).
Using linear regression to evaluate important variables
potentially associated with response to PRP, the
authors found no difference in the increases seen
among men and women (p = .78). Longer duration of
AGA correlated with lower mean percent change in
hair count, particularly for Group 1 (Figure 3). There
was a trend toward smaller change with increasing
age, although the confidence intervals were wide.
“Being in Group 1” was the only statistically signifi-
cant variable predicting a mean percent change >20%
in a multivariable logistic regression controlling for
age, AGA duration, and sex (p < .001).
Hair Shaft Caliber
Statistically significantly increased mean hair shaft
caliber was evident at 3 and 6 months irrespective of
group (p < .001). At the study end point, there was no
Figure 2. Global photography of representative patients from Group 1 at (A) baseline and (B) 6 months as well as from
Group 2 at (C) baseline and (D) 6 months.
H A U S A U E R A N D J O N E S
4 4 : 9 : S E P T E M B E R 2 0 1 8 1195
© 201 by the American Society for Dermatologic Surgery, Inc. Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. Unauthorized reproduction of this article is prohibited.8
significant difference in absolute or percent change
between the treatment protocols (absolute change,
p = .59 and percent change, p = .36, respectively; Table
3 and Figure 4).
Satisfaction
Mean satisfaction score across the entire study period
was 2.3 (Group 1, 2.5; Group 2, 2.1). At 6 months,
82% of participants reported being “satisfied” or
“highly satisfied” (Table 4). The majority would
continue therapy or recommend it to others. Larger
changes in mean hair count did correlate with higher
satisfaction ratings among both groups. This trend
appeared during the first 3 months of treatment, and
then persisted (p = .02). Of note, those in Group 1 were
more likely to report the highest scores.
Tolerability and Safety
Although just under a third of subjects reported asso-
ciated pain or discomfort, 74.4% rated the procedure
as “tolerable” with a mean pain score of 2.1 (Table 5).
All adverse events were mild as outlined in Table 6.
Discussion
Androgenetic alopecia affects a substantial portion of
the population; yet, there are few scientifically proven
therapies. This prospective, randomized, controlled
trial is the first to directly compare different initial PRP
treatment protocols in the hopes of optimizing out-
comes. The authors demonstrated that PRP positively
affects hair parameters and mitigates changes associ-
ated with patterned hair loss, regardless of the 2
Figure 3. Correlation between change in hair count and duration of androgenetic alopecia.
TABLE 3. Hair Shaft Caliber Parameters for 2 Treatment Protocols at Baseline, 3 Months, and 6 Months
Group
Caliber (mm), Mean 6 SD Change Between Groups, Mean 6 SD
Baseline 3 mo p 6 mo p Absolute (mm) Percent (%)
1 54.5 6 9.3 64.7 6 6.8 <.001 70.5 6 8.5 <.001 16.0 6 7.3 31.1 6 17.2
2 57.5 6 10.7 65.2 6 10.4 <.001 72.3 6 10.6 <.001 14.8 6 5.9 26.7 6 11.8
p = .59 p = .36
D I F F E R E N T P R P R E G I M E N S F O R A G A
D E R M A T O L O G I C S U R G E R Y1196
© 201 by the American Society for Dermatologic Surgery, Inc. Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. Unauthorized reproduction of this article is prohibited.8
injection regimens. However, when initiating therapy,
monthly treatments transitioning to every 3 months
provide greater increases in hair regrowth than ses-
sions every 3 months only. The 2 protocols thickened
hair shafts similarly.
Although both groups showed statistically significant
improvements in hair count at 6 months, changes were
evident earlier and more clinically relevant among
Group 1 who had a mean 30% increase compared
with Group 2 (7% increase). The human eye cannot
reliably detect a 7% overall difference in the number of
hairs, a fact that may at least partially explain why
subjects in Group 1 were more likely to report the
highest levels of satisfaction. Multivariate analysis
controlled for sex, age, and disease duration further
confirmed that “being in Group 1” predicted a greater
response.
Premature transition from anagen to telogen and
follicular miniaturization are hallmarks of androge-
netic hair loss resulting from altered expression of
growth factors. Hair cycling and growth depends on
intricate signaling between mesenchymal-derived
dermal papilla cells and multipotent stem cells in the
follicular bulge region. Studies indicate that increasing
Wnt/beta-catenin, sonic hedgehog (Shh), and signal
transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3)
pathways while downregulating bone morphogenetic
protein signaling is critical for transition of hair fol-
licles from telogen to anagen.24–26
Circulating andro-
gens, particularly dihydrotestosterone, bind to
androgen receptors in the dermal papilla and suppress
pro-growth Wnt, Shh, and STAT3 signaling while
activating inhibitory cascades.25
The growth factors
found in PRP, including PDGF, TGFb, epidermal
Figure 4. Change in shaft caliber over 6 months.
TABLE 4. Patient-Reported Satisfaction
Metric, n (%) All (n = 39) Group 1 (n = 20) Group 2 (n = 19)
Satisfaction
Highly satisfied 16 (41.0) 11 (55.0) 5 (26.3)
Satisfied 16 (41.0) 6 (30.0) 10 (52.6)
Dissatisfied 5 (12.8) 2 (10.0) 3 (15.8)
Highly dissatisfied 2 (5.2) 1 (5.0) 1 (5.3)
Results
Y 28 (71.8) 15 (75.0) 13 (68.4)
N 6 (15.4) 2 (10.0) 4 (21.1)
Unsure/maybe 5 (12.8) 3 (15.0) 2 (10.5)
Recommend to others
Y 23 (59.0) 14 (70.0) 9 (47.4)
N 1 (2.6) 0 1 (5.3)
Maybe 15 (38.4) 6 (30.0) 9 (47.4)
Motivated to continue
Y 28 (71.8) 17 (85.0) 11 (57.9)
N 1 (2.6) 0 1 (5.3)
Maybe 10 (25.6) 3 (15.0) 7 (36.8)
H A U S A U E R A N D J O N E S
4 4 : 9 : S E P T E M B E R 2 0 1 8 1197
© 201 by the American Society for Dermatologic Surgery, Inc. Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. Unauthorized reproduction of this article is prohibited.8
growth factor (EGF), insulin-like growth factor-1
(IGF1), and VEGF, reinstate the necessary signaling
pathways and gene transcription that result in cell
survival, proliferation, and differentiation. They
stimulate telogen-to-anagen transition, prolong ana-
gen, and promote neoangiogenesis.27
Thicker shafts
may also occur due to neovascularization providing
better nutrient supply to existing follicular cells,28–31
decreases in perifollicular microinflammation,32
and
upregulation of antiapoptotic proteins in dermal
papilla cells.18,33
The authors’ discrepant findings in
hair count versus caliber suggest that it may require
a lower concentration of PRP-contained growth fac-
tors to thicken miniaturized hairs than to transition
into anagen phase and promote new growth. Folli-
scope photographs (Figure 5) show a progressively
pinker-colored scalp and support the role of enhanced
vascularization in the mechanisms driving PRP-
mediated hair restoration.
Although the authors’ study was not intended pri-
marily to determine clinical parameters predicting
response to PRP therapy, the authors did note some
important trends that warrant further investigation.
Improvement in hair counts depended on duration of
AGA. This relationship supports the authors’ clinical
experience: those noting hair loss for less than 5 to 6
years tend to respond more rapidly and profoundly.
Change in mean hair count by age was less straight-
forward, partially because age and duration of AGA
are often, but not always, collinear. There were
insufficient numbers to examine changes by race/eth-
nicity, current or past FDA-approved therapy, or
pattern of alopecia.
The authors’ results are in line with those from pre-
vious studies, reporting increases in hair density and/
or number of hairs among patients treated with
PRP.19,21,31,33,34
This body of literature is growing
quickly, but most studies are open-label or unblinded
using different treatment protocols that are difficult to
evaluate head-to-head. The authors sought to com-
pare 2 previously reported protocols in a rigorous
prospective, randomized, controlled design using
several practical outcome metrics.
Another strength of this study was the novel, sub-
dermal injection technique that has been used clini-
cally and described by Rapaport in a 2017
commentary piece but never tested rigorously to date.
This method allows for fewer, more widely spaced
injection points than the traditional nappage pro-
cedure (0.1 mL injected intradermally on a 1-cm grid)
because PRP can diffuse further once in the deeper,
subgaleal space. Anecdotally, several patients com-
mented on increased eyebrow growth, presumably
from diffusion within this potential space, which is
continuous with the frontalis down to the brow.
Subdermal injection also was safe and well tolerated,
with a mean pain score of approximately 2 on a 0 to 10
scale, although more than 80% declined topical
anesthetic. Of the 199 treatment sessions performed
for this trial, only during 4 did subjects rate a discom-
fort score of 5 or higher (3.4%). Half of these occurred
in a single patient whose pain dropped to 3 after
agreeing to use the optional anesthetic.
In addition, the authors’ study included both men and
women who responded similarly. This finding is
important because there are few data on PRP efficacy
among women. Many early reports investigated
treatment of male pattern hair loss only. Two recent
randomized controlled trials involving women had
conflicting results. Alves and Grimalt21
reported sta-
tistically significant increases in hair count irrespective
TABLE 5. Patient-Reported Tolerability Over 119
Treatment Sessions (n = 39)
Tolerability
Verbal classification, n (%)
Tolerable 29 (74.4)
Moderately comfortable 10 (25.6)
Clearly unpleasant 0
Score, 0–10 (mean, range) 2.1 (0.5–7)
TABLE 6. Treatment-Related Adverse Events
Occurring in >1% of Participants (n = 39)
Adverse Events n (%)
Pain/discomfort 12 (30.7)
Headache 5 (12.8)
Itching 8 (15.4)
Other 0
D I F F E R E N T P R P R E G I M E N S F O R A G A
D E R M A T O L O G I C S U R G E R Y1198
© 201 by the American Society for Dermatologic Surgery, Inc. Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. Unauthorized reproduction of this article is prohibited.8
of sex, whereas Puig and colleagues35
found perceived
but not actual improvements. The authors suspect that
the latter’s study protocol (single injection session only)
may be more responsible for their statistically null
results than the participants’ sex. Platelet-rich plasma is
an ongoing therapy that requires maintenance when
used for a chronic condition such as hair loss.
Despite these strengths, the authors’ analysis also had
several weaknesses. The sample size was small, albeit
one of the largest to date.33
The 6 month follow-up
period was short, given the slow rate of hair growth
(1.25 cm/mo), and does not capture long-term effects.
The authors continue to follow many of the patients
included in this analysis, and several have shown
substantial delayed improvements during the 6- to 12-
month period; however, those data are outside the
scope of this trial. The longest duration study moni-
tored subjects for 2 years with relapse noted at roughly
12 months.20
Others have seen fall-off after 3 months.
The authors’ goal was to investigate initial therapy; so,
the follow-up period was kept short.
Conclusion
Several studies document the efficacy of PRP in com-
bating AGA, but treatment frequencies and parame-
ters vary widely. The authors’ randomized, controlled
trial is the first to compare directly the efficacy of 2
starting injection protocols and the first to examine
rigorously a well-tolerated, safe subdermal injection
technique. Platelet-rich plasma showed biologic
activity in both groups. However, those receiving 3
monthly treatments with a 3-month booster had better
statistically and clinically significant outcomes with
substantial improvements in hair count and shaft
thickness. Future studies are necessary to fine-tune
preparation methods, determine optimal maintenance
schedule(s), and parse out clinical predictors of
efficacy.
References
1. Sinclair R. Male pattern androgenetic alopecia. BMJ 1998;317:865–9.
2. Cash TF. The psychological effects of androgenetic alopecia in men. J
Am Acad Dermatol 1992;26:926–31.
3. Kaufman KD, Olsen EA, Whiting D, Savin R, et al. Finasteride in the
treatment of men with androgenetic alopecia. Finasteride Male Pattern
Hair Loss Study Group. J Am Acad Dermatol 1998;39:578–89.
4. Olsen EA, Dunlap FE, Funicella T, Koperski JA, et al. A randomized
clinical trial of 5% topical minoxidil versus 2% topical minoxidil and
placebo in the treatment of androgenetic alopecia in men. J Am Acad
Dermatol 2002;47:377–85.
5. Ryu HK, Kim KM, Yoo EA, Sim WY, et al. Evaluation of androgens in
the scalp hair and plasma of patients with male-pattern baldness before
and after finasteride administration. Br J Dermatol 2006;154:730–4.
6. Tosti A, Duque-Estrada B. Treatment strategies for alopecia. Expert
Opin Pharmacother 2009;10:1017–26.
7. Messenger AG, Rundegren J. Minoxidil: mechanisms of action on hair
growth. Br J Dermatol 2004;150:186–94.
8. Mella JM, Perret MC, Manzotti M, Catalano HN, et al. Efficacy and
safety of finasteride therapy for androgenetic alopecia: a systematic
review. Arch Dermatol 2010;146:1141–50.
9. Schweiger ES, Boychenko O, Bernstein RM. Update on the
pathogenesis, genetics and medical treatment of patterned hair loss. J
Drugs Dermatol 2010;9:1412–9.
10. Olsen EA, Hordinsky M, Whiting D, Stough D, et al. The importance of
dual 5alpha-reductase inhibition in the treatment of male pattern hair
loss: results of a randomized placebo-controlled study of dutasteride
versus finasteride. J Am Acad Dermatol 2006;55:1014–23.
11. Rassman WR, Bernstein RM, McClellan R, Jones R, et al. Follicular
unit extraction: minimally invasive surgery for hair transplantation.
Dermatol Surg 2002;28:720–8.
12. Bernstein RM, Rassman WR. The logic of follicular unit
transplantation. Dermatol Clin 1999;17:277–95, viii; discussion 96.
13. Hair loss treatment. 2010. Available from: http://www.
americanhairloss.org/hair_loss_treatment/. Accessed September 15,
2017.
Figure 5. Folliscope images from a patient in Group 1 at (A) baseline and (B) 6 months with 33.1% increase in hair count and
29.4% increase in hair caliber.
H A U S A U E R A N D J O N E S
4 4 : 9 : S E P T E M B E R 2 0 1 8 1199
© 201 by the American Society for Dermatologic Surgery, Inc. Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. Unauthorized reproduction of this article is prohibited.8
14. Redaelli A, Romano D, Marciano A. Face and neck revitalization with
platelet-rich plasma (PRP): clinical outcome in a series of 23
consecutively treated patients. J Drugs Dermatol 2010;9:466–72.
15. Goisis M, Stella E, Di Petrillo A. Malar area. In: Goisis M, editor.
Injections in Aesthetic Medicine: Atlas of Full-face and Full-body
Treatment. Milan, Italy: Springer Milan; 2014.
16. Cho JM, Lee YH, Baek RM, Lee SW. Effect of platelet-rich plasma on
ultraviolet b-induced skin wrinkles in nude mice. J Plast Reconstr
Aesthet Surg 2011;64:e31–9.
17. Uebel CO, da Silva JB, Cantarelli D, Martins P. The role of platelet
plasma growth factors in male pattern baldness surgery. Plast Reconstr
Surg 2006;118:1458–66; discussion 67.
18. Li ZJ, Choi HI, Choi DK, Sohn KC, et al. Autologous platelet-rich
plasma: a potential therapeutic tool for promoting hair growth.
Dermatol Surg 2012;38:1040–6.
19. Gkini MA, Kouskoukis AE, Tripsianis G, Rigopoulos D, et al. Study of
platelet-rich plasma injections in the treatment of androgenetic alopecia
through an one-year period. J Cutan Aesthet Surg 2014;7:213–9.
20. Gentile P, Garcovich S, Bielli A, Scioli MG, et al. The effect of platelet-
rich plasma in hair regrowth: a randomized placebo-controlled trial.
Stem Cells Transl Med 2015;4:1317–23.
21. Alves R, Grimalt R. Randomized placebo-controlled, double-blind,
half-head study to assess the efficacy of platelet-rich plasma on the
treatment of androgenetic alopecia. Dermatol Surg 2016;42:491–7.
22. Kushida S, Kakudo N, Morimoto N, Hara T, et al. Platelet and growth
factor concentrations in activated platelet-rich plasma: a comparison of
seven commercial separation systems. J Artif Organs 2014;17:186–92.
23. Eclipse PRP Sales Sheet. The Colony, TX: Eclipse Aesthetics, LLC; 2016.
24. Reddy S, Andl T, Bagasra A, Lu MM, et al. Characterization of Wnt
gene expression in developing and postnatal hair follicles and
identification of Wnt5a as a target of Sonic hedgehog in hair follicle
morphogenesis. Mech Dev 2001;107:69–82.
25. Plikus MV, Mayer JA, de la Cruz D, Baker RE, et al. Cyclic dermal
BMP signalling regulates stem cell activation during hair regeneration.
Nature 2008;451:340–4.
26. Chen D, Jarrell A, Guo C, Lang R, et al. Dermal beta-catenin activity in
response to epidermal Wnt ligands is required for fibroblast
proliferation and hair follicle initiation. Development 2012;139:
1522–33.
27. Gupta AK, Carviel J. A mechanistic model of platelet-rich plasma
treatment for androgenetic alopecia. Dermatol Surg 2016;42:1335–9.
28. Kang JS, Zheng Z, Choi MJ, Lee SH, et al. The effect of CD34+ cell-
containing autologous platelet-rich plasma injection on pattern hair
loss: a preliminary study. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2014;28:
72–9.
29. Takikawa M, Nakamura S, Nakamura S, Ishirara M, et al. Enhanced
effect of platelet-rich plasma containing a new carrier on hair growth.
Dermatol Surg 2011;37:1721–9.
30. Mecklenburg L, Tobin DJ, Muller-Rover S, Handjiski B, et al. Active
hair growth (anagen) is associated with angiogenesis. J Invest Dermatol
2000;114:909–16.
31. Cervelli V, Garcovich S, Bielli A, Cervelli G, et al. The effect of
autologous activated platelet rich plasma (AA-PRP) injection on pattern
hair loss: clinical and histomorphometric evaluation. Biomed Res Int
2014;2014:760709.
32. El-Sharkawy H, Kantarci A, Deady J, Hasturk H, et al. Platelet-rich
plasma: growth factors and pro- and anti-inflammatory properties. J
Periodontol 2007;78:661–9.
33. Maria-Angeliki G, Alexandros-Efstratios K, Dimitris R, Konstantinos
K. Platelet-rich plasma as a potential treatment for noncicatricial
alopecias. Int J Trichology 2015;7:54–63.
34. Schiavone G, Raskovic D, Greco J, Abeni D. Platelet-rich plasma for
androgenetic alopecia: a pilot study. Dermatol Surg 2014;40:1010–9.
35. Puig CJ, Reese R, Peters M. Double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot
study on the use of platelet-rich plasma in women with female
androgenetic alopecia. Dermatol Surg 2016;42:1243–7.
Address correspondence and reprint requests to: Amelia K.
Hausauer, MD, 3803 South Bascom Avenue, Suite 100,
Campbell, CA 95008 or e-mail: drh@aesthetx.com
D I F F E R E N T P R P R E G I M E N S F O R A G A
D E R M A T O L O G I C S U R G E R Y1200
© 201 by the American Society for Dermatologic Surgery, Inc. Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. Unauthorized reproduction of this article is prohibited.8

Weitere ähnliche Inhalte

Was ist angesagt?

Intravenous iron in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis
Intravenous iron in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysisIntravenous iron in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis
Intravenous iron in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysisChetan Ganteppanavar
 
Predicting effects of atomoxetine and citalopram in Parkinson's disease
Predicting effects of atomoxetine and citalopram in Parkinson's diseasePredicting effects of atomoxetine and citalopram in Parkinson's disease
Predicting effects of atomoxetine and citalopram in Parkinson's diseaseZheng Ye
 
Thyroid function testing in hypothyroidism
Thyroid function testing in hypothyroidismThyroid function testing in hypothyroidism
Thyroid function testing in hypothyroidismDr Karthik Balachandran
 
Chronic kidney disease how a deeper understanding of the disease is impacting...
Chronic kidney disease how a deeper understanding of the disease is impacting...Chronic kidney disease how a deeper understanding of the disease is impacting...
Chronic kidney disease how a deeper understanding of the disease is impacting...Medpace
 
Overview of Hormone Replacement Therapy(HRT)
Overview of Hormone Replacement Therapy(HRT)Overview of Hormone Replacement Therapy(HRT)
Overview of Hormone Replacement Therapy(HRT)HSK College of Pharmacy
 
Art 923 rev-c-updating investor presentation on valeritas website_final_12.05.16
Art 923 rev-c-updating investor presentation on valeritas website_final_12.05.16Art 923 rev-c-updating investor presentation on valeritas website_final_12.05.16
Art 923 rev-c-updating investor presentation on valeritas website_final_12.05.16valeritasir
 
High Risk Smoldering Myeloma
High Risk Smoldering MyelomaHigh Risk Smoldering Myeloma
High Risk Smoldering Myelomaspa718
 
Giải pháp cho người bị hói
Giải pháp cho người bị hóiGiải pháp cho người bị hói
Giải pháp cho người bị hóihieusach-kimnhung
 
Galena presentation 11 jan 17
Galena presentation   11 jan 17Galena presentation   11 jan 17
Galena presentation 11 jan 17Galenabio
 
Analysis of kinetic data
Analysis of kinetic dataAnalysis of kinetic data
Analysis of kinetic dataVineetha Menon
 
Analyzing ASCO 2016: Developments, takeaways, and implications from the confe...
Analyzing ASCO 2016: Developments, takeaways, and implications from the confe...Analyzing ASCO 2016: Developments, takeaways, and implications from the confe...
Analyzing ASCO 2016: Developments, takeaways, and implications from the confe...Pharma Intelligence
 
Whole Blood Sample Analysis Strategies for LC-MS/MS Approach Bioanalysis
Whole Blood Sample Analysis Strategies for LC-MS/MS Approach BioanalysisWhole Blood Sample Analysis Strategies for LC-MS/MS Approach Bioanalysis
Whole Blood Sample Analysis Strategies for LC-MS/MS Approach BioanalysisCovance
 
Galena presentation
Galena presentationGalena presentation
Galena presentationGalenabio
 
1. Introduction to clinical pharmacokinetics
1. Introduction to clinical pharmacokinetics1. Introduction to clinical pharmacokinetics
1. Introduction to clinical pharmacokineticsDr. Ramesh Bhandari
 
11 orlowski lunch-symposium_final
11 orlowski lunch-symposium_final11 orlowski lunch-symposium_final
11 orlowski lunch-symposium_finalspa718
 

Was ist angesagt? (20)

Intravenous iron in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis
Intravenous iron in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysisIntravenous iron in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis
Intravenous iron in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis
 
Hypothyroidism - Nuts and Bolts
Hypothyroidism - Nuts and BoltsHypothyroidism - Nuts and Bolts
Hypothyroidism - Nuts and Bolts
 
Predicting effects of atomoxetine and citalopram in Parkinson's disease
Predicting effects of atomoxetine and citalopram in Parkinson's diseasePredicting effects of atomoxetine and citalopram in Parkinson's disease
Predicting effects of atomoxetine and citalopram in Parkinson's disease
 
Thyroid function testing in hypothyroidism
Thyroid function testing in hypothyroidismThyroid function testing in hypothyroidism
Thyroid function testing in hypothyroidism
 
Best of ASH 2016
Best of ASH 2016Best of ASH 2016
Best of ASH 2016
 
Chronic kidney disease how a deeper understanding of the disease is impacting...
Chronic kidney disease how a deeper understanding of the disease is impacting...Chronic kidney disease how a deeper understanding of the disease is impacting...
Chronic kidney disease how a deeper understanding of the disease is impacting...
 
Overview of Hormone Replacement Therapy(HRT)
Overview of Hormone Replacement Therapy(HRT)Overview of Hormone Replacement Therapy(HRT)
Overview of Hormone Replacement Therapy(HRT)
 
Art 923 rev-c-updating investor presentation on valeritas website_final_12.05.16
Art 923 rev-c-updating investor presentation on valeritas website_final_12.05.16Art 923 rev-c-updating investor presentation on valeritas website_final_12.05.16
Art 923 rev-c-updating investor presentation on valeritas website_final_12.05.16
 
Pharmacogenomics 2015
Pharmacogenomics 2015Pharmacogenomics 2015
Pharmacogenomics 2015
 
High Risk Smoldering Myeloma
High Risk Smoldering MyelomaHigh Risk Smoldering Myeloma
High Risk Smoldering Myeloma
 
Population pharmacokinetics
Population pharmacokineticsPopulation pharmacokinetics
Population pharmacokinetics
 
Giải pháp cho người bị hói
Giải pháp cho người bị hóiGiải pháp cho người bị hói
Giải pháp cho người bị hói
 
Bayesian theory
Bayesian theoryBayesian theory
Bayesian theory
 
Galena presentation 11 jan 17
Galena presentation   11 jan 17Galena presentation   11 jan 17
Galena presentation 11 jan 17
 
Analysis of kinetic data
Analysis of kinetic dataAnalysis of kinetic data
Analysis of kinetic data
 
Analyzing ASCO 2016: Developments, takeaways, and implications from the confe...
Analyzing ASCO 2016: Developments, takeaways, and implications from the confe...Analyzing ASCO 2016: Developments, takeaways, and implications from the confe...
Analyzing ASCO 2016: Developments, takeaways, and implications from the confe...
 
Whole Blood Sample Analysis Strategies for LC-MS/MS Approach Bioanalysis
Whole Blood Sample Analysis Strategies for LC-MS/MS Approach BioanalysisWhole Blood Sample Analysis Strategies for LC-MS/MS Approach Bioanalysis
Whole Blood Sample Analysis Strategies for LC-MS/MS Approach Bioanalysis
 
Galena presentation
Galena presentationGalena presentation
Galena presentation
 
1. Introduction to clinical pharmacokinetics
1. Introduction to clinical pharmacokinetics1. Introduction to clinical pharmacokinetics
1. Introduction to clinical pharmacokinetics
 
11 orlowski lunch-symposium_final
11 orlowski lunch-symposium_final11 orlowski lunch-symposium_final
11 orlowski lunch-symposium_final
 

Ähnlich wie PRP REGIMENS FOR ALOPECIA

PRP skin and neurological diseases (2).pptx
PRP skin and neurological diseases (2).pptxPRP skin and neurological diseases (2).pptx
PRP skin and neurological diseases (2).pptxMohammed Ali
 
Premature ovarian insufficiency
Premature ovarian insufficiencyPremature ovarian insufficiency
Premature ovarian insufficiencyTevfik Yoldemir
 
Stability of active ingredients in lon expired prescription medications
Stability of active ingredients in lon expired prescription medicationsStability of active ingredients in lon expired prescription medications
Stability of active ingredients in lon expired prescription medicationsmack2286
 
Stability of active ingredients in lon expired prescription medications
Stability of active ingredients in lon expired prescription medicationsStability of active ingredients in lon expired prescription medications
Stability of active ingredients in lon expired prescription medicationsmack2286
 
Praluent poster amcp nexus
Praluent poster amcp nexusPraluent poster amcp nexus
Praluent poster amcp nexusKemper May
 
Finasteride and sperm concentration review article
Finasteride and sperm concentration review articleFinasteride and sperm concentration review article
Finasteride and sperm concentration review articlepaperpublications3
 
WHMS PGx Presentation
WHMS PGx PresentationWHMS PGx Presentation
WHMS PGx PresentationOrion Cuffe
 
PRP for the treatment of AGA - systematic review (1).pptx
PRP for the treatment of AGA - systematic review (1).pptxPRP for the treatment of AGA - systematic review (1).pptx
PRP for the treatment of AGA - systematic review (1).pptxGierelma J.T.
 
The case for Genomic Medicine, (Personalized, Individualized Medicine). Medic...
The case for Genomic Medicine, (Personalized, Individualized Medicine). Medic...The case for Genomic Medicine, (Personalized, Individualized Medicine). Medic...
The case for Genomic Medicine, (Personalized, Individualized Medicine). Medic...Mathura Shanmugasundaram PhD
 
P&T Newsletter February 2015
P&T Newsletter February 2015P&T Newsletter February 2015
P&T Newsletter February 2015Florentina Eller
 
Five emerging trends
Five emerging trends Five emerging trends
Five emerging trends priya arrora
 
JC-3.pptx
JC-3.pptxJC-3.pptx
JC-3.pptxqwhegd
 
PERSONALIZED MEDICINE and customised drug delivery L-1.pptx
PERSONALIZED MEDICINE and customised drug delivery L-1.pptxPERSONALIZED MEDICINE and customised drug delivery L-1.pptx
PERSONALIZED MEDICINE and customised drug delivery L-1.pptxSumant Saini
 
A study on prescription pattern and rational use of statins in tertiary care ...
A study on prescription pattern and rational use of statins in tertiary care ...A study on prescription pattern and rational use of statins in tertiary care ...
A study on prescription pattern and rational use of statins in tertiary care ...SriramNagarajan16
 
IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR)
IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR)IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR)
IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR)iosrphr_editor
 
Pakistan Pharma Career Door Newsletter ,Issue 4, Volume 4
Pakistan Pharma Career Door Newsletter ,Issue 4, Volume 4Pakistan Pharma Career Door Newsletter ,Issue 4, Volume 4
Pakistan Pharma Career Door Newsletter ,Issue 4, Volume 4Javeriya_PPCD
 
The Importance of Biomarkers in Hematology/Oncology Drug Development - Steven...
The Importance of Biomarkers in Hematology/Oncology Drug Development - Steven...The Importance of Biomarkers in Hematology/Oncology Drug Development - Steven...
The Importance of Biomarkers in Hematology/Oncology Drug Development - Steven...Life Sciences Network marcus evans
 

Ähnlich wie PRP REGIMENS FOR ALOPECIA (20)

PRP skin and neurological diseases (2).pptx
PRP skin and neurological diseases (2).pptxPRP skin and neurological diseases (2).pptx
PRP skin and neurological diseases (2).pptx
 
Premature ovarian insufficiency
Premature ovarian insufficiencyPremature ovarian insufficiency
Premature ovarian insufficiency
 
Premature ovarian insufficiency
Premature ovarian insufficiencyPremature ovarian insufficiency
Premature ovarian insufficiency
 
Stability of active ingredients in lon expired prescription medications
Stability of active ingredients in lon expired prescription medicationsStability of active ingredients in lon expired prescription medications
Stability of active ingredients in lon expired prescription medications
 
Stability of active ingredients in lon expired prescription medications
Stability of active ingredients in lon expired prescription medicationsStability of active ingredients in lon expired prescription medications
Stability of active ingredients in lon expired prescription medications
 
Praluent poster amcp nexus
Praluent poster amcp nexusPraluent poster amcp nexus
Praluent poster amcp nexus
 
Pituitary disease
Pituitary diseasePituitary disease
Pituitary disease
 
Finasteride and sperm concentration review article
Finasteride and sperm concentration review articleFinasteride and sperm concentration review article
Finasteride and sperm concentration review article
 
WHMS PGx Presentation
WHMS PGx PresentationWHMS PGx Presentation
WHMS PGx Presentation
 
PRP for the treatment of AGA - systematic review (1).pptx
PRP for the treatment of AGA - systematic review (1).pptxPRP for the treatment of AGA - systematic review (1).pptx
PRP for the treatment of AGA - systematic review (1).pptx
 
The case for Genomic Medicine, (Personalized, Individualized Medicine). Medic...
The case for Genomic Medicine, (Personalized, Individualized Medicine). Medic...The case for Genomic Medicine, (Personalized, Individualized Medicine). Medic...
The case for Genomic Medicine, (Personalized, Individualized Medicine). Medic...
 
P&T Newsletter February 2015
P&T Newsletter February 2015P&T Newsletter February 2015
P&T Newsletter February 2015
 
Five emerging trends
Five emerging trends Five emerging trends
Five emerging trends
 
Mechanism of Jianpi Huayu Decoction Enhancing Dormancy of Liver Cancer by Inh...
Mechanism of Jianpi Huayu Decoction Enhancing Dormancy of Liver Cancer by Inh...Mechanism of Jianpi Huayu Decoction Enhancing Dormancy of Liver Cancer by Inh...
Mechanism of Jianpi Huayu Decoction Enhancing Dormancy of Liver Cancer by Inh...
 
JC-3.pptx
JC-3.pptxJC-3.pptx
JC-3.pptx
 
PERSONALIZED MEDICINE and customised drug delivery L-1.pptx
PERSONALIZED MEDICINE and customised drug delivery L-1.pptxPERSONALIZED MEDICINE and customised drug delivery L-1.pptx
PERSONALIZED MEDICINE and customised drug delivery L-1.pptx
 
A study on prescription pattern and rational use of statins in tertiary care ...
A study on prescription pattern and rational use of statins in tertiary care ...A study on prescription pattern and rational use of statins in tertiary care ...
A study on prescription pattern and rational use of statins in tertiary care ...
 
IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR)
IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR)IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR)
IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR)
 
Pakistan Pharma Career Door Newsletter ,Issue 4, Volume 4
Pakistan Pharma Career Door Newsletter ,Issue 4, Volume 4Pakistan Pharma Career Door Newsletter ,Issue 4, Volume 4
Pakistan Pharma Career Door Newsletter ,Issue 4, Volume 4
 
The Importance of Biomarkers in Hematology/Oncology Drug Development - Steven...
The Importance of Biomarkers in Hematology/Oncology Drug Development - Steven...The Importance of Biomarkers in Hematology/Oncology Drug Development - Steven...
The Importance of Biomarkers in Hematology/Oncology Drug Development - Steven...
 

Kürzlich hochgeladen

Top Rated Bangalore Call Girls Mg Road ⟟ 9332606886 ⟟ Call Me For Genuine S...
Top Rated Bangalore Call Girls Mg Road ⟟   9332606886 ⟟ Call Me For Genuine S...Top Rated Bangalore Call Girls Mg Road ⟟   9332606886 ⟟ Call Me For Genuine S...
Top Rated Bangalore Call Girls Mg Road ⟟ 9332606886 ⟟ Call Me For Genuine S...narwatsonia7
 
Call Girls Ooty Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
Call Girls Ooty Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service AvailableCall Girls Ooty Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
Call Girls Ooty Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service AvailableDipal Arora
 
VIP Service Call Girls Sindhi Colony 📳 7877925207 For 18+ VIP Call Girl At Th...
VIP Service Call Girls Sindhi Colony 📳 7877925207 For 18+ VIP Call Girl At Th...VIP Service Call Girls Sindhi Colony 📳 7877925207 For 18+ VIP Call Girl At Th...
VIP Service Call Girls Sindhi Colony 📳 7877925207 For 18+ VIP Call Girl At Th...jageshsingh5554
 
Top Quality Call Girl Service Kalyanpur 6378878445 Available Call Girls Any Time
Top Quality Call Girl Service Kalyanpur 6378878445 Available Call Girls Any TimeTop Quality Call Girl Service Kalyanpur 6378878445 Available Call Girls Any Time
Top Quality Call Girl Service Kalyanpur 6378878445 Available Call Girls Any TimeCall Girls Delhi
 
Call Girls Gwalior Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
Call Girls Gwalior Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service AvailableCall Girls Gwalior Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
Call Girls Gwalior Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service AvailableDipal Arora
 
Night 7k to 12k Chennai City Center Call Girls 👉👉 7427069034⭐⭐ 100% Genuine E...
Night 7k to 12k Chennai City Center Call Girls 👉👉 7427069034⭐⭐ 100% Genuine E...Night 7k to 12k Chennai City Center Call Girls 👉👉 7427069034⭐⭐ 100% Genuine E...
Night 7k to 12k Chennai City Center Call Girls 👉👉 7427069034⭐⭐ 100% Genuine E...hotbabesbook
 
Call Girls Jabalpur Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
Call Girls Jabalpur Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service AvailableCall Girls Jabalpur Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
Call Girls Jabalpur Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service AvailableDipal Arora
 
Call Girls Ludhiana Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
Call Girls Ludhiana Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service AvailableCall Girls Ludhiana Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
Call Girls Ludhiana Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service AvailableDipal Arora
 
VIP Hyderabad Call Girls Bahadurpally 7877925207 ₹5000 To 25K With AC Room 💚😋
VIP Hyderabad Call Girls Bahadurpally 7877925207 ₹5000 To 25K With AC Room 💚😋VIP Hyderabad Call Girls Bahadurpally 7877925207 ₹5000 To 25K With AC Room 💚😋
VIP Hyderabad Call Girls Bahadurpally 7877925207 ₹5000 To 25K With AC Room 💚😋TANUJA PANDEY
 
Book Paid Powai Call Girls Mumbai 𖠋 9930245274 𖠋Low Budget Full Independent H...
Book Paid Powai Call Girls Mumbai 𖠋 9930245274 𖠋Low Budget Full Independent H...Book Paid Powai Call Girls Mumbai 𖠋 9930245274 𖠋Low Budget Full Independent H...
Book Paid Powai Call Girls Mumbai 𖠋 9930245274 𖠋Low Budget Full Independent H...Call Girls in Nagpur High Profile
 
Call Girls Horamavu WhatsApp Number 7001035870 Meeting With Bangalore Escorts
Call Girls Horamavu WhatsApp Number 7001035870 Meeting With Bangalore EscortsCall Girls Horamavu WhatsApp Number 7001035870 Meeting With Bangalore Escorts
Call Girls Horamavu WhatsApp Number 7001035870 Meeting With Bangalore Escortsvidya singh
 
Best Rate (Patna ) Call Girls Patna ⟟ 8617370543 ⟟ High Class Call Girl In 5 ...
Best Rate (Patna ) Call Girls Patna ⟟ 8617370543 ⟟ High Class Call Girl In 5 ...Best Rate (Patna ) Call Girls Patna ⟟ 8617370543 ⟟ High Class Call Girl In 5 ...
Best Rate (Patna ) Call Girls Patna ⟟ 8617370543 ⟟ High Class Call Girl In 5 ...Dipal Arora
 
Bangalore Call Girls Nelamangala Number 9332606886 Meetin With Bangalore Esc...
Bangalore Call Girls Nelamangala Number 9332606886  Meetin With Bangalore Esc...Bangalore Call Girls Nelamangala Number 9332606886  Meetin With Bangalore Esc...
Bangalore Call Girls Nelamangala Number 9332606886 Meetin With Bangalore Esc...narwatsonia7
 
Pondicherry Call Girls Book Now 9630942363 Top Class Pondicherry Escort Servi...
Pondicherry Call Girls Book Now 9630942363 Top Class Pondicherry Escort Servi...Pondicherry Call Girls Book Now 9630942363 Top Class Pondicherry Escort Servi...
Pondicherry Call Girls Book Now 9630942363 Top Class Pondicherry Escort Servi...Genuine Call Girls
 
The Most Attractive Hyderabad Call Girls Kothapet 𖠋 6297143586 𖠋 Will You Mis...
The Most Attractive Hyderabad Call Girls Kothapet 𖠋 6297143586 𖠋 Will You Mis...The Most Attractive Hyderabad Call Girls Kothapet 𖠋 6297143586 𖠋 Will You Mis...
The Most Attractive Hyderabad Call Girls Kothapet 𖠋 6297143586 𖠋 Will You Mis...chandars293
 
Call Girls Aurangabad Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
Call Girls Aurangabad Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service AvailableCall Girls Aurangabad Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
Call Girls Aurangabad Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service AvailableDipal Arora
 
Call Girls Dehradun Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
Call Girls Dehradun Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service AvailableCall Girls Dehradun Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
Call Girls Dehradun Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service AvailableDipal Arora
 
Call Girls Gwalior Just Call 8617370543 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
Call Girls Gwalior Just Call 8617370543 Top Class Call Girl Service AvailableCall Girls Gwalior Just Call 8617370543 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
Call Girls Gwalior Just Call 8617370543 Top Class Call Girl Service AvailableDipal Arora
 
Call Girls Tirupati Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
Call Girls Tirupati Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service AvailableCall Girls Tirupati Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
Call Girls Tirupati Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service AvailableDipal Arora
 
Top Rated Bangalore Call Girls Richmond Circle ⟟ 9332606886 ⟟ Call Me For Ge...
Top Rated Bangalore Call Girls Richmond Circle ⟟  9332606886 ⟟ Call Me For Ge...Top Rated Bangalore Call Girls Richmond Circle ⟟  9332606886 ⟟ Call Me For Ge...
Top Rated Bangalore Call Girls Richmond Circle ⟟ 9332606886 ⟟ Call Me For Ge...narwatsonia7
 

Kürzlich hochgeladen (20)

Top Rated Bangalore Call Girls Mg Road ⟟ 9332606886 ⟟ Call Me For Genuine S...
Top Rated Bangalore Call Girls Mg Road ⟟   9332606886 ⟟ Call Me For Genuine S...Top Rated Bangalore Call Girls Mg Road ⟟   9332606886 ⟟ Call Me For Genuine S...
Top Rated Bangalore Call Girls Mg Road ⟟ 9332606886 ⟟ Call Me For Genuine S...
 
Call Girls Ooty Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
Call Girls Ooty Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service AvailableCall Girls Ooty Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
Call Girls Ooty Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
 
VIP Service Call Girls Sindhi Colony 📳 7877925207 For 18+ VIP Call Girl At Th...
VIP Service Call Girls Sindhi Colony 📳 7877925207 For 18+ VIP Call Girl At Th...VIP Service Call Girls Sindhi Colony 📳 7877925207 For 18+ VIP Call Girl At Th...
VIP Service Call Girls Sindhi Colony 📳 7877925207 For 18+ VIP Call Girl At Th...
 
Top Quality Call Girl Service Kalyanpur 6378878445 Available Call Girls Any Time
Top Quality Call Girl Service Kalyanpur 6378878445 Available Call Girls Any TimeTop Quality Call Girl Service Kalyanpur 6378878445 Available Call Girls Any Time
Top Quality Call Girl Service Kalyanpur 6378878445 Available Call Girls Any Time
 
Call Girls Gwalior Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
Call Girls Gwalior Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service AvailableCall Girls Gwalior Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
Call Girls Gwalior Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
 
Night 7k to 12k Chennai City Center Call Girls 👉👉 7427069034⭐⭐ 100% Genuine E...
Night 7k to 12k Chennai City Center Call Girls 👉👉 7427069034⭐⭐ 100% Genuine E...Night 7k to 12k Chennai City Center Call Girls 👉👉 7427069034⭐⭐ 100% Genuine E...
Night 7k to 12k Chennai City Center Call Girls 👉👉 7427069034⭐⭐ 100% Genuine E...
 
Call Girls Jabalpur Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
Call Girls Jabalpur Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service AvailableCall Girls Jabalpur Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
Call Girls Jabalpur Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
 
Call Girls Ludhiana Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
Call Girls Ludhiana Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service AvailableCall Girls Ludhiana Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
Call Girls Ludhiana Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
 
VIP Hyderabad Call Girls Bahadurpally 7877925207 ₹5000 To 25K With AC Room 💚😋
VIP Hyderabad Call Girls Bahadurpally 7877925207 ₹5000 To 25K With AC Room 💚😋VIP Hyderabad Call Girls Bahadurpally 7877925207 ₹5000 To 25K With AC Room 💚😋
VIP Hyderabad Call Girls Bahadurpally 7877925207 ₹5000 To 25K With AC Room 💚😋
 
Book Paid Powai Call Girls Mumbai 𖠋 9930245274 𖠋Low Budget Full Independent H...
Book Paid Powai Call Girls Mumbai 𖠋 9930245274 𖠋Low Budget Full Independent H...Book Paid Powai Call Girls Mumbai 𖠋 9930245274 𖠋Low Budget Full Independent H...
Book Paid Powai Call Girls Mumbai 𖠋 9930245274 𖠋Low Budget Full Independent H...
 
Call Girls Horamavu WhatsApp Number 7001035870 Meeting With Bangalore Escorts
Call Girls Horamavu WhatsApp Number 7001035870 Meeting With Bangalore EscortsCall Girls Horamavu WhatsApp Number 7001035870 Meeting With Bangalore Escorts
Call Girls Horamavu WhatsApp Number 7001035870 Meeting With Bangalore Escorts
 
Best Rate (Patna ) Call Girls Patna ⟟ 8617370543 ⟟ High Class Call Girl In 5 ...
Best Rate (Patna ) Call Girls Patna ⟟ 8617370543 ⟟ High Class Call Girl In 5 ...Best Rate (Patna ) Call Girls Patna ⟟ 8617370543 ⟟ High Class Call Girl In 5 ...
Best Rate (Patna ) Call Girls Patna ⟟ 8617370543 ⟟ High Class Call Girl In 5 ...
 
Bangalore Call Girls Nelamangala Number 9332606886 Meetin With Bangalore Esc...
Bangalore Call Girls Nelamangala Number 9332606886  Meetin With Bangalore Esc...Bangalore Call Girls Nelamangala Number 9332606886  Meetin With Bangalore Esc...
Bangalore Call Girls Nelamangala Number 9332606886 Meetin With Bangalore Esc...
 
Pondicherry Call Girls Book Now 9630942363 Top Class Pondicherry Escort Servi...
Pondicherry Call Girls Book Now 9630942363 Top Class Pondicherry Escort Servi...Pondicherry Call Girls Book Now 9630942363 Top Class Pondicherry Escort Servi...
Pondicherry Call Girls Book Now 9630942363 Top Class Pondicherry Escort Servi...
 
The Most Attractive Hyderabad Call Girls Kothapet 𖠋 6297143586 𖠋 Will You Mis...
The Most Attractive Hyderabad Call Girls Kothapet 𖠋 6297143586 𖠋 Will You Mis...The Most Attractive Hyderabad Call Girls Kothapet 𖠋 6297143586 𖠋 Will You Mis...
The Most Attractive Hyderabad Call Girls Kothapet 𖠋 6297143586 𖠋 Will You Mis...
 
Call Girls Aurangabad Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
Call Girls Aurangabad Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service AvailableCall Girls Aurangabad Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
Call Girls Aurangabad Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
 
Call Girls Dehradun Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
Call Girls Dehradun Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service AvailableCall Girls Dehradun Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
Call Girls Dehradun Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
 
Call Girls Gwalior Just Call 8617370543 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
Call Girls Gwalior Just Call 8617370543 Top Class Call Girl Service AvailableCall Girls Gwalior Just Call 8617370543 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
Call Girls Gwalior Just Call 8617370543 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
 
Call Girls Tirupati Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
Call Girls Tirupati Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service AvailableCall Girls Tirupati Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
Call Girls Tirupati Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
 
Top Rated Bangalore Call Girls Richmond Circle ⟟ 9332606886 ⟟ Call Me For Ge...
Top Rated Bangalore Call Girls Richmond Circle ⟟  9332606886 ⟟ Call Me For Ge...Top Rated Bangalore Call Girls Richmond Circle ⟟  9332606886 ⟟ Call Me For Ge...
Top Rated Bangalore Call Girls Richmond Circle ⟟ 9332606886 ⟟ Call Me For Ge...
 

PRP REGIMENS FOR ALOPECIA

  • 1. Evaluating the Efficacy of Different Platelet-Rich Plasma Regimens for Management of Androgenetic Alopecia: A Single-Center, Blinded, Randomized Clinical Trial Amelia K. Hausauer, MD*† and Derek H. Jones, MD†‡ BACKGROUND Studies suggest platelet-rich plasma (PRP) may mitigate androgenetic alopecia (AGA), but each varies in the frequency of and interval between treatments. OBJECTIVE To compare the efficacy, satisfaction, tolerability, and safety of 2 initial PRP injection protocols over 6 months. METHODS Prospective, randomized, single-blinded trial among 40 patients with moderate AGA. Partic- ipants received subdermal PRP injections according to 1 of 2 treatment protocols: 3 monthly sessions with booster 3 months later (Group 1) or 2 sessions every 3 months (Group 2). Folliscope hair count and shaft caliber, global photography, and patient satisfaction questionnaires were obtained at baseline, 3 months, and 6 months. RESULTS At 6 months, both groups demonstrated statistically significant increases in hair count (p < .001). These improvements occurred more rapidly and more profoundly for Group 1 (mean percent change: Group 1, 29.6 6 13.6 vs Group 2, 7.2 6 10.4; p < .001). Shaft caliber also increased significantly with no difference between groups. Treatments produced high satisfaction (82% “satisfied” or “highly satisfied”) and were safe and well tolerated (mean pain score 2.1). CONCLUSION Subdermal PRP injections are an efficacious and tolerable therapy among men and women with AGA. The benefits may be greater if first administered monthly. Clinicians should consider these findings when designing treatment plans. Eclipse Aesthetics, LLC provided funding for this study. The authors have indicated no significant interest with commercial supporters. Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is the most common form of hair loss, affecting up to 50% of men and 21 million women in the United States alone.1 Irrespective of sex, balding is known to influence social interactions and cause substantial emotional distress.2 Topical minoxidil and oral finasteride, a selective 5 alpha-reductase inhibitor, are currently the only Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved therapies for AGA in men, and oral antiandrogens are used off- label in women.3–5 Both demonstrate the greatest reduction in hair loss and smaller percentage of hair growth after 4 plus months of daily use.6–8 However, response to minoxidil varies from 20% to 40% with most of the patients on monotherapy progressing despite ongoing therapy, and these beneficial effects do not last on discontinuation.9 Clinical trial data and off- label experience suggest that dutasteride, a nonselective 5 alpha-reductase inhibitor FDA-approved for benign prostatic hypertrophy, may be as or more efficacious than conventional therapies.10 Hair restoration surgery isamorepermanentoption,11,12 yetformany,thecostis prohibitive. According to The Washington Post, in total, nearly 3.5 billion dollars is spent annually on hair loss therapies with varying degrees of success;13 so, there is a need for effective, scientifically sound alternatives. *Aesthetx, Campbell, California; † Skin Care and Laser Physicians of Beverly Hills, Los Angeles, California; ‡ Department of Dermatology, University of California, Los Angeles, California © 2018 by the American Society for Dermatologic Surgery, Inc. Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved. ISSN: 1076-0512 ·Dermatol Surg 2018;44:1191–1200 ·DOI: 10.1097/DSS.0000000000001567 1191 © 201 by the American Society for Dermatologic Surgery, Inc. Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. Unauthorized reproduction of this article is prohibited.8
  • 2. The injection of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) as an autol- ogous therapy has garnered increasing interest across a wide variety of medical specialties. Originally indi- cated to enhance connective tissue regeneration in orthopedics, PRP has been applied more recently to dermatologic conditions because of its ability to stimu- late fibroblast proliferation, induce collagen and elastin production, and improve the quantity and quality of the extracellular matrix.14,15 Studies in mice suggest that these matrix changes result from increased pro- stimulatory cytokines, such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), and transforming growth factor beta (TGFb).16 Considering the fact that these signaling cascades are also critical in regulating the hair growth cycle, PRP has emerged as a potential management of AGA.17,18 Several recently published articles demon- strate efficacy in treating patterned baldness,19–21 but each varies in the treatment protocol, and there are no evidence-based data guiding frequency of and/or inter- val between injection sessions. The authors conducted a prospective, randomized, single-blinded pilot trial to investigate the most beneficial number and timing (“protocol”) of PRPtreatmentsamongmenandwomen with AGA. The objectives of this study were to compare the efficacy, satisfaction, tolerability, and safety of 2 different initial PRP protocols over 6 months and determine which was superior when starting therapy. Materials and Methods Study Design After receiving institutional review board/ethics com- mitteeapproval,theauthorsenrolled40maleandfemale participants from a private practice in Los Angeles, CA. Twenty were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 different treatment groups: 3 monthly sessions with a booster 3 months later (total 4 treatments; Group 1) versus 2 ses- sions every 3 months (total 2 treatments; Group 2). Participants Forty healthy men and women aged 18 to 60 years with AGA, disease stages Norwood-Hamilton II–V and Ludwig I2–II1, respectively, were recruited between November 2016 and January 2017. Exclusion criteria included: diagnosis of non-AGA hair loss; active skin disease, infection, cuts, or abra- sions on the scalp; history of surgical hair restoration; current or recent malignancy, excluding non-scalp nonmelanoma or melanoma skin cancers, as well as current or recent chemotherapy or radiation treat- ments; history of thyroid dysfunction, autoimmune disorder that might interfere or increase the risks associated with the treatment, or blood-borne infec- tion (i.e., human immunodeficiency virus [HIV], hep- atitis B virus, and hepatitis C virus); tendency to develop keloids; anticoagulant therapy, except for aspirin, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, or vitamin E if discontinued 7 to 14 days before each session; hematologic or coagulation disorder (i.e., platelet dysfunction syndrome, thrombocytopenia <150,000 platelets/mL, hypofibrinogenemia); or cur- rent or anticipated pregnancy and/or breastfeeding. Subjects whose hair had been clinically stable on FDA- approved AGA therapies—topical minoxidil and/or oral finasteride—for 12 months were allowed to par- ticipate without changing their regimens because in practice, PRP is often used in conjunction with other available therapies, as these agents have different mechanisms of action so may have synergistic effects, and because discontinuing such medications could result in telogen effluvium several months into the study, thereby altering results. Use of other products, devices, or medications intended to promote hair growth was prohibited. There was a 90-day washout period for antiandrogen therapies. To ensure adherence to the above, participants underwent thorough screening history and physical examination. Hair pull test detected abnormal shed- ding, as seen in telogen effluvium. Laboratory testing included factors that may affect and/or explain hair loss (thyroid stimulating hormone, ferritin level); serologies for important blood-borne infections; risk factors for increased bleeding (platelet count); and pregnancy testing. Interventions/Preparation of Intervention The authors randomized eligible participants in a 1:1 ratio to 2 treatment protocols: Group 1 received 4 total injections, the first 3 at monthly intervals and the last 3 D I F F E R E N T P R P R E G I M E N S F O R A G A D E R M A T O L O G I C S U R G E R Y1192 © 201 by the American Society for Dermatologic Surgery, Inc. Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. Unauthorized reproduction of this article is prohibited.8
  • 3. months later, whereas Group 2 received 2 total injec- tions, one at baseline and one at 3 months. Platelet-rich plasma preparation involved EclipsePRP kits (Eclipse Aesthetics LLC, Dallas, TX), collecting 22 mL of peripheral blood, which was centrifuged at 3,500 revolutions per minute for 10 minutes. This process separates blood products according to their specific densities. The proprietary gel plug removes 99.9% of erythrocytes and 92% of leukocytes.22,23 Approximately 50% of resulting supernatant is removed (platelet-poor plasma), and the tube is gently agitated to resuspend all platelets in the remaining smaller volume of plasma. The final yield generally ranges from 4 to 6 mL of PRP at roughly 4 to 6 times the platelet concentration of whole blood. Platelet-rich plasma was injected in 0.2 to 0.5 mL aliquots sub- dermally using a 32-gauge, half-inch needle every 2 to 3 cm at balding areas. At each appointment, partic- ipants had the option to use topical lidocaine 23%/ tetracaine 7% ointment for anesthesia at the region of injections. Assessment Criteria and Post-treatment Data Collection During screening, the authors obtained baseline magnified (Folliscope 2.8; Anagen Corp., Seoul, Korea) and global (Hair MetrixSM/Canon Rebel T6i; Canfield Scientific Inc., Parsippany, NJ) photographs from which mean hair count (hairs/cm2), shaft caliber (microns, mm), and Norwood–Hamilton or Ludwig scale were determined. A single representative point at the leading edge of an actively balding region was selected and used for all folliscope images throughout the duration of the trial. Precise measurements obtained between this point and the glabella and bilateral canthi (triangulation, specifically: lines mea- sured obliquely from the lateral canthi to the evalua- tion point and one line measured from the midway TABLE 1. Baseline Characteristics of Patients Treated With Platelet-Rich Plasma Demographics All (n = 39) Group 1 (n = 20) Group 2 (n = 19) Sex, n (%) Male 29 (74.4) 17 (85.0) 12 (63.2) Female 10 (25.6) 3 (15.0) 7 (36.8) Mean age (yr) 43.75 40.1 46.85 Race/ethnicity, n (%) Non-Hispanic White/Caucasian 29 (74.4) 16 (80.0) 13 (68.4) Hispanic 3 (7.6) 1 (5.0) 2 (10.5) Black 1 (2.6) 0 1 (5.3) Asian/Pacific Islander 1 (2.6) 1 (5.0) 0 Middle Eastern/Persian 4 (10.2) 2 (10.0) 2 (10.5) Other 1 (2.6) 0 1 (5.3) Mean duration of hair loss (yr) 6.45 6.15 6.75 Less than 6 years, n (%) 17 (43.6) 9 (45.0) 8 (42.1) More than 6 years, n (%) 22 (56.4) 11 (55.0) 11 (57.9) Hair loss therapy, n (%) Previous finasteride 15 (38.5) 10 (50.0) 5 (26.2) Current finasteride 8 (20.5) 4 (20.0) 4 (21.1) Previous minoxidil 17 (43.6) 9 (45.0) 8 (42.1) Current minoxidil 10 (25.6) 6 (30.0) 4 (21.1) Other 11 (28.2) 3 (15.0) 8 (42.1) Pattern, n (%) Temporal 9 (23.0) 5 (25.0) 4 (21.1) Vertex 7 (18.0) 4 (20.0) 3 (15.8) Temporal and vertex 13 (33.3) 8 (40.0) 5 (26.2) Central part 7 (18.0) 3 (15.0) 4 (21.1) Central part and temples 3 (7.7) 0 3 (15.8) H A U S A U E R A N D J O N E S 4 4 : 9 : S E P T E M B E R 2 0 1 8 1193 © 201 by the American Society for Dermatologic Surgery, Inc. Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. Unauthorized reproduction of this article is prohibited.8
  • 4. point on a line drawn between the medial canthi to the evaluation point) were recorded in the study docu- ments and allowed for consistent, reproducible iden- tification of the imaging site at each evaluation appointment. The authors did not tattoo this location because permanent, invasive markings might dis- courage enrollment and thus, decrease the study’s generalizability. Folliscope and global photography were repeated at 3- and 6-month status after first PRP treatment. All data collection, including determina- tion of hair counts and caliber as well as overall severity ratings, were performed in batches without consulting previous images or numbers to ensure better blinding and more objective results. Subjects also completed satisfaction and outcome questionnaires at 3 and 6 months, rating satisfaction on a 4-point scale (3 = highly satisfied, 2 = satisfied, 1 = dissatisfied, and 0 = highly dissatisfied). Safety and tolerability data were collected during each appoint- ment. After all treatments, participants assigned a pain score on the verified 0-point visual analogue scale. Statistical Assessment Statistical analyses were performed in Python using libraries scipy (version 0.19.0), statsmodels (v0.8.0), and seaborn (v0.7.1). To assess changes in mean hair count and caliber over time, the authors applied Stu- dent t-test or Wilcoxon signed-rank test, if data were not normally distributed. The authors evaluated the relationship between mean percent change in hair count and duration, age, and sex using linear and logistic regression modeling. Other analyses included descriptive statistics (percent, absolute, and relative frequencies) for categorical and ordinal variables such as satisfaction and safety data as well as analysis of variance (mixed model for repeated measures) testing for quality of life metrics. Results Forty patients, 20 per group, enrolled in this study, including 30 men and 10 women, of which 39 com- pleted the protocol (20 in Group 1 and 19 in Group 2). One man withdrew after his first treatment for unre- lated personal reasons. Table 1 summarizes baseline characteristics of all subjects. Mean age at enrollment was 43.75 years and similar between groups (p = .69). Hair Counts Mean baseline hair counts were similar between the 2 groups (p = .37). Only Group 1 demonstrated statis- tically significant increases at 3 months (Group 1, p < .001; Group 2, p = .23). By 6 months, both ach- ieved statistical significance relative to baseline (p < .001). However, when comparing absolute and percent change between groups, the Group 1 protocol yielded superior results and was statistically TABLE 2. Hair Count Parameters for 2 Treatment Protocols at Baseline, 3 Months, and 6 Months Group Count (hairs/cm2), Mean 6 SD Change Between Groups, Mean 6 SD Baseline 3 mo p 6 mo p Absolute (hairs/cm2) Percent (%) 1 160.4 6 36.9 183.5 6 40.9 <.001 207.1 6 49.5 <.001 46.7 6 23.5 29.6 6 13.6 2 177.6 6 62.0 181.1 6 65.1 .23 190.6 6 66.9 .009 13.1 6 19.3 7.2 6 10.4 p < .001 p < .001 Figure 1. Change in hair counts over 6 months. D I F F E R E N T P R P R E G I M E N S F O R A G A D E R M A T O L O G I C S U R G E R Y1194 © 201 by the American Society for Dermatologic Surgery, Inc. Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. Unauthorized reproduction of this article is prohibited.8
  • 5. significantly better than that of Group 2 (mean percent change: Group 1, 29.6 6 13.6 vs Group 2, 7.2 6 10.4; p < .001; Table 2, Figures 1 and 2). Using linear regression to evaluate important variables potentially associated with response to PRP, the authors found no difference in the increases seen among men and women (p = .78). Longer duration of AGA correlated with lower mean percent change in hair count, particularly for Group 1 (Figure 3). There was a trend toward smaller change with increasing age, although the confidence intervals were wide. “Being in Group 1” was the only statistically signifi- cant variable predicting a mean percent change >20% in a multivariable logistic regression controlling for age, AGA duration, and sex (p < .001). Hair Shaft Caliber Statistically significantly increased mean hair shaft caliber was evident at 3 and 6 months irrespective of group (p < .001). At the study end point, there was no Figure 2. Global photography of representative patients from Group 1 at (A) baseline and (B) 6 months as well as from Group 2 at (C) baseline and (D) 6 months. H A U S A U E R A N D J O N E S 4 4 : 9 : S E P T E M B E R 2 0 1 8 1195 © 201 by the American Society for Dermatologic Surgery, Inc. Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. Unauthorized reproduction of this article is prohibited.8
  • 6. significant difference in absolute or percent change between the treatment protocols (absolute change, p = .59 and percent change, p = .36, respectively; Table 3 and Figure 4). Satisfaction Mean satisfaction score across the entire study period was 2.3 (Group 1, 2.5; Group 2, 2.1). At 6 months, 82% of participants reported being “satisfied” or “highly satisfied” (Table 4). The majority would continue therapy or recommend it to others. Larger changes in mean hair count did correlate with higher satisfaction ratings among both groups. This trend appeared during the first 3 months of treatment, and then persisted (p = .02). Of note, those in Group 1 were more likely to report the highest scores. Tolerability and Safety Although just under a third of subjects reported asso- ciated pain or discomfort, 74.4% rated the procedure as “tolerable” with a mean pain score of 2.1 (Table 5). All adverse events were mild as outlined in Table 6. Discussion Androgenetic alopecia affects a substantial portion of the population; yet, there are few scientifically proven therapies. This prospective, randomized, controlled trial is the first to directly compare different initial PRP treatment protocols in the hopes of optimizing out- comes. The authors demonstrated that PRP positively affects hair parameters and mitigates changes associ- ated with patterned hair loss, regardless of the 2 Figure 3. Correlation between change in hair count and duration of androgenetic alopecia. TABLE 3. Hair Shaft Caliber Parameters for 2 Treatment Protocols at Baseline, 3 Months, and 6 Months Group Caliber (mm), Mean 6 SD Change Between Groups, Mean 6 SD Baseline 3 mo p 6 mo p Absolute (mm) Percent (%) 1 54.5 6 9.3 64.7 6 6.8 <.001 70.5 6 8.5 <.001 16.0 6 7.3 31.1 6 17.2 2 57.5 6 10.7 65.2 6 10.4 <.001 72.3 6 10.6 <.001 14.8 6 5.9 26.7 6 11.8 p = .59 p = .36 D I F F E R E N T P R P R E G I M E N S F O R A G A D E R M A T O L O G I C S U R G E R Y1196 © 201 by the American Society for Dermatologic Surgery, Inc. Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. Unauthorized reproduction of this article is prohibited.8
  • 7. injection regimens. However, when initiating therapy, monthly treatments transitioning to every 3 months provide greater increases in hair regrowth than ses- sions every 3 months only. The 2 protocols thickened hair shafts similarly. Although both groups showed statistically significant improvements in hair count at 6 months, changes were evident earlier and more clinically relevant among Group 1 who had a mean 30% increase compared with Group 2 (7% increase). The human eye cannot reliably detect a 7% overall difference in the number of hairs, a fact that may at least partially explain why subjects in Group 1 were more likely to report the highest levels of satisfaction. Multivariate analysis controlled for sex, age, and disease duration further confirmed that “being in Group 1” predicted a greater response. Premature transition from anagen to telogen and follicular miniaturization are hallmarks of androge- netic hair loss resulting from altered expression of growth factors. Hair cycling and growth depends on intricate signaling between mesenchymal-derived dermal papilla cells and multipotent stem cells in the follicular bulge region. Studies indicate that increasing Wnt/beta-catenin, sonic hedgehog (Shh), and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) pathways while downregulating bone morphogenetic protein signaling is critical for transition of hair fol- licles from telogen to anagen.24–26 Circulating andro- gens, particularly dihydrotestosterone, bind to androgen receptors in the dermal papilla and suppress pro-growth Wnt, Shh, and STAT3 signaling while activating inhibitory cascades.25 The growth factors found in PRP, including PDGF, TGFb, epidermal Figure 4. Change in shaft caliber over 6 months. TABLE 4. Patient-Reported Satisfaction Metric, n (%) All (n = 39) Group 1 (n = 20) Group 2 (n = 19) Satisfaction Highly satisfied 16 (41.0) 11 (55.0) 5 (26.3) Satisfied 16 (41.0) 6 (30.0) 10 (52.6) Dissatisfied 5 (12.8) 2 (10.0) 3 (15.8) Highly dissatisfied 2 (5.2) 1 (5.0) 1 (5.3) Results Y 28 (71.8) 15 (75.0) 13 (68.4) N 6 (15.4) 2 (10.0) 4 (21.1) Unsure/maybe 5 (12.8) 3 (15.0) 2 (10.5) Recommend to others Y 23 (59.0) 14 (70.0) 9 (47.4) N 1 (2.6) 0 1 (5.3) Maybe 15 (38.4) 6 (30.0) 9 (47.4) Motivated to continue Y 28 (71.8) 17 (85.0) 11 (57.9) N 1 (2.6) 0 1 (5.3) Maybe 10 (25.6) 3 (15.0) 7 (36.8) H A U S A U E R A N D J O N E S 4 4 : 9 : S E P T E M B E R 2 0 1 8 1197 © 201 by the American Society for Dermatologic Surgery, Inc. Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. Unauthorized reproduction of this article is prohibited.8
  • 8. growth factor (EGF), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF1), and VEGF, reinstate the necessary signaling pathways and gene transcription that result in cell survival, proliferation, and differentiation. They stimulate telogen-to-anagen transition, prolong ana- gen, and promote neoangiogenesis.27 Thicker shafts may also occur due to neovascularization providing better nutrient supply to existing follicular cells,28–31 decreases in perifollicular microinflammation,32 and upregulation of antiapoptotic proteins in dermal papilla cells.18,33 The authors’ discrepant findings in hair count versus caliber suggest that it may require a lower concentration of PRP-contained growth fac- tors to thicken miniaturized hairs than to transition into anagen phase and promote new growth. Folli- scope photographs (Figure 5) show a progressively pinker-colored scalp and support the role of enhanced vascularization in the mechanisms driving PRP- mediated hair restoration. Although the authors’ study was not intended pri- marily to determine clinical parameters predicting response to PRP therapy, the authors did note some important trends that warrant further investigation. Improvement in hair counts depended on duration of AGA. This relationship supports the authors’ clinical experience: those noting hair loss for less than 5 to 6 years tend to respond more rapidly and profoundly. Change in mean hair count by age was less straight- forward, partially because age and duration of AGA are often, but not always, collinear. There were insufficient numbers to examine changes by race/eth- nicity, current or past FDA-approved therapy, or pattern of alopecia. The authors’ results are in line with those from pre- vious studies, reporting increases in hair density and/ or number of hairs among patients treated with PRP.19,21,31,33,34 This body of literature is growing quickly, but most studies are open-label or unblinded using different treatment protocols that are difficult to evaluate head-to-head. The authors sought to com- pare 2 previously reported protocols in a rigorous prospective, randomized, controlled design using several practical outcome metrics. Another strength of this study was the novel, sub- dermal injection technique that has been used clini- cally and described by Rapaport in a 2017 commentary piece but never tested rigorously to date. This method allows for fewer, more widely spaced injection points than the traditional nappage pro- cedure (0.1 mL injected intradermally on a 1-cm grid) because PRP can diffuse further once in the deeper, subgaleal space. Anecdotally, several patients com- mented on increased eyebrow growth, presumably from diffusion within this potential space, which is continuous with the frontalis down to the brow. Subdermal injection also was safe and well tolerated, with a mean pain score of approximately 2 on a 0 to 10 scale, although more than 80% declined topical anesthetic. Of the 199 treatment sessions performed for this trial, only during 4 did subjects rate a discom- fort score of 5 or higher (3.4%). Half of these occurred in a single patient whose pain dropped to 3 after agreeing to use the optional anesthetic. In addition, the authors’ study included both men and women who responded similarly. This finding is important because there are few data on PRP efficacy among women. Many early reports investigated treatment of male pattern hair loss only. Two recent randomized controlled trials involving women had conflicting results. Alves and Grimalt21 reported sta- tistically significant increases in hair count irrespective TABLE 5. Patient-Reported Tolerability Over 119 Treatment Sessions (n = 39) Tolerability Verbal classification, n (%) Tolerable 29 (74.4) Moderately comfortable 10 (25.6) Clearly unpleasant 0 Score, 0–10 (mean, range) 2.1 (0.5–7) TABLE 6. Treatment-Related Adverse Events Occurring in >1% of Participants (n = 39) Adverse Events n (%) Pain/discomfort 12 (30.7) Headache 5 (12.8) Itching 8 (15.4) Other 0 D I F F E R E N T P R P R E G I M E N S F O R A G A D E R M A T O L O G I C S U R G E R Y1198 © 201 by the American Society for Dermatologic Surgery, Inc. Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. Unauthorized reproduction of this article is prohibited.8
  • 9. of sex, whereas Puig and colleagues35 found perceived but not actual improvements. The authors suspect that the latter’s study protocol (single injection session only) may be more responsible for their statistically null results than the participants’ sex. Platelet-rich plasma is an ongoing therapy that requires maintenance when used for a chronic condition such as hair loss. Despite these strengths, the authors’ analysis also had several weaknesses. The sample size was small, albeit one of the largest to date.33 The 6 month follow-up period was short, given the slow rate of hair growth (1.25 cm/mo), and does not capture long-term effects. The authors continue to follow many of the patients included in this analysis, and several have shown substantial delayed improvements during the 6- to 12- month period; however, those data are outside the scope of this trial. The longest duration study moni- tored subjects for 2 years with relapse noted at roughly 12 months.20 Others have seen fall-off after 3 months. The authors’ goal was to investigate initial therapy; so, the follow-up period was kept short. Conclusion Several studies document the efficacy of PRP in com- bating AGA, but treatment frequencies and parame- ters vary widely. The authors’ randomized, controlled trial is the first to compare directly the efficacy of 2 starting injection protocols and the first to examine rigorously a well-tolerated, safe subdermal injection technique. Platelet-rich plasma showed biologic activity in both groups. However, those receiving 3 monthly treatments with a 3-month booster had better statistically and clinically significant outcomes with substantial improvements in hair count and shaft thickness. Future studies are necessary to fine-tune preparation methods, determine optimal maintenance schedule(s), and parse out clinical predictors of efficacy. References 1. Sinclair R. Male pattern androgenetic alopecia. BMJ 1998;317:865–9. 2. Cash TF. The psychological effects of androgenetic alopecia in men. J Am Acad Dermatol 1992;26:926–31. 3. Kaufman KD, Olsen EA, Whiting D, Savin R, et al. Finasteride in the treatment of men with androgenetic alopecia. Finasteride Male Pattern Hair Loss Study Group. J Am Acad Dermatol 1998;39:578–89. 4. Olsen EA, Dunlap FE, Funicella T, Koperski JA, et al. A randomized clinical trial of 5% topical minoxidil versus 2% topical minoxidil and placebo in the treatment of androgenetic alopecia in men. J Am Acad Dermatol 2002;47:377–85. 5. Ryu HK, Kim KM, Yoo EA, Sim WY, et al. Evaluation of androgens in the scalp hair and plasma of patients with male-pattern baldness before and after finasteride administration. Br J Dermatol 2006;154:730–4. 6. Tosti A, Duque-Estrada B. Treatment strategies for alopecia. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2009;10:1017–26. 7. Messenger AG, Rundegren J. Minoxidil: mechanisms of action on hair growth. Br J Dermatol 2004;150:186–94. 8. Mella JM, Perret MC, Manzotti M, Catalano HN, et al. Efficacy and safety of finasteride therapy for androgenetic alopecia: a systematic review. Arch Dermatol 2010;146:1141–50. 9. Schweiger ES, Boychenko O, Bernstein RM. Update on the pathogenesis, genetics and medical treatment of patterned hair loss. J Drugs Dermatol 2010;9:1412–9. 10. Olsen EA, Hordinsky M, Whiting D, Stough D, et al. The importance of dual 5alpha-reductase inhibition in the treatment of male pattern hair loss: results of a randomized placebo-controlled study of dutasteride versus finasteride. J Am Acad Dermatol 2006;55:1014–23. 11. Rassman WR, Bernstein RM, McClellan R, Jones R, et al. Follicular unit extraction: minimally invasive surgery for hair transplantation. Dermatol Surg 2002;28:720–8. 12. Bernstein RM, Rassman WR. The logic of follicular unit transplantation. Dermatol Clin 1999;17:277–95, viii; discussion 96. 13. Hair loss treatment. 2010. Available from: http://www. americanhairloss.org/hair_loss_treatment/. Accessed September 15, 2017. Figure 5. Folliscope images from a patient in Group 1 at (A) baseline and (B) 6 months with 33.1% increase in hair count and 29.4% increase in hair caliber. H A U S A U E R A N D J O N E S 4 4 : 9 : S E P T E M B E R 2 0 1 8 1199 © 201 by the American Society for Dermatologic Surgery, Inc. Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. Unauthorized reproduction of this article is prohibited.8
  • 10. 14. Redaelli A, Romano D, Marciano A. Face and neck revitalization with platelet-rich plasma (PRP): clinical outcome in a series of 23 consecutively treated patients. J Drugs Dermatol 2010;9:466–72. 15. Goisis M, Stella E, Di Petrillo A. Malar area. In: Goisis M, editor. Injections in Aesthetic Medicine: Atlas of Full-face and Full-body Treatment. Milan, Italy: Springer Milan; 2014. 16. Cho JM, Lee YH, Baek RM, Lee SW. Effect of platelet-rich plasma on ultraviolet b-induced skin wrinkles in nude mice. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2011;64:e31–9. 17. Uebel CO, da Silva JB, Cantarelli D, Martins P. The role of platelet plasma growth factors in male pattern baldness surgery. Plast Reconstr Surg 2006;118:1458–66; discussion 67. 18. Li ZJ, Choi HI, Choi DK, Sohn KC, et al. Autologous platelet-rich plasma: a potential therapeutic tool for promoting hair growth. Dermatol Surg 2012;38:1040–6. 19. Gkini MA, Kouskoukis AE, Tripsianis G, Rigopoulos D, et al. Study of platelet-rich plasma injections in the treatment of androgenetic alopecia through an one-year period. J Cutan Aesthet Surg 2014;7:213–9. 20. Gentile P, Garcovich S, Bielli A, Scioli MG, et al. The effect of platelet- rich plasma in hair regrowth: a randomized placebo-controlled trial. Stem Cells Transl Med 2015;4:1317–23. 21. Alves R, Grimalt R. Randomized placebo-controlled, double-blind, half-head study to assess the efficacy of platelet-rich plasma on the treatment of androgenetic alopecia. Dermatol Surg 2016;42:491–7. 22. Kushida S, Kakudo N, Morimoto N, Hara T, et al. Platelet and growth factor concentrations in activated platelet-rich plasma: a comparison of seven commercial separation systems. J Artif Organs 2014;17:186–92. 23. Eclipse PRP Sales Sheet. The Colony, TX: Eclipse Aesthetics, LLC; 2016. 24. Reddy S, Andl T, Bagasra A, Lu MM, et al. Characterization of Wnt gene expression in developing and postnatal hair follicles and identification of Wnt5a as a target of Sonic hedgehog in hair follicle morphogenesis. Mech Dev 2001;107:69–82. 25. Plikus MV, Mayer JA, de la Cruz D, Baker RE, et al. Cyclic dermal BMP signalling regulates stem cell activation during hair regeneration. Nature 2008;451:340–4. 26. Chen D, Jarrell A, Guo C, Lang R, et al. Dermal beta-catenin activity in response to epidermal Wnt ligands is required for fibroblast proliferation and hair follicle initiation. Development 2012;139: 1522–33. 27. Gupta AK, Carviel J. A mechanistic model of platelet-rich plasma treatment for androgenetic alopecia. Dermatol Surg 2016;42:1335–9. 28. Kang JS, Zheng Z, Choi MJ, Lee SH, et al. The effect of CD34+ cell- containing autologous platelet-rich plasma injection on pattern hair loss: a preliminary study. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2014;28: 72–9. 29. Takikawa M, Nakamura S, Nakamura S, Ishirara M, et al. Enhanced effect of platelet-rich plasma containing a new carrier on hair growth. Dermatol Surg 2011;37:1721–9. 30. Mecklenburg L, Tobin DJ, Muller-Rover S, Handjiski B, et al. Active hair growth (anagen) is associated with angiogenesis. J Invest Dermatol 2000;114:909–16. 31. Cervelli V, Garcovich S, Bielli A, Cervelli G, et al. The effect of autologous activated platelet rich plasma (AA-PRP) injection on pattern hair loss: clinical and histomorphometric evaluation. Biomed Res Int 2014;2014:760709. 32. El-Sharkawy H, Kantarci A, Deady J, Hasturk H, et al. Platelet-rich plasma: growth factors and pro- and anti-inflammatory properties. J Periodontol 2007;78:661–9. 33. Maria-Angeliki G, Alexandros-Efstratios K, Dimitris R, Konstantinos K. Platelet-rich plasma as a potential treatment for noncicatricial alopecias. Int J Trichology 2015;7:54–63. 34. Schiavone G, Raskovic D, Greco J, Abeni D. Platelet-rich plasma for androgenetic alopecia: a pilot study. Dermatol Surg 2014;40:1010–9. 35. Puig CJ, Reese R, Peters M. Double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study on the use of platelet-rich plasma in women with female androgenetic alopecia. Dermatol Surg 2016;42:1243–7. Address correspondence and reprint requests to: Amelia K. Hausauer, MD, 3803 South Bascom Avenue, Suite 100, Campbell, CA 95008 or e-mail: drh@aesthetx.com D I F F E R E N T P R P R E G I M E N S F O R A G A D E R M A T O L O G I C S U R G E R Y1200 © 201 by the American Society for Dermatologic Surgery, Inc. Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. Unauthorized reproduction of this article is prohibited.8