Thyroid Gland and Calcium Regulation

Thyroid Gland ,[object Object],[object Object],Figure 17.8a

Thyroid Hormone (TH) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Thyroid hormones ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Figure 5.3.3 Effect of TSH on the thyroid gland. A. Hypothyroid follicles. B. Euthyroid (normal) follicles. C. Stimulated hyperplastic follicles.

SYNTHESIS AND TRANSPORT OF THYROID HORMONES ,[object Object]

Synthesis of Thyroid Hormone ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Pathway of thyroid hormone synthesis.

Transport and Regulation of TH ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

TSH REGULATION OF THYROID FUNCTION ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Activation of T4 in Target Tissues ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Mechanism of thyroid hormone action via its nuclear receptor. Thyroid hormone diffuses and/or is transported across plasma and nuclear membranes to bind to its receptor. The thyroid hormone receptor (striped) is localized almost exclusively in the nucleus where it associated with DNA as a homodimer or as a heterodimer with RXR (stippled). The hormone-activated receptor binds to thyroid hormone response elements (TRE’s) to alter rates of gene transcription and consequently levels of mRNA.

Thyroid hormone has two major physiological functions : ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Other Actions ,[object Object],[object Object]

Calcitonin ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Hyperthyroidism ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Hypothyroidism ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Regulation of calcium ,[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Calcium homeostasis ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Calcium and phosphate ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Bone ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

PTH secretion is regulated by the plasma Ca concentration ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Actions of PTH ,[object Object]

Action of PTH on bone ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Action of PTH on kidney ,[object Object],[object Object]

Action of PTH on small intestine ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Calcitonin ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Vitamin D ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Synthesis of Vitamin D ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Actions of Vitamin D ,[object Object]

Intestine ,[object Object],[object Object]

Kidney ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Parathyroid Glands: Disorders ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Parathyroid Glands: Disorders ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Thyroid Gland and Calcium Regulation

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