2. Definitions, sociology in relation to health
and disease.
Health concept, Determinants of Health
Health promotion
Changing health behavior
Communication & Health Education
Social Marketing
The role of health institutions and health
professionals in society
3. Society: system of inter relationships of man in his
group. May be country, village, school, factory.. etc
Social science deals with man behavior in his society,
including history, geography, civics and politics.
Medical sociology: deals with relation between health
and social factors as environmental conditions
surrounding man and affects his health, traditions,
lifestyle behaviors, self treatment, values, customs and
cultures. It is concerned also with the distribution of
health care services and in particular the inequalities
in health care (health disparities)
4. Social security/ Social insurance: الضمان
االجتماعى security given to man by social
governmental or private organizations for risks
he is exposed as sickness, loss of work, violence,
death, accidents, fire and disability
Social defense: for protection against antisocial,
criminal behaviors of man as beggary,
prostitution, alcoholism. Social system that
defends the society against crime by treating
and defending the offended.
Social disease: diseases that have social stigma
and human interactions as TB, AIDS and leprosy
5. Social problems: poverty, crime, starvation,
alcoholism, STD, addiction, street children,
lonely elderly , discrimination.
Social factors affecting health & disease:
level of socioeconomic standard determine
health status of individuals as per-capita
income, family size, literacy, poverty,
malnutrition, unemployment.
Social conditions affect & are affected by
health and disease
6. Comprises different elements including:
Social epidemiology: the study of socioeconomic,
demographic, and behavioral factors in relation
to the causes of disease and mortality diagnosis
Development and organizational dynamics of
occupations and professions in healthcare services,
hospitals, health maintenance and long-term care
organizations. It includes inter-organizational
relationships between patient and physicians ttt
7. The reactions of societies to illness, including
cultural meanings and normative expectations
The social policies, social movements, and
economic conditions that shape and are shaped by
health and disease within countries, as well as in
a comparative, international context
The social patterns of the utilization of health
services, the relationship of health care delivery
systems to other social institutions, and social
policies toward health.
8. Social causes of disease and
illness
Reasons for seeking particular
types of medical service
Patient compliance or
noncompliance with medical
advice.
Health services
For S.vulnerable groups
9. Social behavior plays a critical role in
determining or/and influencing the health of
individuals, groups, and the larger society.
The most important thing for all specialties
in Medicine is the diagnosis of disease in
patients but studying the underlying cause of
disease, spread, cultural effects, the ability
to control among all family members and
friends, neighborhood (family diagnosis) is
also important for control that disease in the
community.
10. Many facts relating social conditions to
diseases as low social classes had higher
morbidities and mortalities than higher
classes
The spread of diseases is heavily influenced
by: the socioeconomic status of individuals,
ethnic traditions or beliefs, cultural factors
and types of nutrition
More than one individual in the same family
are affected by the disease
11. Socioeconomic / demographic data: as age,
family size, education, occupation, habits,
income, residence, position in siblings, etc..
Conditions of house: available facilities
Nutritional status, breast feeding,, types of
food, food habits
Marital status: divorce, death of parents
Satisfaction with available services,
attendance, immunization coverage
Prevailing health services, types
Political, legal, religious aspects affecting H
12. Health promotion of all people: life style
modification, health education.
Co-operation with other sectors affecting
health, change polices, put legislations
Research studies to improve health,
prevent diseases, help handicaps
Diagnosis & treatment of diseased,
prevent spread to others. Acceptable,
qualified health services
Health impact assessment for all projects
13. Sharing in local community
in planning or in solving social problems
related to health
Counseling
Share in controlling disasters
Community participation, mobilization,
increasing advocacy
Assessment of QOL ,quantify pensions for
disabled
14. It is the primary unit of society
It consists of group of biologically
related individuals living together
and eat from the same kitchen
(household may include servants)
Family members share common
genes, physical, social, cultural and
environmental conditions.
15. Formation: marriage
Extension: birth of 1st child
Complete extension: birth of last child
Contraction: 1st child leave home, death of
members
Complete contraction: last child leave, death
of parents.
Not all family cycles are the same
16. Nuclear family: married couples &
Their dependent children
Joint family: extended, includes married
couples and their children, in rural areas,
usually men are related by blood. All
properties in house belong to all. Senior man
has the authority, they give strength to each
other, continue family name.
Three generation family: children,parents
and grandparents.
Broken family: divorce, died , separated
17. Residence: to offer clean comfortable
place
Distribution of functions
Reproduction, child rearing
Socialization of children before school
Economic support * Health care
Social support during labor, stress, insults,
care of elderly, handicapped
Family acts as placenta feeding its members
with filtered beneficial habits required to be
physically, socially & mentally healthy
18. Concept of disease etiology, treatment: evil
eye, god’s will, past mistakes, spirit or ghost.
use of folk remedies, plants, zar, hegab
Unsanitary disposal of sewage, refuse: in
street, public places, in water, animal
breading inside houses.
Food habits: vegetarians, fasting, certain
type of cooking, utensils, additives, food
staffs, male eats more and first
Child labor:by daya, no antenatal care, kohl
wrapping, no bath, breast feeding
19. Personal hygiene: no bath, oral /teeth
hygiene, shared shaving, circumcision,
drinking from same cup, cutting nails,
wearing shoes. Smoking sheesha
Early marriage, childbirth