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MySQL High Availability: Managing Farms of Distributed Servers (MySQL Fabric)
1.
Copyright © 2013,
Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.1
2.
Copyright © 2013,
Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.2 MySQL High Availability: Managing Farms of Distributed Servers (MySQL Fabric) Mats Kindahl Alfranio Correia Narayanan Venkateswaran
3.
3 | 21/09/2013
| Copyright © 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. The following is intended to outline our general product direction. It is intended for information purposes only, and may not be incorporated into any contract. It is not a commitment to deliver any material, code, or functionality, and should not be relied upon in making purchasing decision. The development, release, and timing of any features or functionality described for Oracle’s products remains at the sole discretion of Oracle. Safe Harbor Statement
4.
4 | 21/09/2013
| Copyright © 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Agenda MySQL High Availability Options MySQL Fabric – New kid on the block MySQL Fabric – Failure detection and Failover MySQL Fabric-aware connectors MySQL Fabric – Playing with the new kid
5.
5 | 21/09/2013
| Copyright © 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. MySQL High Availability Options
6.
6 | 21/09/2013
| Copyright © 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. What Causes Downtime? System Failures – Server faults – Software bugs or crashes Physical Disasters Scheduled Maintenance User Errors
7.
7 | 21/09/2013
| Copyright © 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Effect and Impact Effect: – Service Unavailability – Bad response time Impact: – Revenue loss – Negative impact on customer relationships – Reduced employee productivity – Regulatory issues
8.
8 | 21/09/2013
| Copyright © 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Another Amazon Outage Exposes the Cloud's Dark Lining By Brad Stone - Bloomberg Businessweek “The entire incident lasted all of 49 minutes...”
9.
9 | 21/09/2013
| Copyright © 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Causes of Downtime in Production MySQL Servers By Baron Schwartz – Percona “It is ironic but true that high-availability tools can cause downtime.”
10.
10 | 21/09/2013
| Copyright © 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Failures are inevitable so design your systems taking this into account.
11.
11 | 21/09/2013
| Copyright © 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. High Availability Solutions Primary-Secondary Shared Nothing Clusters Tightly-coupled Clusters
12.
12 | 21/09/2013
| Copyright © 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Simple to configure Different Platforms Configured over LAN or WAN No Shared Storage or Virtual IP required Primary-Secondary Characteristics MySQL Replication in 5.6 Master Slave Slave Slave Slave
13.
13 | 21/09/2013
| Copyright © 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Asynchronous Replication: risk of data loss (unless using semi-sync) Performance overhead to master No automatic failover or switchover (unless using MySQL Utilities) Primary-Secondary Characteristics MySQL Replication in 5.6 Master Slave Slave Slave Slave
14.
14 | 21/09/2013
| Copyright © 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Multi-master architecture No single point of failure Support for SQL and NoSQL Interfaces Synchronous replication Shared Nothing Clusters Characteristics MySQL Cluster MySQL Cluster Data Nodes MySQL Servers
15.
15 | 21/09/2013
| Copyright © 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Tightly Coupled Clusters Provide Active/Passive Solution Examples: – DRBD – WSFC – Solaris Clustering – Oracle Virtual Machines
16.
16 | 21/09/2013
| Copyright © 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Linux Kernel module integrated into Oracle Linux Synchronous replication Only one MySQL operational Distributed Replicated Block Device Characteristics DRBD (Regular Operation) Pacemaker MySQL DRBD MySQL DRBD Corosync ServicesCluster
17.
17 | 21/09/2013
| Copyright © 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cluster Management System required Virtual IP migration Distributed Replicated Block Device Characteristics DRBD (Failover) Pacemaker MySQL DRBD MySQL DRBD Corosync ServicesCluster
18.
18 | 21/09/2013
| Copyright © 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cluster Management System required Virtual IP migration Distributed Replicated Block Device Characteristics DRBD (Failover) Pacemaker MySQL DRBD MySQL DRBD Corosync ServicesCluster
19.
19 | 21/09/2013
| Copyright © 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Required: – Windows Clustering – Shared Storage Only one MySQL Operational Virutal IP migration Shared storage used to vote Shared Storage Characteristics Windows Server Failover Clustering (Regular Operation) SharedStorageServers MySQL Windows Clustering MySQL Windows Clustering Services Vote Data Binary Log
20.
20 | 21/09/2013
| Copyright © 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. MySQL Fabric – New kid on the block
21.
21 | 21/09/2013
| Copyright © 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Distributed framework Extensions are first-class Citizens Supported by a variety of connectors Fault-tolerant solution You can suggest features, report bugs and contribute patches MySQL Fabric Still early alpha, long journey ahead Farms of MySQL 5.6 Servers
22.
22 | 21/09/2013
| Copyright © 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Support for Primary- Secondary Focus on MySQL 5.6 and later Written in Python Birds-eye View Characteristics High Availability Groups MySQL Fabric Application XML-RPC SQL Key Components
23.
23 | 21/09/2013
| Copyright © 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Fabric-aware connectors: – Route Transactions – Cache Information – Currently Python, Java, PHP Birds-eye View Characteristics High Availability Groups MySQL Fabric Application XML-RPC SQL Fabric-aware Connectors
24.
24 | 21/09/2013
| Copyright © 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. XML-RPC is widely available Extensible Framework Failures taken into account Architecture Characteristics MySQL MySQL Fabric Framework Executor State Store (Persister) Sh ?HA MySQLAMQP XML-RPC ?? Extensions Backing Store Protocols
25.
25 | 21/09/2013
| Copyright © 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. MySQL Fabric: Prerequisites MySQL Servers 5.6.10 (or later): – Backing Store – Managed Servers Python 2.6 or 2.7 MySQL Utilities 1.4.0 – Available at labs (http://labs.mysql.com)
26.
26 | 21/09/2013
| Copyright © 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. MySQL Fabric – Failure Detection and Failover
27.
27 | 21/09/2013
| Copyright © 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Fabric keeps information on groups Application defines the group that it will use Connection failures regularly propagated HA Overview Characteristics High Availability GroupMySQL Fabric ApplicationOperator
28.
28 | 21/09/2013
| Copyright © 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Failure Detection and Failover Current Status: – Simple failure detector/recovery per group Considering: – Make connectors report failures – Support external/custom failure detectors – Improve failover/switchover algorithm – Extend servers/system to avoid the split-brain problem
29.
29 | 21/09/2013
| Copyright © 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Enabled per group Failure Detection group = Group.fetch(self.__group_id) for server in group.servers(): if server.is_alive(): continue if group.master == server.uuid: trigger("FAIL_OVER", [], self.__group_id) else: trigger("SERVER_LOST", [], self.__group_id, server.uuid) server.status = MySQLServer.FAULTY Failover if master has gone Notification if not master Server marked as faulty
30.
30 | 21/09/2013
| Copyright © 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Failover Master Slave Slave Slave Slave T1 T2 T3 T1 T2 T3 T1 T1 T2 T1 Master fails
31.
31 | 21/09/2013
| Copyright © 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Failover Master Slave Slave Slave Slave T1 T2 T3 T1 T2 T3 T1 T1 T2 T1 Choosing a candidate
32.
32 | 21/09/2013
| Copyright © 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Failover Master Slave Slave Slave Slave T1 T2 T3 T1 T2 T3 T1 T1 T2 T1 Pointing to the new master
33.
33 | 21/09/2013
| Copyright © 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Making Fabric Itself HA Current Status: – Fabric can automatically resume on-going activities – Backing store is not left in an inconsistent state – Information is cached in the connector Considering: – Replicated State Machine among Fabric nodes – Use MySQL Cluster as backing store
34.
34 | 21/09/2013
| Copyright © 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Crash-safe Procedures MySQL Fabric Framework State Store (Persister) Sh HA MySQLAMQP XML-RPC MySQL Executor Procedure. Step 1 Procedure. Step 2 Procedure. Step 3 Regular Execution
35.
35 | 21/09/2013
| Copyright © 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Crash-safe Procedures MySQL Fabric Framework State Store (Persister) Sh HA MySQLAMQP XML-RPC MySQL Executor Procedure. Step 1 Procedure. Step 2 Procedure. Step 3 Failover/Recovery Execution
36.
36 | 21/09/2013
| Copyright © 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Crash-safe Procedures MySQL Fabric Framework State Store (Persister) Sh HA MySQLAMQP XML-RPC MySQL Executor Procedure. Step 1 Procedure. Step 2 Procedure. Step 3 Resuming Execution
37.
37 | 21/09/2013
| Copyright © 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Writing a procedure @_events.on_event(STEP_1) def do_something(group_id): _do_it(group_id) _events.trigger_within_procedure(STEP_2, group_id) ) @do_something.undo def undo_something(group_id): _undo_it(group_id) Trigger the next step Compensate Operation Transactional Context
38.
38 | 21/09/2013
| Copyright © 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. MySQL Fabric: Using MySQL Cluster MySQL Fabric Framework State Store (Persister) Sh HA MySQLAMQP XML-RPC MySQL Fabric Framework State Store (Persister) Sh HA MySQLAMQP XML-RPC MySQL Cluster Executor Executor
39.
39 | 21/09/2013
| Copyright © 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. MySQL MySQL Fabric Framework Executor State Store (Persister) Sh HA MySQLAMQP XML-RPC MySQL tore ter) Sh HA L-RPC MySQ Fram Executor MAMQP MySQL MySQL Fabric Framework Executor State Store (Persister) Sh HA MySQLAMQP XML-RPC RSMRSM MySQL Fabric: Using Replicated State Machine
40.
40 | 21/09/2013
| Copyright © 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. MySQL Fabric-aware Connectors
41.
41 | 21/09/2013
| Copyright © 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Use MySQLFabricConnection Writing an application import mysql.connector.fabric as connector conn = connector.MySQLFabricConnection( fabric={"host": "fabric.example.com", "port" : 8080}, user='mats', passwd= 'passwd', database="employees") conn.set_property(group='YYZ') cur = conn.cursor() Connecting to a Group Define a group Get a cursor to master in YYZ
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| Copyright © 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Connectors cannot hide failures Multi-statement transaction
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| Copyright © 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Connectors cannot hide failures Single-statement transaction
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| Copyright © 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Writing an application try: conn.start_transaction() conn.execute('INSERT...') conn.execute('UPDATE...') self.__cnx.commit() except InterfaceError as error: cur = conn.cursor() Handling Connection Failures Connectors cannot safely retry or reconnect
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| Copyright © 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Plan your application to retry after a failure.
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| Copyright © 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Good practices Handle session information in the retry logic: – Temporary tables – Session variables – Prepared statements Check the wait_timeout server's property Do not set connection_timeout
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| Copyright © 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Blogs http://alfranio-distributed.blogspot.com/2013/09/writing-fault-tolerant-database.html http://alfranio-distributed.blogspot.com/2013/09/tips-to-build-fault-tolerant-database.html Documents http://miscalculation/why-mysql/white-papers/mysql-guide-to-high-availability-solutions/ http://dev.mysql.com/doc/workbench/en/mysql-utilities.html Code MySQL Fabric available at http://labs.mysql.com/ References
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| Copyright © 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. MySQL Fabric – Playing with the new kid
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| Copyright © 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Use MTR Do it manually, use sandbox, whatever you like Starting MySQL Servers Quick Setup rpl_fabric_gtid.cnf: !include ../my.cnf [mysqld.n] reporthost=localhost logslaveupdates innodb gtidmode=on enforcegtidconsistency masterinforepository=TABLE source include/have_innodb.inc rpl_fabric_gtid.test:
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| Copyright © 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Python 2.6 or 2.7 MySQL Utilities 1.4.0 Check configuration file MySQL Fabric Installation Quick Setup fabric.cfg: [storage] address = localhost:3306 user = fabric password = database = fabric connection_timeout = 6 [protocol.xmlrpc] address = localhost:8080 threads = 5 url = file:///var/log/fabric.log
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| Copyright © 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Configure the state store Start fabric Manage your groups Run MySQL Fabric Quick Setup mysqlfabric manage setup mysqlfabric manage start Terminal 1: mysqlfabric listcommands mysqlfabric group create YYZ mysqlfabric group add localhost:1300 root '' Terminal 2:
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| Copyright © 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Thoughts for the Future ● Connector multi-cast ● Scatter-gather ● Internal interfaces ● Improve extension support ● Improve procedures support ● Command-line interface ● Improving usability ● Focus on ease-of-use ● More protocols ● MySQL-RPC Protocol? ● AMQP? ● More frameworks? ● More HA group types ● DRBD ● MySQL Cluster ● Fabric-unaware connectors?
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| Copyright © 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Thoughts for the Future ● “More transparent” sharding ● Single-query transactions ● Cross-shard joins is a problem ● Multiple shard mappings ● Independent tables ● Multi-way shard split ● Efficient initial sharding ● Better use of resources ● High-availability executor ● Node failure stop execution ● Replicated State Machine ● Fail over to other Fabric node ● Distributed failure detector ● Connectors report failures ● Custom failure detectors
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| Copyright © 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Thank you!
55.
Copyright © 2013,
Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.55 Your Feedback is Highly Appreciated! http://forums.mysql.com/list.php?144
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