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322 Marketing Environment
- 3. Actors in the Microenvironment
- 12. The Seven U.S. Generations
- 20. Political Environment Includes Laws, Government Agencies, and Pressure Groups that Influence or Limit Various Organizations and Individuals In a Given Society. Increasing Legislation Changing Government Agency Enforcement Increased Emphasis on Ethics & Socially Responsible Actions
Hinweis der Redaktion
- Microenvironment includes: the company itself, supplies, marketing channel firms, customer markets, competitors, and publics. Macroenvironment includes: demographic, economic, natural, technological, political, and cultural forces.
- Resellers are distribution channel firms that help the company find customers or make sales to them. These include wholesalers and retailers who buy and resell merchandise. Resellers often perform important functions more cheaply than the company can perform itself. However, seeking and working with resellers is not easy because of the power that some demand and use. Physical distribution firms help the company to stock and move goods from their points of origin to their destinations. Examples would be warehouses (that store and protect goods before they move to the next destination). Marketing services agencies (such as marketing research firms, advertising agencies, media firms, etc.) help the company target and promote its products to the right markets. Financial intermediaries (such as banks, credit companies, insurance companies, etc.) help finance transactions and insure against risks associated with buying and selling goods.
- Financial Public: influence the company’s ability to obtain funds. Banks, investment houses, and stockholders and the major financial publics. Media Publics: carry news, features, and editorial opinion. They include newspapers, magazines, and radio and television stations. Government Publics: Management must take government developments into account. Marketers must often consult the company’s lawyers on issues of product safety, truth in advertising, and other matters. Citizen-Action Publics: A company’s marketing decisions may be questioned by consumer organizations, environmental groups, minority groups, and others. Its public relations department can help it stay in touch with consumer and citizen groups. Local Publics: include neighborhood residents and community organizations. Large companies usually appoint a community relations office to deal with the community, attend meetings, answer questions, and contribute to worthwhile causes. General Public: A company needs to be concerned about the general public’s attitude toward its products and activities. The public’s image of the company affects its buying. Internal Publics: include workers, managers, volunteers, and the board of directors. Large companies use newsletters and other means to inform and motivate their internal publics. When employees feel good about their company , this positive attitude spills over to external publics.