Assisting smallholder farmers in mixed crop-livestock systems to understand the potential effects of management options and climate change through participatory modeling
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Assisting smallholder farmers in mixed crop-livestock systems to understand the potential effects of management options and climate change through participatory modeling
1. Assisting smallholder farmers in mixed
crop-livestock systems to understand
the potential effects of management
options and climate change through
participatory modeling
Patricia Masikati
Beating Famine Conference 14- 17 April 2015
Lilongwe, Malawi
2. Outline
⢠Participatory approaches in mixed farming
systems
⢠Frame work
⢠Participatory modeling
⢠Use of approach in Agroforestry systems
⢠Key messages
3. ⢠Complex systems with various interacting subsystems
⢠Productive resources are limited and used inefficiently as evidenced by
continued low production
⢠Low technology adoption
⢠Limited integration of diverse viewpoints from experts and specialized
stakeholders during technology development
⢠Viewed as an important route to increase productvity and sustainability
of small-holder farmers
Integrated crop-livestock systems
4. ⢠Inclusion of stakeholders in technology
development, implementation and marketing
of the products
⢠Participatory modeling: combines
participatory research approach and
computer based modeling that engages
stakeholders
⢠Iterative processes to bring about widely
accepted solutions
⢠Facilitates cooperative learning and
developments of solutions
Participatory methods
5. ⢠Iterative process-more widely
accepted solution
⢠Cooperative learning and
development of solutions
⢠Improvements as new situations
arise
Framework
8. Water efficient farming systems
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
System2 system1
Total available biomass kg
Insiza
mazhayimbe
0
1
2
3
4
System2 WP System1 WP
System WP kg/m3
Insiza
mazhayimbe
-6000
-4000
-2000
0
2000
4000
System2 system1
Feed deficits kg/year
Insiza
mazhayimbe
Result presentation and discussion
Effect of inclusion of forage crops in current farming systems on total biomass, feed
deficits and total biomass water productivity. System 1 = Maize, Mucuna and Bana
grass, system 2 = Maize and groundnuts.
10. Potential Use of Approach in Agroforestry Systems
⢠Tradeoffs and synergies occurring both on-
and off-site and varying over time
⢠Involves a number of stakeholder,
⢠Benefits achieved in the longterm, CSA
Lloyd S et al., 1993
⢠Agroforestry systems are complex
with various interrelating factors
⢠Involves multiple products or
benefits (non and intended),
12. ⢠Potential to achieve many of the environmental, economic
and social objectives which field experiments and other
participatory approaches might not be able fathom.
⢠Targeting of relevant and significant interventions in farming
systems
⢠Facilitates analysis of individual components to understand
simplistic relationships, evaluation of more complex
interactions and determine overall systems efficiency.
⢠Ex-ante impact assessments and interactions from increased
management input and increased diversity, along with
determining efficient risk reduction strategies in the context of
climate change
Modeling Agroforestry Systems
13. ⢠Systems modeling has been used to achieve relevant and
significant interventions in commercial farm management
systems e.g. Australia
⢠Modeling has not yet received much significant attention in
complex farming systems and decision-making processes in
SSA.
⢠Constraints to application of this methodology are mainly lack
of data (biophysical, socio-economic), expertise and validated
modeling tools or models.
Constraints
14. ⢠Use of these tools
⢠Would significantly contribute to sharpen our understanding
on impacts of different interventions
⢠Targeting of relevent interventions to improve, systems
efficiency with much less resources as compared to field
experiments.
⢠Assist in determining profitable and feasible intervention
before implementation.
⢠As said by Dosskey and Wells, 2000 âFew things disappoint a
landowner such as spending money, time, and effort on a project that
failsâŚ. Especially one like agroforestry, where it can be years before
problems become apparentâ.
Avenue worth pursuing
15. ⢠The complex nature of smallholder farming systems means that
there are many entry points and a wide range of technologies
and strategies on offer
⢠Computer-based participatory modeling offers scientists,
farmers and specialized stakeholders a tool to develop and
evaluate the impact of interventions at varying scales in time
and space
⢠The process allows farmers, scientist and other stakeholders
to understand the impact of their decisions, evaluate new
options and define possible production and management
options tailored to their particular circumstances
⢠However technology adoption is not mainly based on its
agronomic performance but by other factors/uses that would be
important to the overall farm production and household needs
Key messages