1. Structure in Context
(Sentence Structure)
Afiqah Nuraini (A143857)
Yazmalina Yaacob (A143822)
Hayani Amanina (A143844)

2. Clause
• Definition : a group of related words
containing a subject and a verb or a subject
and a predicate
• Basic kind of sentence consist of single clause
• More complicated sentences may contain
multiple clauses

3. Clause = finite verb+subject
Phrase = finite verb/subject

4. Independent Clause
• can stand alone as a complete simple
sentence
• Example;
After the class, he went for a group assignment

5. Dependent Clause
• must be connected to or part of another
clause.
• subordinate to a main clause
• Example;
After the class, he went for a group assignment

6. • To connect independent clause and
dependent clause, use conjunctions.
• There are two types of conjunction;
i. Subordinating Conjunctions
ii. Coordinating Conjunctions

7. Subordinating Conjunctions
• Conjunctions that introduce dependent
clause.
• Being placed before independent clause to
make it become dependent
• Example:
“Doris bought a cake”
“After Doris bought a cake…”

8. Common subordinating conjunctions;

9. Types of subordinating conjunctions

10. Coordinating Conjunctions
• Connects two independents clauses.
• It is simple conjuctions.
• Example; for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so
(FANBOYS)

11. Types of sentences
• Simple sentences
• Compound sentences
• Complex sentences
• Compound-complex sentences

12. Simple sentences
Also called as INDEPENDENT CLAUSE that contains
subject and verb which expresses complete
thought.
• Joanna is sleeping on the bed
- One subject and one verb.
• Nabila and Alia are taking pictures.
- Compound subject and one verb.

13. • Yazmalina is sitting while eating in the room.
- One subject and compound verb.
• Anis and Nadirah are looking and giggling at
the boys.
- Compound subject and compound verb

14. Compound sentences
• Consist of two independent clauses joined by
a coordinator.
• Coordinators of compound sentences ; for,
and , nor, but, or, yet, so (FANBOYS)
• Yani is sleeping , and Anis is watching a movie.
• Yani is sleeping, so Anis went for a movie.
• Yani is sleeping, for Anis went for a movie.

15. Complex sentences
• Independent clause + 1 or more dependent
clauses.
• Always use:
i. Subordinator; because, since, after, although,
when
ii. Relative pronoun; that, who, which
• The sentence can be started either with
independent clause or dependent clause.

16. • Independent clause + dependent clause
- She can swim but he cannot.
• Dependent clause + independent clause
- After the class, he went for a group
assignment.

17. Compound-Complex sentences
• Two Independent clauses + one or more Dependent
clauses.
 Although I like to go camping, I haven't had the time to
go lately, and I haven't found anyone to go with.
1.independent clause: "I haven't had the time to go
lately"
2.independent clause: "I haven't found anyone to go
with"
3.dependent clause: "Although I like to go camping... "