This document summarizes oral microbial flora and bacterial morphology. It discusses the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells and describes bacterial size, shape, anatomy including cell wall, cytoplasm membrane, nucleus, capsule and flagella. The document also covers bacterial growth, staining techniques, normal oral flora and the most predominant bacterial taxa found in the oral cavity. It explains how the oral cavity acquires bacteria initially and how the flora varies with age and eruption of teeth.

1. ORAL MICROBIAL
FLORA AND
MORPHOLOGY OF
BACTERIA
PRESENTED BY: ASHWINI AJAY
GUIDED BY: Dr. RAMESH

2. SYNOPSIS
Morphology of bacteria
difference between prokaryote and
eukaryote cell
size of bacteria
shape of bacteria

3. bacterial anatomy
growth , multiplication and bacterial growth curve
bacterial nutrition
Staining
Oral microbial flora
Normal microbial flora
normal microbial flora of the mouth
acquisition of normal flora of mouth

4. INTRODUCTION
Microorganism are
living structure of
microscopical size.
They are classified in
the group Protista

6. EUKARYOTIC CELL
ALGAE
FUNGUS
PROTOZOA
SLIME MOULD

7. PROKARYOTIC CELL
Streptococcus bacteria
E.Coli

9. SIZE OF BACTERIA

10. SHAPE OF THE
BACTERIA

11. BACTERIAL
ANATOMYCELL WALL
Cell wall is a tough and rigid structure,
surrounding the bacterium like the shell.
GRAM POSITVE GRAM NEGATIVE

12. It is 5- 10 nm thick elastic semi
permeable layer
Acts as an osmotic barrier
Site of numerous enzymes (
permease, oxidase, polymerase )
Acts as a semipermeable membrane
CYTOPLASMIC MEMBRANE

13. Bacterial nucleus has no nuclear
membrane
some bacteria may possess
extranuclear material in the
cytoplasm consisting of DNA named
plasmids and episomes
NUCLEUS

14. Viscid layer that surrounds the bacteria
as the outermost layer.
When it diffuse into the surrounding
medium it remains as a loose
undemarcated secretion is known as
slime layer.
When this secretion is orginized it is
called capsule.
BACTERIAL CAPSULE AND SLIME LAYER

15. They are cytoplasmic appendages
protruding the cell wall.
they are composed of protein called
flagellin , it is 5-20um in length &
0.01-0.02 in diameter.
FLAGELLA

16. Filament
Hook
Basal Body
PARTS OF FLAGELLA

17. ARRANGEMENT OF FLAGELLA
•Amphitrichous - single flagellum at both ends
• Monotrichous - single polar flagellum

18. • Lophotrichous - Tufts at one or both ends
• Peritrichous - Arranged all round the cell

19. GROWTH OF BACTERIA

20. BACTERIAL GROWTH CURVE

21. BACTERIAL NUTRITION

22. STAINING
DIFF
STAIN
NEGATIVE STAINSIMPLE STAIN IMPREG STAIN
GRAM STAIN ACID FAST STAIN

23. GRAM STAINING

24. process of gram staining

25. RESULT

26. ACID FAST STAIN

27. RESULT

28. MICROBIOLOGY OF
OROFACIAL REGION
One of the most varied and
numerous floras in the human body.
More than 500 bacterial taxa are
found in the oral cavity out of which
22 predominant ones.

29. ACQUISITION AND
VARIATION
At birth oral cavity is sterile
Becomes colonised by the environment
in particular mothers milk
98 % Sterptococcus salivarius

30. Eruption of teeth
Colonization by S.mutans and S.
sanguinis
Requires non- epithelial surface to
colonize
Colonize as long as the teeth is in the oral
cavity

31. REGULATING FACTORS

32. MICROORGANISIMS
Aerobic Anaerobic
-ve rods+ve rods-ve cocci+ve cocci +ve cocci -ve cocci +ve rods -ve rods

33. GRAM POSITIVE COCCI AND BACILLI

34. GRAM POSITIVE COCCI

37. GRAM POSITIVE BACILLI

38. GRAM NEGATIVE COCCI

39. GRAM NEGATIVE BACILLI

40. THANK YOU