1. EXAMINE THE CAUSES OF CHANGES IN
MORTALITY IN DEVELOPING
COUNTRIES BETWEEN THE
1950-2010
Developing countries import techniques from in industrialized countries and
apply them in mass public health programmes at relatively low cost with the help
of international agencies like the world health organization. The decline in
mortality between 1950- 2010 has been attributed to technological advances in
prevention and control of diseases, the growth and expansion of public health
services, medical services as well as improved nutrition.
Technological advances, it led to the introduction of insecticides such as
DDT, vaccines like BCG.and antibiotics .Increasing use of penicillin, are
believed to have curtailed mortality from phenomena, and other respiratory
diseases and typhoid and other enteric disease.
The introduction of DDT spraying, destroyed malaria carrying vectors,
and reduced the deaths of malaria in LDCs from an average of about 21/ 10000
in 1936 to 12/1000 in 1950-1952.
In addition Behm and Guitierrez explained mortality trends in Chille where they
suggested that decline in mortality from infectious diseases in 1945 and 1950
was due to the introduction of antibiotics like sulfa and by early 1960s death
rates had stabilized although at a relatively moderate level.

2. EXAMINE THE CAUSES OF CHANGES IN MORTALITY IN DEVELOPING
COUNTRIES BETWEEN THE 1950-2010
• Medical service; for example in madras cities infant mortality decline from 168/1000 in 1951
to 115/1000 in 1962, this was due to ,-compulsory vaccination which reduced deaths from
killer diseases like polio, small pox, measles , whooping cough.
• Training of mid wives who help in delivering and this helps to reduce both maternal and
infant mortality.
• Provision of basic prenatal and post natal services to mothers and infants in maternity clinics.
• Increasing frequencies with which confinements take place in hospitals.
• Public health services ; extending the coverage of safe water supplies in both urban and rural
areas of developing countries for example the extension of safe water supply to 90% of the
population in Trinidad and Tobogo between 1920 and 1960 led to the reduction in prevalence
and deaths from water borne diseases
• Janer suggested that the rise in life expectancy in Puerto Rico from the 38 years in 1920 to 46
years in 1940 was mainly as a result of public health and sanitation measures adopted by the
public and government.
• In 1950, life expectancy increased to 61 years and this was due to profound social and
economic improvements, intensified health and sanitation efforts eliminated diseases like
malaria which were the causes of death.

3. EXAMINE THE CAUSES OF CHANGES IN MORTALITY IN DEVELOPING
COUNTRIES BETWEEN THE 1950-2010
• By the 1920s,about 1/3 of the urban population in developing countries had drinking water
supplies in the urban although the situation was worse in rural areas for example in Brazil’s
death rates by 1950 were 20/1000
Taylor and Hall believed that the principal forces accounting to in recent mortality decline in
developing countries have been general nutrition and economic improvement. Factors like
improved agricultural methods resulting into better produce and food reduced on the hunger
crisis, access to clean water led to the reduced spreads of communicable diseases in addition
to improved basic education which improved knowledge.
women empowerment or female education, several demographic surveys have documented a
consistent relationship between higher maternal education and lower levels of mortality
among children under 5 years of age in Latin America. Almost a third of global health gains
as measured by mortality reductions in the period 1960- 1990 are attributed to gains in female
education as more educated mothers have been able to reduce health risks and been able to
access modern health services

4. EXAMINE THE CAUSES OF CHANGES IN MORTALITY IN DEVELOPING
COUNTRIES BETWEEN THE 1950-2010
The role of income; in the specific time period between 1900-1950 higher income
was associated with higher life expectancies, this was achieved by reducing health
risks and being able to utilized the existing services more effectively with higher
incomes. In addition it increased access to low cost and better health technologies,
safe water and sanitation, vector control campaigns, information and this was
responsible for almost half of the gains in health between 1952 and 1992 in LDCs

5. EXAMINE THE CAUSES OF CHANGES IN MORTALITY IN DEVELOPING
COUNTRIES BETWEEN THE 1950-2010
• In a nutshell, It appears from fragmentary records that life expectancy at
birth during 1935-39 was about 30 years in Africa and Asia and 40 years in
Latin America. On the other hand degenerative diseases also prevail.
• Reference
• united nation’s handbook, trends and determinants of demography
• Campbell H, Chiang R, Hansluwka H. Cancer mortality in
• Europe. Patterns and trends, 1955–1974. World Health
• Statistics Quarterly, 1980, 33: 152–184.

6. POPULATION ECONOMICS 2 GROUP MEMBERS
NAME REGISTRATION UMBER.
Abudhi Ibrahim 11/u/8507/PS
Mirembe Sandra 11/U/8534/PS
ORISHABA EUNICE 11/U/24083/PS
Twinamasiko Edecias 11/u/4450/ps
NIWAGABA DARIUS 11/U/6673/PS