1. -Mr. Aaron S. Gogate
B.BSc(Nursing)

2. MEANING
 Counseling denotes ‘giving of advice’.
 It is a specialized service of guidance.
 It is a process designed to help an
individual grow to greater maturity
through learning and to makes
decisions of an individual.

3. DEFINITION
 Counseling is a method that helps
the client to use a problem solving
process to recognize and manage
stress and that facilitates
interpersonal relationships among
client, family and health care team

4. AIMS OF COUNSELING
IT HELPS STUDENT TO UNDERSTAND:-
1) Self in terms of
ability, interest, motivation, and
potential.
2) Gain Insight related to emotional
difficulties.
3) Alter maladaptive behavior.
4) Achieving integration and fulfill their
potentials.

5. ETHICS OF COUNSELING
i. CONFEDENTIALITY
ii. TOLERANCE
iii.VOLUNTARY
iv.OBJECTIVITY

6. PRINCIPLES OF
COUNSELING
1) PRINCIPLE OF ACCEPTANCE
2) PRINCIPLE OF RESPECT FOR AN
INDIVIDUAL
3) PRINCIPLE OF THINKING WITH
AN INDIVIDUAL
4) PRINCIPLE OF PERMISIVENESS
5) PRINCIPLE OF LEARNING
6) PRINCIPLE OF CONSISTENCY

7. ATTRIBUTES OF A
COUNSELLOR
1) PRE-TRAINING ATTRIBUTES:-
 Self awareness and understanding
 Good psychological health
 Open-minded
 Objectivity
 Trust worthiness
 Approachability

8. 2) INTER-TRAINING ATTRIBUTES:-
 Interview setting:-
Physical arrangement-chairs should be
kept facing each other. closeness of counselor
indicates attentiveness and willingness.
A warm friendly greeting.
Maintaining Eye-contact.
 Problem focus
 Identifying an important theme
 Directing theme towards a goal
 Managing interaction with an individual

9. STEPS OF COUNSELING
 G-GREET THE CLIENT
 A-ASK CLIENTS ABOUT THEMSELVES
 T-TELL CLIENTS OR GIVE THE
INFORMATION OF STRATEGIES OF
COPOING MECHANISMS
 H-HELP CLIENT TO CHOOSE A
METHOD
 E-EXPLAIN HOW TO USE
 R-RETURN FOR FOLLOW-UP

10. TOOLS FOR COLLECTING
INFORMATION
1. INTERVIEW
2. OBSERVATION
3. ANECDOTAL RECORDS
4. CUMULATIVE RECORDS
5. PROBLEM/INTEREST CHECKLIST
6. RATING SCALES
7. SOCIOMETRY
8. PSYCHOLOGICAL TEST

11. APPROACHES OF COUNSELLING
1) DIRECTIVE COUNSELLING:-
 Also called as counselor-centered Counseling
 Process of listening to member’s problem,
deciding with the member what should be
done, and then encouraging and motivating
the person to do it.
 This type of counseling is more useful where
the individual wants information and advice for
choice of a career. This approach does not
focus its attention on personality
development

12. 2) NON-DIRECTIVE COUNSELLING:-
 Counseling in which the counselor is
empathetic and does not evaluate or direct
(but may clarify) clients' remarks, thus
assisting them to accept responsibility for
their own problem-solving.
 In this counseling, the client has to be led to
a point of realization, self-help.
 Information may be used to classify a choice
and to implement a decision.

13. SR DIRECTIVE NON DIRECTIVE
NO.
1. Economical Time consuming
2. Emphasis on problem Emphasis on Individual
3. Explain on intellect Explain on emotional aspect
4. Solves immediate Problem Deals with self-analysis and new
problems of adjustment
5. Uses Psychological assessment May not use psychological
data assessment
6. Counselor plays active role Counselor plays passive role
7. counselor helps in decision Client takes own decision
making
8. Rapport forming is not significant Rapport forming is essential

14. 3) ECLECTIC COUNSELING:-
 Eclectic counseling is defined as the
synthesis and combination of directive and
non-directive counseling.
 It represents a middle status between the
two extremes represented by the ‘non-
directive’ technique on one hand and the
‘directive’ technique on the other.
 The counselor is neither too active as in the
directive counseling nor too passive as in
the non-directive counseling.

15. 4) CLINICAL COUNSELING
5) PSYCHOLOGICAL COUNSELING
6) PSYCHOTHERAPEUTIC COUNSELING
7) STUDENT COUNSELING
8) PLACEMENT COUNSELING
9) MARRIAGE COUNSELING
10) VOCATIONAL COUNSELING
11) INDIVIDUAL COUNSELING
12) GROUP COUNSELING
13) BEHAVIORAL COUNSELING
14) EDUCATIONAL COUNSELING
15) BEREAVEMENT COUNSELING