7. Stokes Parameters
I = |h+|2
+ |h⇥|2
Q = |h+|2
|h⇥|2
U = h⇤
⇥h+ + h⇤
+h⇥
V = i(h⇤
⇥h+ h⇤
+h⇥)
Consider the paSerns of burst and conBnuous sources
of gravitaBonal radiaBon on the sky
8. Tremendous Discoveries!
Black Holes: 25, 31M
! 53M + radiation
Violent Collisions in Distant Space
produce displacements on Earth
Smaller than the width of a proton
18. ds2
= dt2
+ ( ij + ✏ hij)dxi
dxj
How to detect: a quick calculaBon
h
19. if d~x
dt |i = 0 then d2
~x
dt2 = 0
test masses: d2
xi
dt2 + ( i
µ⌫
t
µ⌫)dxµ
dt
dx⌫
dt = 0
k · k = 0 ! q0
= 1
2
ˆ`i
12
ˆ`j
12 hij
ˆ`i
12qi
light: kµ
= dxµ
d = pµ
+ ✏ qµ
' = 2⇡⌫
R
dt =
R
d
⇣
1 + 1
2 ✏ ˆ`i
12
ˆ`j
12hij
⌘
ds2
= dt2
+ ( ij + ✏ hij)dxi
dxj
masses remain at
fixed coordinates
accumulated phase of
light depends on h
How to detect: a quick calculaBon
21. for each interferometer pair
correlate pairs
measure the power
s1(t) = '12 '13 + n1
S =
R
dt dt0
s1(t) s4(t0
) Q(t t0
)
How to detect a stochasBc background
I = |h+|2
+ |h⇥|2
µ = hSi = 3T
10⇡2 H2
0
R
df ⌦GW (f) R(f) ˜Q(f)/f3
for the expected signal
stochastic background
⌦GW =
f
⇢c
d⇢GW
df
⇢GW =
1
32⇡G
h˙hij
˙hij
i