Civil involment on 1999 kocaeli earthquake

Zeynep Turkmen
Social Worker, MA
zeynepturkmen@zeynepturkmen.com
zturkmen@ipkb.gov.tr
CIVIL INVOLMENT IN THE REHABILITATION OF
SOCIAL STRUCTURE AND EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM
FOLLOWING 1999 KOCAELİ EARTHQUAKE,
TURKEY

*1999 Kocaeli Eeartquake (E.Q)
* The expected E.Q thread for Istanbul :
JICA Report /E.Q Scenarios
* Preparedness for E.Q
- Social aspect
- Educational aspect
- Structural aspect
- Urban planning aspect
- Central and local governor sides
- Universities

THE RESULTS OF 1999THE RESULTS OF 1999
KOCAELIKOCAELI EARTHQUAKEEARTHQUAKE
• Location: NAF/ Adapazarı, Kocaeli, Gölcük
• Ms =7.4
• Date: On August 17, 1999
• Time: at 03:02 am local time
• Duration: 45 seconds
• Dead: 13.349
• Injured: 27.162
• Damaged buildings: ~ 120,000 / Beyond on repaired: ~ 50.000
• Direct economic impact: ~ US$5 billion
~ 2.5 percent of GNP.

KOCAELIKOCAELI EARTHQUAKESEARTHQUAKES 19991999
1999 Kocaeli E.Q’s are mile stones for
the concept of disaster awareness in Turkey

1999 Marmara Earthquakes hit Turkey’s industrial heartland
We live, therefore, in a different side than we did before 1999.
Pre-disaster measures such as mitigation and preparedness,
therefore, came onto the agenda of the government and
country together with the 1999 Marmara earthquakes.
Turkey has experienced frequent natural disasters.
Earthquakes, landslides, floods, rock falls, snow avalanches, etc,.

http://birimweb.icisleri.gov.tr

*The expected E.Q thread for Istanbul :
JICA Report /E.Q Scenarios

1509
1766
1894
20??
The Next İstanbul Earthquake

Influence of the 17 August 1999 Izmit Earthquake on
Seismic Hazards in Istanbul
Tom Parsons, Ross S. Stein, and James H. Dieterich
U.S. Geological Survey, MS 977, 345 Middlefield Road Menlo Park, CA, USA
Aykut Barka
Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
Shinji Toda
Earthquake Research Institute, University of Tokyo, Japan
The Report /2000
http://quake.usgs.gov
A 62 ?15% probability (one standard deviation) of
strong shaking during the next 30 years
and 32?12% during the next decade

Micro-zonation work including
geological and geophysical
investigations completed with the
assistance of Japanese JICA
organization in 2002.
Master Plan Report in 2003.
METROPOLITAN MUNІCІPALІTY OF
ISTANBUL
PLANNІNG AND CONSTRUCTION
DІRECTORІAT
GEOTECHNICAL AND EARTHQUAKE
INVESTІGATІON DEPARTMENT
EARTHQUAKE MASTER PLAN
FOR
ISTANBUL
Prepared By
BOĞAZİÇİ UNІVERSІTY
ISTANBUL TECHNICAL
UNІVERSІTY
MIDDLE EAST TECHNІCAL
UNІVERSІTY
YILDIZ TECHNІCAL UNІVERSІTY
7 JULY 2003
MASTER PLANMASTER PLAN www.ibb.gov.tr
http://www.koeri.boun.edu.tr/depremmuh/IBB.IDMP.ENG.pdf

The scope of Earthquake Master Plan for Istanbul
comprised of works to be done in the following areas
1. Assessment of current situation
2. Seismic assessment and rehabilitation of
existing buildings
3. Urban planning issues
4. Legal issues
5. Financial issues
6. Educational issues
7. Social issues
8. Risk and disaster management issues

EARTHQUAKE SCENARIOS
Model B
Model C Model D
JICA Report. Dec. 2002
Model A

BÜYÜKÇEKMECE
AVCILAR
BAHÇELİEVLER
ADALAR
BAKIRKÖY
EMİNÖNÜ
FATİH
GÜNGÖREN
BAYRAMPAŞA
ZEYTİNBURNU
PRIORITY of DISTRICTS

COLLAPSECOLLAPSE // HEAVY DAMAGEHEAVY DAMAGE BUILDINGSBUILDINGS
JICA Report Dec. 2002

70,000 death70,000 deathss (0.8%)(0.8%)
5,000 totally collapsed buildings5,000 totally collapsed buildings
60,000 heavily damaged buildings60,000 heavily damaged buildings
120,000 severely injured120,000 severely injured
2,000,000 temporarily homeless2,000,000 temporarily homeless
1600 damage points on water supply s1600 damage points on water supply syystemstem
13 damage points on natural gas lines and13 damage points on natural gas lines and
29,000 damaged service boxes29,000 damaged service boxes
Probability of falling of 20 bridgesProbability of falling of 20 bridges
6060 ±± 20 billion US$20 billion US$ financialfinancial lossloss
DAMAGE ESTIMATIONS OF THEDAMAGE ESTIMATIONS OF THE
MICROZONING PROJECTMICROZONING PROJECT
((FOR A M=7.5 ~20 KM FAR EARTHQUAKEFOR A M=7.5 ~20 KM FAR EARTHQUAKE))

THE POST-1999 PERIOD
DISASTER PREPAREDNESS AND MITIGATION
PRACTICES IN TURKEY
International
Organizations
Non-governmental
Organizations
Governmental
Organizations
Neigbourhood
Volunteers IndividualVolunteers
Hidden heros
from all sectors
Bussiness
Community
Universities
From
top
From
bottom
??????
others

- Law aspect
- Social aspect
- Structural/ building aspect
- Urban planing aspect
Preparedness for
Disasters

a) Compulsory Earthquake Insurance (Decree No. 587,
December 27, 1999): “Natural Disasters Insurance
Council” (DASK -- Turkish acronym)
b) Building Construction Supervision
(Decree No 595, April 10 2000)
c) Strengthening of Existing Search and Rescue Capacity of
General Directorate of Civil Defense (Decree No. 586 in
December 1999 and Decree No. 596 in April 2000)
d) Regulation for Buildings to be constructed in Disaster
Areas (1999)
continue...
LAW ASPECT: T.C Grand National Assembly / severel decrees were promulgated

e) Regulation for Implementation of Construction Supervision
(May 26, 2000)
f) General Conditions for Mandatory Financial Liability
Insurance for Construction Supervision Firms (July 10,
2000)
g) Regulation Concerning Amendments in the Standardized
Development Regulation for Municipalities Not Subject to
Law No. 3030 (July 13, 2000)
h) Decree With Power of Law Establishing Turkey Emergency
Management General Directorate under the Prime Ministry
No. 600, June 14, 2000
continue...

i) Regulation for Establishment, Responsibilities, Operational
Principles and Fundamentals of Civil Defense Search and
Rescue Unions and Teams
j) Testing Laboratory Requirements for Decree No. 595 (July
30, 2000)
k) Revision of the Law on Engineering and Architecture No.
3458 and Law on the Union of Chambers of Turkish
Engineers and Architects No. 6235 (Decree No. 601, June
28, 2000)

8.8. fivefive--year development plan (2001year development plan (2001--2005):2005):
State Planning Organization have created a specialState Planning Organization have created a special
commission, on Natural Disasters after the 1999commission, on Natural Disasters after the 1999
earthquakes for the preparations ofearthquakes for the preparations of 8.8. five yearfive year
development plan, and made some concretedevelopment plan, and made some concrete
recommendations considering four main aspects.recommendations considering four main aspects.
These are:These are:
Legislative issuesLegislative issues
Staff and financial infrastructureStaff and financial infrastructure
Training and technical infrastructureTraining and technical infrastructure
Long term actions.Long term actions.

Mutual Aid Protocols:Mutual Aid Protocols:
* MOI published a general notice on September 10, 1999
declaring that the provinces of Turkey are separated into 4
groups.
* Each province is responsible to help other provinces
within the same group in case of a disaster on a scale of
which is beyond the management capacity of the affected
province.
* Depending on the general notice, provinces in some
regions signed mutual aid protocols with each other.

Turkey Emergency Management General Directorate::
It has initiated Disaster Management Trainings
cooperation with the Bournemouth University.
EFFORTS FOR NATIONAL DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN
Ministry of Interior (MOI)
It has initiated Disaster Management seminars in
cooperation with JICA of Japan as well as with Turkish
universities.

PUBLIC AWARENESS AND
NEIGHBORHOOD COMMUNITY VOLUNTEERS

Civil Defense Corps (SSG)
Civil Defense Corps - Community Disaster Volunteers (SSG-TAG)
Neighborhood Disaster Volunteers (SDC- MAG)
Kadıköy Municipality Neighborhood Disaster Volunteers (Kadıköy MAG)
Neighborhood Disaster Management Volunteers (MAY)
İSTANBUL
PRACTICES
CREATING PUBLIC AWARENESS
ON DISASTER PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE

ABCD BASIC DISASTER AWARENESS
Bosphorus University, Kandilli Observatory & Earthquake Research Institute,
Disaster Preparedness Education Project
in Cooperation with Ministry of Education, and Community Volunteers (2001 - 2005)
CONTENT INSTRUCTOR TOOLS AND RESOURCES
METHODS RESULTS
Earthquake Hazard Hunt /
Family Disaster Plan
5.5 MILLION + DISTRIBUTED
III.4 We’re Getting Ready
Earthquake Hazard Hunt
Family Disaster Plan
III.5 Earthquake Drills
III.6 Fire Prevention & Fire Safety
IV. During and After an Earthquake?
IV.1 During an Earthquake
IV.2 After an Earthquake
IV.3 Evacuation
IV.4. Psychological Support
V. Other Disastes
V.1. Flood
V.2 Land Slides
V.3 Winter Storm
V.4 Heat Weather
V.5 Terrorism
V.6 NBC
V.I Next Steps
V1.1 Skills for the First 72 Hours
VI..2 Incident Command Systems
SCHOOL-BASED TEACHER-PROVIDED INSTRUCTION
(in Partnership with Ministry of Education, Provincial Directorates in Istanbul,
Bursa, Çanakkale, Sakarya and Local Agenda 21, IULA-EMME & SDC)
ISTANBUL:
– Teachers from 80% of Istanbul schools receive 1-day training.
– Teachers train tens of thousands of staff and hundreds of thousands of
students, and reach out to millions of parents.
– 1 year later, 70 volunteer, mentor-teachers candidates submit personal
family plan, take 2-day additional training and pass written test.
– Mentor teachers begin to train a new group of teachers from each school.
– Ministry of Education in Istanbul tracks implementation of Basic Disaster
AwarenessTraining in schools.
COMMUNITY-BASED VOLUNTEER INSTRUCTION
(Outreach to Non-Governmental and Community-Based Organizations)
– Community-based volunteers take 4-hours ABCD seminar and then complete
personal Family Plan
– Participate in 1-day instructor training. Pass written and presentation skills test.
– Provide training formally and informally, on a voluntary basis in the community.
LOCAL LEADERS, MINIMALLY COMPENSATED
(Ümraniye Women's Outreach Project with Caritas/Cordaid)
– Ten local women leaders recruited with assistance of muhktars and ngos
– Trainer-researchers receive 5 days of training, including field survey methods
– Training delivered door-to-door to randomly selected households
ABCD Instructor Bags
135 DISTRIBUTED
ABCD Basic Disaster
Awareness Info Cards
200,000+ DISTRIBUTED
Non-Structural Mitigation
Table-top Model
100 DISTRIBUTED
ABCD Handbooks
28,500 DISTRIBUTED
HOUSEHOLD ADJUSTMENT
BEHAVIOR
6 weeks after training
RISK AWARENESS
KNOWLEDGE
6 weeks after training
I. Disaster AwarenessI. Disaster Awareness
I.1 Disaster ExperiencesI.1 Disaster Experiences
I.2 Earthquakes in TurkeyI.2 Earthquakes in Turkey
I.3 Geological time and quakescienceI.3 Geological time and quakescience
I.4 Earthquakes are natural phenomenaI.4 Earthquakes are natural phenomena
that happen all over the worldthat happen all over the world
I.5 Earthquake MythsI.5 Earthquake Myths
I.6 Tectonic Plate TheoryI.6 Tectonic Plate Theory
II. Earthquake Hazards and RisksII. Earthquake Hazards and Risks
II.1 Earthquake HazardsII.1 Earthquake Hazards
II.2 Earthquake Risk FactorsII.2 Earthquake Risk Factors
II.3 Earthquake Warning and EarlyII.3 Earthquake Warning and Early
Response SystemsResponse Systems
II.4 It's Too Late When it ShakesII.4 It's Too Late When it Shakes
III. Before an EarthquakeIII. Before an Earthquake
III.1 Dis PrepIII.1 Dis Prep –– Many Small StepsMany Small Steps
III.2 Structural Hazards and Risk MitigationIII.2 Structural Hazards and Risk Mitigation
III.3 NonIII.3 Non--Structural Hazards and Risk Mitig.Structural Hazards and Risk Mitig.
600+ Community-
based Instructors
trained in 9 provinces
10 Women reach:
2,000 households,
8,000 individuals
in 3 months
2,000 teachers reach:
1,500,000 school-children
30,000 school personnel
3,000 school teachers
trained in 4 provinces
70 Master Teachers in
Istanbul Ministry Ed.
100 Community-based
Instructors trained
30,000 people
ABCD Flipcharts
50 DISTRIBUTED
Instructor CD's,
Public service
Announcements,
Cartoons
ASSESSMENT OF KNOWLEDGE
AND BEHAVIOR CHANGE
In a special outreach program supported by Caritas &Cordaid,
2000 households in the Ümraniye District of Istanbul received
ABCD basic disaster awareness training. Half were visited
randomly in their homes.Half were invited through local
instructors' social networks to small group seminars. 2,000
households completed pre-tests and 1,240 completed a post-
test telephone survey six weeks later.Increases in Risk
Awareness Knowledge and Household Adjustment Behavior
(preparedness activities) was very significant in both cases.

Educational & Campaign MaterialsEducational & Campaign Materials
Models of Basic ConceptsModels of Basic Concepts

COMMUNITY DISASTER VOLUNTEERS
in Cooperation with General Directorate of Civil Defense
and Community Volunteers 2001 - 2003
METHODS RESULTS
4,000 PARTICIPANT
WORKBOOKS DISTRIBUTED
CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT & INITIAL INSTRUCTOR TRAINING
Based on CERT Program localized at B.U. K.O.E.R.I to include building triage for
rescuer safety and incident command systems for neighborhood response. Emphasis on
organizational, communication, and coordination. Volunteers trained to mobilize
convergent responders and to support professional response. Developed by Lt. Col.
James Harkins, Senior CERT Trainer, Los Angeles Fire Department, Capt. Larry
Collins, Los Angeles USAR Task Force, Marla Petal, Director AHEP. Initial instructor
training in cooperation with AKUT. Curriculum development completed in partnership
with General Directorate for Civil Defense, Civil Defense College and Search and
Rescue Brigade.
– Instructor training provided to 35 community-based trainers, and 70 Civil Defense
instructors from 12 provinces.
COMMUNITY-BASED INSTRUCTION
Outreach to Businesses in cooperation with Istanbul Chamber of Industry, local
municipalities and community-based organizations
(Bursa, Çanakkale, Sakarya with Local Agenda 21, IULA-EMME & SDC)
- 4,000 individuals in Marmara area received 2-day CDV training.
10 INSTRUCTOR BAGS
IN USE
100 INSTRUCTOR CDs
DISTRIBUTED
SATISFACTION
with training
FIRST RESPONSE
KNOWLEDGE AND SKILL
DEVELOPMENT
15 Community-based
trainers reach 3,000
volunteers
500 CDV HANDBOOKS
DISTRIBUTED
20 INSTRUCTOR HANDBOOKS
DISTRIBUTED
ASSESSMENT OF FIRST RESPONSE KNOWLEDGE
AND SKILL DEVELOPMENT
Tests of knowledge of first response and safety skills were given before and after
training. Growth in knowledge is significant. Attendees report tremendous
satisfaction with training, in particular their confidence in being able to help those
around them after a disaster. Several report already having used their skills to assist
others in an emergency, and generalizing their knowledge of triage and incident
command systems to other settings. Civil Defense Directorate has included triage
instruction in their general training.
PART 1 (1 hour)
Purpose & Assumptions
Overview of Basic Disaster Awareness & Preparedness
PART 2 (4.5 hours)
Life-Saving Skills
Non-Medical Triage
Public Hygiene
Psychological First Aid
PART 3 (3.5 hours)
Light Search & Rescue
Building Triage
PART 4 (3 hours)
Incident Command Systems
Neighborhood Disaster Preparedness
Training provided through
more than 50 companies
in 20 cities.
Large group training, minimal expenses, no special facilities:
To reach largest possible audience in highly populated urban settings. Knowledge of first response and safety skills
increased from 31% to 65% using a 20-question test.
More than 95% of
participants have been
satisfied or very
satisfied with the
training.
About 50% of those
who had received
other trainings found
new and useful
material in CDV
training.
All CDV trainees are required to complete
their own Family Disaster Plans.
All are registered in a database for post-
disaster research and program-evaluation
purposes.

Training of PublicTraining of Public
TAG Community Disaster VolunteersTAG Community Disaster Volunteers

STRUCTURAL AWARENESS FOR SEISMIC SAFETY
in cooperation with Lutheran World Relief and Amerikan Bord Heyati,
And Community Volunteers 2002 - 2003
METHODS RESULTS
3,000 PARTICIPANT
HANDBOOKS DISTRIBUTED
PUBLIC AWARENESS CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT
Pioneering curriculum develope by team of engineerss, architects and
public educators. Emphasis is on developing citizen awareness of
structural safety in seismic regions, consumer consciousnes and demand
for safe construction.
– Instructor training provided to 20 community-based instructors and 10
teachers at construction industry high schools.
COMMUNITY-BASED VOLUNTEER INSTRUCTION
Community-based volunteers will train 3,000 citizens in pilot project.
30 Community-based
volunteer are to train
3,000 in pilot project
30 INSTRUCTOR HANDBOOKS
& FLIPCHARTS DISTRIBUTED
PROGRAM EVALUATION
Tests of knowledge are to be given before and after training. Trainee satisfaction
will be measured. Knowledge and impact will be evaluated through selected
telephone survey, several weeks after training has taken place. Trainers experience
with different audiences will be documented and trainer focus groups will provide
feedback on scope, sequence, and content of training material, adaptations needed
for various audiences, and recommendations for second edition.
TRAINER ROLE MODELS
All SASS trainers are required to complete their own Family Disaster Plans, and
will be able to continue to report the training that they provide, over the internet.
I. BUILDING IN EARTHQUAKE REGIONS
a. Identifying earthquake regions
b. Buildings in Turkey through the ages
c. Learning how to make buildings earthquake resistant
II. SOIL
a. Soil during earthquakes
b. Soil maps
III. STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS
a. Foundations
b. Earthquake forces and other building loads
c. Load Path
d. Moment frames
e. Shear walls
f. Braces
g. Load bearing walls
IV. OTHER IMPORTANT FACTORS
a. Infill walls
b. Plan shape
c. Neighboring buildings
V. GOOD MATERIALS AND CONSTRUCTION
a. The importance of materials and construction
b. Reinforced concrete
c. Timber and hımıs
d. Masonry and adobe
VI. MAINTENANCE
a. Maintaining loads
b. Keeping structural elements intact
c. Protecting buildings from moisture
d. Replacing damaged elements
VII. PREPARING FOR EARTHQUAKES
a. The design process
b. Investigating the earthquake safety of existing buildings
c. Earthquake insurance
d. Preparing ourselves and our belongings 40 INSTRUCTOR CDs
DISTRIBUTED

NON-STRUCTURAL MITIGATION
Disaster Preparedness Education Project in cooperation with
American Red Cross and Turkish Red Crescent Society (2002-2003)
American Friends Service Committee (2000-2001) and Community Volunteers
METHODS
RESULTS
30 FLIPCHARTS
DISTRIBUTED
PILOT WORK WITH YOUNG ADULTS
– Initial project with youth leaders experimented with development of active and
participatory instructional methods with young people.
RESEARCH BASED RECOMMENDATIONS
– Research on the causes of earthquake deaths and injuries shows that non-
structural hazards contribute to up to 10% of deaths and have been the cause of up
to half of injuries.
– More than 300 tests were performed on a shake table to learn effective methods
for fastening various furniture items to various wall types.
VARIETY OF INSTRUCTIONAL TOOLS DEVELOPED
– Pilot implementation developed displays of non-structural fastening devices, and
models. More sophisticated instructional materials were developed for public
distribution: Instructor Handbook, CD presentation, and flipchart. Non-Structural
table-top model and instructor toolbag provide hands-on materials to reinforce
concepts.
INSTRUCTOR-TRAINING FOR TURKISH RED CRESCENT SOCIETY,
B.U.- KOERI-AHEP STAFF & VOLUNTEERS, and HIGH SCHOOL
TEACHERS
– Instructor training provided to 30 Turkish Red Crescent Society instructors and
10 AHEP staff and volunteers.
– Instructor training provided to 20 teachers at Professional and Trade High
Schools in Istanbul.
SEMINARS TO THE PUBLIC
– Volunteers and staff will provide seminars to the public.
30 INSTRUCTOR CDs &
HANDBOOKS DISTRIBUTED
MODELS AT FAIRS
YOUTH LEADERSHIP
PROJECT in 6
NEIGHBORHOODS
SHAKE TABLE
RESEARCH
24 NSM
TOOLBAGS &
TABLE-TOP
MODELS
DISTRIBUTED
ASSESSMENT OF FIRST RESPONSE KNOWLEDGE
AND SKILL DEVELOPMENT
Tests of knowledge skills were given before and after instructor training. Intern
instructiors are required to complete their own Family Disaster Plans, and perform non-
structural mitigation personally in their own homes and one other location, prior to
earning certificate.
I. NSM Principles
II. Identification of Risk
III. Before Mitigation
1. Estimate Weight
2. Choose Fastener Type and Number
3. Decide Where to Fasten
4. Choose Hardware for Attaching to Walls and Structural Elements
5. Decide How to Attach Fasteners to Furniture
IV. Furniture
V. Electronics and Countertop Appliances
VI. White Appliances
VII. Hanging Items
VI. Cabinets
VII. Decorative Objects
VIII. Shelf Contents
IX. Glass
X. Exits
XI. Tanks
XII. Lighting
XV. After NSM . . .
3,000 SMALL HANDBOOKS
DISTRIBUTED
10 COMMUNITY-BASED
VOLUNTEER
INSTRUCTORS TRAINED
20 SCHOOL-BASED
INSTRUCTORS TRAINED
30 TURKISH RED
CRESCENT SOCIETY
INSTRUCTORS TRAINED

NonNon--Structural MitigationStructural Mitigation
Tools and Techniques DisplayTools and Techniques Display

NonNon--Structural Mitigation PioneersStructural Mitigation Pioneers
56 YOUTH LEADERS TRAINED

Training of TrainersTraining of Trainers
Youth Leaders Work in 6 NeighborhoodsYouth Leaders Work in 6 Neighborhoods

Training of TrainersTraining of Trainers
Youth Leaders IllustrateYouth Leaders Illustrate
NonNon--Structural Hazards & MitigationStructural Hazards & Mitigation

Training ofTraining of TraineTrainersrs
NonNon--Structural Mitigation Youth LeadersStructural Mitigation Youth Leaders
NonNon--Structural Mitigation Youth LeadersStructural Mitigation Youth Leaders
received special recognition at a certificate ceremonyreceived special recognition at a certificate ceremony
at the S.O.S Fair.at the S.O.S Fair.
56 Youth Leaders Certified

T.C. MINISTRY OF EDUCATION
BASIC DISASTER AWARENESS IN TURKISH SCHOOLS
PROJECT SUMMARY
JANUARY 2004 – DEC 2005

BASIC DISASTER AWARENESS
IN TURKISH SCHOOLS
PROJECT TITLE:
T.C. Ministry of Education Basic Disaster
Awareness in Turkish Schools
COUNTRY/REGION:
Turkey
(first and second degree
earthquake zones)
TIME PERIOD:
24 Months
(JANUARY 1, 2004 to DECEMBER 31ST, 2005)

MAIN GOAL
To create a sustainable infrastructure
for the Ministry of Education in Turkey,
to implement Basic Disaster Awareness Training
at schools throughout Turkey.

100 Leader
Basic Disaster Awareness Instructors
5.000.000 Students 250.000 Teachers
100.000 Parents
25.000 Basic Disaster Awareness
Instructors
TARGET GROUP
250 volunteer teachers from 50 provinces
(They get BDA training from Internet)

OBJECTIVES / OUTPUTS
1. CURRICULUM MATERIALS DEVELOPMENT
2. MASTER INSTRUCTOR TRAINING
3. CASCADING IMPLEMENTATION
4. INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
INFRASTRUCTURE
5. STRUCTURAL AWARENESS AND NON-
STRUCTURAL MITIGATION ( Pilot in İstanbul.)
meb.gov.tr
iahep.org

for children and adults
ii)To create BDA distance learning materials for self-study
by school-based BDA instructor candidates.
iii.ABCD 2004 Presentations(for instructors ABCD CD-Rom)
i) BDA Handbook for all ages.
continue...
www.ahep.org

for children and adults
vi. BDA workbook for ages 7-11
vii. BDA workbook for ages 12-15
viii.Structural Awareness and
Non Structural AwarenessTrainings( pilot in Istanbul)
iv. BDA activity guide for primary teachers (Grades 1-5)
v. BDA activity guide for primary teachers (Grades 6-8)

BASIC DISASTER AWARENESS
IN TURKISH SCHOOLS
The BDA training materials were inserted to
to T.C Ministry of Education curriculium.
* Primary and Middle School national curriculium
(Instructor training / basic disaster awareness)
* Industry Vocational High School
(Instructor training for Structural Awareness
and Non Structural AwarenessTrainings
End of the program

Earthquake Code :Earthquake Code : ““Specifications forSpecifications for
Buildings to be Constructed in SeismicBuildings to be Constructed in Seismic
ZonesZones”” was published in Official Gazette onwas published in Official Gazette on
66thth March 2007.March 2007.
This document covers the rules and theThis document covers the rules and the
minimum requirements for the design,minimum requirements for the design,
construction, assessment and retrofit ofconstruction, assessment and retrofit of
buildings constructed in seismic zones.buildings constructed in seismic zones.
STRUCTURAL ASPECTSTRUCTURAL ASPECT

STRUCTURAL ASPECTSTRUCTURAL ASPECT
In March 2007 a version of Seismic Code has been
published. A new section has been added as;
“ Assesment of Exist Building and Retrofitting”
Basic Steps of Seismic Assessment of an existing
building can be summarized as;
- Determination of existing material and soil properties
- Building Analysis
- Determination of performance in member level
( columns, beams)
- Determination of overall building performance
based on member performance
- Determination of Retrofit Decision
- Reassessment of the retrofitted building

- Law aspect
- Social aspect
- Urban planning aspect
- Universities
Preparedness for
Disasters

URBAN PLANNING ASPECTURBAN PLANNING ASPECT
After 1999 Marmara Earthquake,
* new developments occurred in urban planning activities
* regional policies based on the formation of disaster
mitigation and preparedness measures
* including legislation and training, public awareness,
insurance, urban management strategies.

URBAN PLANNING ASPECTURBAN PLANNING ASPECT
In that, legislative and institutional restructuring for building code
enforcement have come into existence at different levels in relation to:
* Building retrofitting and comprehensive urban
regeneration activities in disaster prone areas
* Public land management approach (especially for the
health and education buildings to be relocated and to
evacuated)
* Disaster plan making, contingency planning and
microzonation studies
* Building Inspection (Law numbered 4708, implemented in
19 pilot provinces

- Law aspect
- Social aspect
-Governor sides
- Universities
Preparedness for
Disasters

ISTANBUL SEISMIC RISK MITIGATION ANDISTANBUL SEISMIC RISK MITIGATION AND
EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS PROJECTEMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS PROJECT
(ISMEP)(ISMEP)
Country/Region : Turkey/Istanbul
Project Duration : 5 Years
Implementing Agency: Istanbul Special Provincial Adm.
Project Coordination Unit (İPCU)
Funding : World Bank
Loan Amount : $ 400 million (Euro 310 million)
www.ipkb.gov.tr / English

ISMEP PROJECTISMEP PROJECT
Enhancing EmergencyEnhancing Emergency
Preparedness CapacityPreparedness Capacity
(73,36)(73,36)
Communication
Systems
Emergency Management
Information System
Upgrading the Emergency
Response Capacity
Enforcement ofEnforcement of
Building Codes (7,54)Building Codes (7,54)
Seismic Risk Mitigation forSeismic Risk Mitigation for
Priority Public Buildings (310,9)Priority Public Buildings (310,9)
$ 7,66 mil.
Strengthening the Institutional
Capacity of AYM
Public Awareness and
Neighborhood Com. Volunteers
$ 32,84 mil.
$ 14,64 mi.
$ 9,77 mil.
$ 8,45 mil.
Retrofitting/Reconstruction of
Priority Public Facilities
Risk Assessment for Lifelines and
Vital Infrastructure
Risk Assessment of Cultural
Heritage Buildings
$ 2,45 mil.
$ 305,62 mil.
$ 2,83 mil.
Public Awareness
Development of
Regulatory Framework
Voluntary Accreditation and
Training of Engineers
$ 0,56 mil.
$ 0,23 mil.
$ 1,20 mil.
Streamlining of Building
Permits Issuance Procedures
$ 5,55 mil.

PROJE BİLEŞENLERİNİN DAĞILIMI
$73,30
19%
$7,54
2%
$310,90
79%
Enhancing Emergency
Preparedness Capacity
(Component A)
Seismic Risk Mitigation for
Priority Public Buildings
(Component B)
Enforcement of Building
Codes (Component C)
BREAKDOWN OF PROJECT COMPONENTS

CREATING PUBLIC AWARENESS ON DISASTER
PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE
A Consultant had been appointed for the Neighborhood Volunteer
System Assessment.
Mission Period: May 30 – July 31, 2006
In terms of disaster preparedness, risk mitigation
and response;
• Current volunteer practices
• Activities
• Roles and participation in disaster management system
• Organization structure
• Neighborhood selection criteria
• ‘Vulnerability and capacity measurement methods’ in Neighborhood
• Suggestion of a model for sustainability
www.ipkb.gov.tr

Blind men describe the elephant
Lack of a common understanding of disaster volunteers:
Concept and role of disaster volunteers are not clear.
Education programs are different
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS OF ASSESSMENT OF
NEIGHBORHOOD VOLUNTEER SYSTEM

Inadequate legal provisions and institutional support:
Volunteers are defined as individuals not teams.
Their place in the disater management system
is not clear.
Legal provisions are inadequate.

Lack of a monitoring and evaluation systems:

Limited participation and knowledge sharing:

• lack of knowledge about the initiative
• lack of awareness about their own risks
• lack of willingness to acknowledge their risks
• not believing that something can be done to reduce their
vulnerabilities
• not knowing his/her own responsibilities
• not being aware of his/her capacity or the capacities of the community
• confusion about the roles and responsibilities of different
organizations (public/non profit/ private, who is doing what?)
• lack of mutual trust between the authorities and the public
Challanges in recruitting and
Retaining volunteers

Toplum Üyeleri
Volunteers
Mukhtar/
Headman
Risk reduction/ culture of
safety life
initiatives,
participation,
application
Neigh. Vol. Groups
community
LocalLevel
Kaymakamlık
Municipality
Fire Brigade
NGO’sandConsultants
ProvincalLevel
Applications, organization,
coordination, monitoring
&evaluation, financial aid.
Legal regulation, standarts,
system development,
coordination, monitoring
&evaluation.
Ist.
Governorship
P DMC
ISMEP
P CD S&R
Unit
District Civ.
Def. Man.
Citizens

DISASTER COORDINATION CHART of
DISASTER MANAGEMENT CENTER OF
ISTANBUL GOVERNORSHIP
command
cooperation
Garrison Commander
Garrison Crises Centre
Garrison Disaster Ope.
Center
Kaymakam
DISTRICT CRISES CEN.
District Disaster
Operation Centre
District emergency
relief service groups
Provincial Director
Crises comm. units of
government organizations
Disaster comm. units of
government organizations
Istanbul Metr. Municipality
Crises Communication Centre
Disaster Operation Centre
Emergency relief service groups
Transportation
Communications
Search and rescue
Health and First Aid
Damage Ass. And Temporary Shelter
Security
Procurement and distribution
Agriculture
Utilities
Disaster Volunteers
Coordination Unit
DDVC
Governor/Deputy
Governor
PROV. CRISES CEN.
Provin. Dis.Op. Centre
(AYM)

ASSESSMENT OF THE
VOLUNTEER SYSTEM IN
DISASTER RESPONSE
Aim of the study: to
assess the existing disaster
volunteer programs in
Istanbul and provide
recommendations for a
sustainable community
disaster volunteers model
(conceptual, organizational
and practical aspects).

The next step is; the suggested “disaster
volunteers road map/model” is discussed with the
related institutions at a “search conference’’.
On May, 17th.2007
Pre meeting with Istanbul
Governorship authorities was
done.

A study on the ”social aspects of retrofitting” has
been initiated in order to reduce the problems
arising from the retrofitting works and to inform the
beneficiaries on the retrofitting works.
SOCIAL ASPECTS OFSOCIAL ASPECTS OF STRUCTURALSTRUCTURAL RETROFITTINGRETROFITTING

PROVINCE MoE MEETING
PARTICIPANTS:
Province MoE Deputy Man. + 8
District MoE Man.+ 25
Principles +ISMEP
( Tech.Dep Dir.+Social Scn.)
CONTEX/RESULT
• ISMEP Retrofitting works
• World Bank, tender process
• Cosultant Firm /mid. Nov.
• Single school/ inspected
• Retrofitting/ Reconstruction
• Evacuation plans of schools
THE NEXT STEP
• Announcement of discussion
w/each single school
Then...Then...
Interwievs were made, within theInterwievs were made, within the
context of the social aspects ofcontext of the social aspects of
retrofitting study,retrofitting study,
with the school directors, parentwith the school directors, parent
unions of schools and the Provincialunions of schools and the Provincial
Directorate of Education DistrictDirectorate of Education District
Directors of schools included inDirectors of schools included in CB1.1CB1.1
tendertender package.package.

SOCIAL ASPECTS OFSOCIAL ASPECTS OF STRUCTURALSTRUCTURAL RETROFITTINGRETROFITTING
The information obtained was evaluatedThe information obtained was evaluated
and an article on nonand an article on non--structural risk reductionstructural risk reduction
and the school equipment protection was addedand the school equipment protection was added
toto sub consultants contractcontract..
IPCU observes the information flow betweenIPCU observes the information flow between
Provincial Directorate ofProvincial Directorate of
Education District Directors and the target groups,Education District Directors and the target groups,
determining probable problemsdetermining probable problems
that may arise and also act as a facilitator when necessary.that may arise and also act as a facilitator when necessary.
From
top
From
bottom

ISMEP PROJESİNDE İHALESİNE ÇIKILAN (1. İHALE İLANI)
OKULLARLA İLGİLİ GÖRÜŞME TAKVİMİ*/**
NO TARIH SAAT İLÇE OKUL ADI
1 16 EKIM 14.00 Maltepe Hasan Şadoğlu Lisesi
2 Maltepe Orhangazi Lisesi
3 14.45 Beyoğlu Piripaşa İÖO
4 Beyoğlu Taksim İÖO
5 15.30 Kadiköy Hasan Leyli İÖO
6 Kadiköy Kaptan Hasanpaşa İÖO
7 Kadiköy Bostancı Atatürk İÖO
8 17EKIM 10.00 Kartal Emine Hasan Aytaşman İÖO
9 Kartal İhsan Bayrakçı İÖO
10 10.45 Kartal Şeyh Şamil İÖO
11 Kartal Nermin Ahmet Hasoğlu İÖO
12 11.30 Kartal Beyhan Şenyuva İÖO
13 Kartal İbni Sina İÖO
14 12.15 Beykoz Fevzi Çakmak Lisesi
15 18 EKIM 10.00 Ümraniye Osmangazi İÖO
16 Ümraniye Şehit Öğretmen Sevda Aydoğan İÖO
17 10.45 Ümraniye Şehit Öğretmen İzzet Yüksel İÖO
18 Ümraniye Şehit Öğretmen Yasemin Tekin İÖO
19 11.30 Ümraniye Arif Nihat Asya İÖO
20 Ümraniye Alemdağ İÖO
21 Ümraniye 60. Yıl Meyveli Bahçe İÖO
22 19 EKİM 10.30 Adalar H.Rahmi G.Ç.P.L(A, B, CBlok ve Sp)
23 Avcılar Mehmetçik İÖO
24 Avcılar Necdet Semker İÖO
25 Avcılar Abdülkadir Uztürk İÖO (A Blok)
* Görüşme Yeri: Il MEM Brifing Salonu **Görüşmeye Katılacaklar
- İlçe MEM Şb. Md.
- Okul Müdürü
- Okul Aile Birliği Bşk. ve Yrd.

Meetings w/ each single 25
School
Distr. MoE Man+ Principles +
President Family Union + ISMEP
Soc. Scientist
Ofical letter
From ISMEP to Prov. MoE
Gen.Dir.
Average discussion
duration/ single
school
25 ‘ - 30 ‘

ISMEP MAIN MESSAGES
•ISMEP is interested in just
‘structural retrofitting’
•The consultant firm /mid Nov.
•The consultant firm will check the
building of school over the existed
project.
•The current situation of the school
evacuation plan
COMMON CONCERNS/QUESTIONS
FROM SCHOOL
• Is structural retrofitting sure?
‘they have been waiting since 2004’
• Will the consultant firm come to
our school TOO? ( or check over the
project)
• Protection of registred property (
PC lab.,chemist lab., desks, etc.)
• Needed restrotion ? (wet areas,
roof, utilities, etc. )
• What is the prosedure of
demolishing?
• ‘Structural Retrofitting is
unrealible’ Why retrofitting instead
of recontruction.
• This work should be done in summer
season.
• Exist projects are unrealible.

Testing the brochure w/ parents, teachers, students

Testing of the brochure w/ parents, teachers, students

CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR DESIGNING OF
PUBLIC AWARENESS CAMPAIGN AND
MATERIALS FOR DISASTER PREPAREDNESS”
• The EoI was published on August 24, 2006 in the Official
Gazette and also in the development business and national
press.
• The expressions of interests were evaluated and the short
list consisting of five firms was sent to the Bank for no-
objection on October 31, 2006.

•Individual/Family Disaster Preparedness Training Program (Manual) and Instructor Module
•Disaster Preparedness Training Program (Manual) and Instructor Module for
Neighborhood Disaster Volunteers
•Disaster Preparedness Training Program (Manual) and Instructor Module for disabled people
•School Disaster Preparedness Training Program (Manual) and Instructor Module
•Hospital Disaster Preparedness Training Program (Manual) and Instructor Module
•Business Community Disaster Preparedness Manual and Instructor Module
•Survival under Extraordinary Conditions Training Program (Manual) and Instructor Module
•Psychological First-Aid Program (Manual) and Instructor Module
•Structural Awareness Training Program (Manual) and Instructor Module
•Non-Structural Risk Awareness Training Program (Manual) and Instructor Module
•Preparation of Sample Materials regarding Structural Retrofitting of Buildings.
•Preparation of Sample Materials regarding Awareness of
Compulsory Earthquake Insurance.(DASK)
PUBLIC AWARENESS CAMPAIGN AND MATERIALS FOR DISASTER PREPAREDNESS

PUBLIC AWARENESS CAMPAIGN AND MATERIALS FOR DISASTER PREPAREDNESS
• Instructor resources; instructor manual, PP Presentation CD,
flip chart presentation, training forms) and sample materials of campaign
(brochures, posters, info cards, billboard, poster, spot film, etc.)
• Getting into contact and cooperation
with The ..............................Ministry of Health, Provincial Directorate of Health
and other related institutes to get their views and suggestions under IPCU
coordination.

- Law aspect
- Social aspect
- Universities
Preparedness for
Disasters

Boğaziçi’ University (BU):
BU has established a Centre for Disaster Management (CENDIM) in January 2001.
http://www.cendim.boun.edu.tr

‘Istanbul’ Technical University (ITU):
The Centre of Excellence for Disaster Management has been established in 2001.
http://www.aym.itu.edu.tr/

Middle East Technical University:
The Disaster Management Research and Implementation Center (DMC)
were created in November 1997
http://www.dmc.metu.edu.tr

AFTER 1855 ANSEI-EDO EARTHQUAKE

RELATED LINKRELATED LINKSS
www.ibb.gov.trwww.ibb.gov.tr Master Plan_JICAMaster Plan_JICA
www.ipkb.gov.trwww.ipkb.gov.tr ISMEP ProjectISMEP Project
www.ahep.orgwww.ahep.org TrainingsTrainings
www.istanbul.gov.trwww.istanbul.gov.tr GovernorshipGovernorship

Civil involment on 1999 kocaeli earthquake

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