Information communication technology in libya for educational purposes
Model
1. Using Some Data Mining
Techniques for Early
Diagnosis of Lung Cancer
Dr. Zakaria Suliman Zubi, Miss Rema Asheibani Saad,
Associate Professor , M.Sc. Student,
Computer Science Department, Computer Science Department,
Faculty of Science , Faculty of Science ,
Sirte University, Alfateh University,
Sirte ,Libya. Tripoli ,Libya.
2. Paper Outline
Introduction.
Objectives of the paper.
Data Mining Task.
Data Set.
Methods and Models.
Conclusion.
3. Introduction
Lung cancers classified into two main categories:
– Small-cell lung cancers (SCLC), which report for about 20% of
cases.
– Non-small-cell lung cancers (NSCLC), which report for the
other 80%.
Non-small-cell lung cancers include squamous cell carcinomas (35%
of all lung cancers), adenocarcinomas (27%) and large cell
carcinomas (10%).
Medical images as an essential part of medical diagnosis and
treatment .
Images include both projection X-Ray chest film and cross-sectional
images.
Lung X-ray chest films considered as the most reliable method in
early detection of lung cancers.
Image recognition mining deals with the extraction of image patterns
from a large collection of images stored in particular multimedia
databases.
Data mining will be used to classify the digital X-ray chest films in
two categories: normal and abnormal.
4. Paper Outline
Introduction.
Objectives of the paper.
Data Mining Task.
Data Set.
Methods and Models.
Conclusion.
5. Objectives of the paper
The aims of this paper is to pointe out the following:
Using some data mining, techniques such as neural
networks and association rule mining techniques to detect
early Lung Cancer and to classified it by using X-Ray chest
films image.
We will use the data of 300 x-ray chest films as a dataset
in our classification system.
To classify the digital X-ray chest films into two categories:
normal and abnormal. The normal ones are those
characterizing a healthy patient. The abnormal ones could
have any type of lung cancer.
Helping physicians to decide an important decisions on a
particular patient state.
6. Paper Outline
Introduction.
Objectives of the paper.
Data Mining Task.
Data Set.
Methods and Models.
Conclusion.
7. Data Mining Task
Data Preprocessing:
Feature Extraction:
Rule Generation:
8. Data Preprocessing 8
Normalization techniques are necessary to combine the
different image formats to a regular format.
Data preparation modifies images to present
them in an appropriate format for transformation
techniques.
The image will be transformed in order to
obtain a compressed (lossless)
representation of it.
The segmentation step finds
consequent regions within an
image,since item sets are extremely
large .
9. 9
Data Cleaning is the process of cleaning the data by removing
noise.
The first step toward noise removal was pruning the images with the
help of the crop operation in Image Processing.
image after apply
cropping operation
image before apply
preprocessing techniques
10. 10
Histogram Equalization increases the contrast range in an image by
increasing the dynamic range of grey levels. and at the same time
highlights the image features.
The noise removal step was necessary before this enhancement
because, otherwise, it would also result in enhancement of noise.
The median filter is a nonlinear filter, used in order to eliminate the
high-frequency filter without eliminating the significant
characteristics of the image.
11. 11
We used 3x3 mask, which is centered on each image pixel,
replacing each central pixel by the mean of the nine pixels covering
the mask.
image after apply image after
cropping operation apply median filter
12. 12
As the low-contrast image's histogram is narrow and centred
towards the middle of the gray scale, by distributing the histogram to
a wider range will improve the quality of the image.
image after apply
Histogram Equalization Histogram of the image
after apply histogram equalization
13. Data Mining Task
Data Preprocessing:
Feature Extraction:
Rule Generation:
14. 14
Feature Extraction
Images usually have a huge number of features, there
are optimal feature set from a large number of features.
The feature extraction phase is required in order
to build the transactional database to be mined.
Image processing algorithms used,
which automatically extract image
attributes such as local color, global
color, texture, and structure.
We localize the extraction process to
very small regions in order to ensure
that we capture all areas.
15. 15
Our system consists of four processing steps:
1. Location of tumor candidates by using adaptive ring filter.
2. Extraction of the boundaries of tumor candidates.
3. Extraction of feature parameters.
4. Discrimination between the normal and the abnormal regions.
16. 16
The boundary of the candidate is predictable by using a two-
step process:
In the first step, Iris filter is used to approximation the fuzzy
boundary.
Then; SNAKES algorithm is applied to the output image of the Iris
filter to obtain the boundary of the tumor candidate. It is called a
suspicious region (SR).
lung region on chest x ray
after applied Iris filter.
17. 17
Adaptive ring filter is working to extract tumor candidates.
lung region on chest x ray
after applied Adaptive ring filter
The discrimination between the normal and the abnormal regions is
performed using a statistical method such as distance measure.
18. Data Mining Task
Data Preprocessing:
Feature Extraction:
Rule Generation:
19. Rules Generation 19
In an extremely knowledge based domain associated with a domain
knowledge we can progress some data-mining tasks to improve
decision support services.
This data integration is an important notion because medical images
are not self contained.
We suppose that association rules of two forms such as:
– Image contents dissimilar to spatial relationships, e.g., if an image
has a texture X, that it is likely containing protrusion Y;
– Image contents associated to spatial relationships, e.g., if X is
among Y and Z it is likely there then there is a T beneath.
A low minimum support and high minimum confidence is pleasing,
since few image datasets have high support value.
20. Paper Outline
Introduction.
Objectives of the paper.
Data Mining Task.
Data Set.
Methods and Models.
Conclusion.
21. 21
Data Set
In our paper, we considered the 300 x-ray chest films
multimedia database as a training dataset used in our
classification system.
We also consider 70 percent as a training value
of the systems and 10 percent for testing it.
Ten splits of the data collection are
considered to compute all the results in
order to obtain a more accurate result of
the system potential.
22. Paper Outline
Introduction.
Objectives of the paper.
Data Mining Task.
Data Set.
Methods and Models.
Conclusion.
23. 23
Methods and Models
There are several kinds of data mining methods; some of the major
data mining methods are known as deviation detection,
summarization, classification, generalized rule induction and
clustering.
In this paper work, we use classification and generalized, neural
network and association rule mining .
This methods aims to identify the characteristics that indicate the
group to which each case belongs.
24. 24
Classification and
Generalized
Data mining generates classification models by investigative already classified
data (cases) and inductively finding a predictive pattern.
In recent years, many advanced classification approaches, such as neural
networks, fuzzy-sets, and expert systems, have been widely applied for image
classification.
In most cases, image classification approaches grouped as supervised and
unsupervised machine learning approaches, or parametric and nonparametric,
or hard and soft (fuzzy) classification, or per-pixel, subpixel, and per field.
The most regularly used non-parametric classification approaches are neural
networks, decision trees, support vector machines, and expert systems.
25. 25
Classification and
Generalized
Neural Network
Association Rule Mining
26. Neural Network 26
Especially, the neural network approach has been widely
adopted in recent years.
The neural network has several advantages, including
its nonparametric nature, arbitrary decision boundary
capability, easy adaptation to different types of data
and input structures,… etc
Neural networks are of particular interest
because they offer a means of efficiently modeling
large and complex problems in which there may be
hundreds of predictor variables that have many
interactions.
Neural nets may used in classification
problems (where the output is a categorical
variable) or for regressions (where the
output variable is continuous).
27. 27
ANN is capable technique in image recognition.
In our work we will use the Feed forward neural
network topology, because normally only feed-
forward networks are used for pattern
recognition.
feature that extracted from image sends to
neural network.
29. 29
Classification and
Generalized
Neural Network
Association Rule Mining
30. Association Rule Mining 30
Association rule mining has been commonly investigated in data mining
literatures.
Many proficient algorithms have been proposed, one of the most popular
algorithms are called Apriori and FP-Tree growth Association rule mining.
" Given a set of transactions D = {T1,…… ,Tn} and a set of items I = {I1,I2……., im}
such that any transaction T in D is a set of items in I, an association rule is an
implication A → B where the antecedent A and the consequent B are subsets of
a transaction T in D, and A and B have no common items. For the association
rule to be acceptable, the conditional probability of B given A has to be higher
than a threshold called minimum confidence "
31. 31
Association rules mining is usually a two-step
process:
1. Wherein the first step frequent item-sets are discovered
(i.e. item-sets whose support is no less than a minimum
support) .
2. The second step, association rules derived from the
frequent item sets. Most algorithms used to identify large
itemsets can classify as either sequential or parallel.
Most algorithms used to identify large itemsets can
classify as either sequential or parallel.
32. 32
In our approach, we used the apriori algorithm in order to
discover association rules among the features extracted from
the x-ray chest films database and the category to which each
x-ray chest films belongs too.
The Apriori algorithm called also as "Sequential
Algorithm" developed by [Agrawal1994] ,It is also the
most well known association rule algorithm.
This technique uses the property that any subset
of a large itemset must be a large item set it self.
The primary differences of this algorithm
from the AIS and SETM algorithms are the
way of producing candidate itemsets and the
selection of candidate itemsets for counting.
33. Paper Outline
Introduction.
Objectives of the paper.
Data Mining Task.
Data Set.
Methods and Models.
Conclusion.
34. 34
Conclusion
In this paper, we used some data mining, techniques such as neural
networks and association rule mining techniques to detect and classify
Lung Cancer in X-Ray chest data films.
We considered the 300 x-ray chest films multimedia database as a training
dataset used in our proposed classification system.
From these set of images we considered 70 percent as a training value of the
systems and 10 percent for testing it. Ten splits of the data collection will be
considered to compute all the results in order to obtain a more accurate
result of the system potential.
We classified the digital X-ray chest films in two categories: normal and
abnormal.
We used some procedures as a essential part to the task of medical image
mining, these procedures are: Data Preprocessing, Feature Extraction and
Rule Generation.
In this paper also, we used classification and generalized, neural network
and association rule mining induction methods in order to classify problems
aim to identify the characteristics that indicates the group to which each
case belongs to.
Animated picture buttons grow and turn on path (Advanced) To reproduce the curved shape on this slide, do the following: On the Home tab, in the Slides group, click Layout , and then click Blank . On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Shapes , and then under Basic Shapes click Right Triangle (first row, fourth option from the left). On the slide, draw a triangle. Under Drawing Tools , on the Format tab, in the Size group, enter 7.5” into the Height box and enter 4.75” into the Width box. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange , point to Align , and then do the following: Click Align Middle . Click Align Left . On the slide, select the triangle. Under Drawing Tools , on the Format tab, in the Insert Shapes group, click Edit Shape , and then click Edit Points . Right-click the diagonal side of the triangle, and then click Curved Segment . Click the bottom right corner of the triangle and then move the curve adjustment handle to create a consistent curve. Also on the Format tab, in the Shape Styles group, click Shape Fill , and then under Theme Colors click White, Background 1 (first row, first option from the left). Also on the Format tab, in the Shape Styles group, click Shape Outline , and then click No Outline . To reproduce the background effects on this slide, do the following: On the Design tab, in the Background group, click Background Styles , and then click Format Background . In the Format Background dialog box, click Fill in the left pane, select Gradient fill in the Fill pane, and then do the following: In the Type list, select Linear . In the Angle box, enter 225 . Under Gradient stops , click Add gradient stops or Remove gradient stops until two stops appear in the slider. Also under Gradient stops , customize the gradient stops as follows: Select the first stop in the slider, and then do the following: In the Position box, enter 0% . Click the button next to Color , and then under Theme Colors click White, Background 1 (first row, first option from the left). In the Transparency box, enter 0%. Select the first stop in the slider, and then do the following: In the Position box, enter 100% . Click the button next to Color , click More Colors , and then in the Colors dialog box, on the Custom tab, enter values for Red: 230 , Green: 230 , Blue: 230 . To reproduce the picture and text effects on this slide, do the following: On the Insert tab, in the Images group, click Picture . In the Insert Picture dialog box, select a picture, and then click Insert . On the slide, select the picture. Under Picture Tools , on the Format tab, in the Size group, click the arrow under Crop, click Crop to Shape , and then under Basic Shapes click Oval (first option from the left). With the picture still selected, under Picture Tools , on the Format tab, in the Size group, click the Size and Position dialog box launcher. In the Format Picture dialog box, resize or crop the image so that the height is set to 1.2” and the width is set to 1.2” . To crop the picture, click Crop in the left pane, and in the right pane, under Crop position , enter values into the Height , Width , Left , and Top boxes. To resize the picture, click Size in the left pane, and in the right pane, under Size and rotate , enter values into the Height and Width boxes. Also in the Format Picture dialog box, click 3-D Format in the left pane, and then, in the 3-D Format pane, do the following: Under Bevel , click the button next to Top and click Circle (first row, first option from the left). Under Surface , click the button next to Material , and then under Standard click Metal (fourth option from the left). Click the button next to Lighting , and then under Neutral click Contrasting (second row, second option from the left). In the Angle box, enter 25° . Also in the Format Picture dialog box, click Shadow in the left pane. In the Shadow pane, click the button next to Presets , under Outer click Offset Diagonal Bottom Left (first row, third option from the left), and then do the following: In the Transparency box, enter 77% . In the Size box, enter 100% . In the Blur box, enter 10 pt . In the Angle box, enter 141° . In the Distance box, enter 10 pt . On the slide, drag the picture onto the curve, near the top. On the Insert tab, in the Text group, click Text Box . On the slide, drag to draw the text box. Enter text in the text box and select it. On the Home tab, in the Font group, do the following: In the Font list, select Corbel . In the Font Size box, enter 22 . Click the arrow next to Font Color , and then under Theme Colors click White, Background 1, Darker 50% (sixth row, first option from the left). On the Home tab, in the Paragraph group, click Align Text Left to align the text left in the text box. On the slide, drag the text box to the right of the picture. To reproduce the animation effects on this slide, do the following: It will help to zoom out in order to view the area off the slide. On the View tab, in the Zoom group, click Zoom . In the Zoom dialog box, select 65% . On the Animations tab, in the Advanced Animation group, click Add Animation , and then click More Entrance Effects. In the Add Entrance Effect dialog box, under Moderate , click Grow & Turn , and then click OK. On the Animations tab, in the Timing group, in the Start list, select With Previous . On the Animations tab, in the Timing group, in the Duration box, enter 1 . On the Animations tab, in the Advanced Animation group, click Add Animation , and then under Motion Paths click Arcs. On the Animations tab, in the Timing group, in the Start list, select With Previous . On the Animations tab, in the Timing group, in the Duration box, enter 1 . On the Animations tab, in the Animation group, click Effect Options , and then click Right . On the Animations tab, in the Animation group, click Effect Options , and then click Reverse Path Direction . On the slide, select the arc effect path, and then drag the bottom sizing handle below the bottom of the slide. Drag the right side sizing handle to the left until the path curve approximately matches the curve of the modified triangle. Drag the green rotation handle to the left to rotate the arc path to match the curve of the modified triangle. Drag the arc path so that the red arrow is in the center of the picture. You may need to make further adjustments to the length, width, and angle of the arc path to match the curve of the modified triangle. On the slide, select the text box. On the Animations tab, in the Advanced Animation group, click Add Animation , and then under Entrance click Fade. On the Animations tab, in the Timing group, in the Start list, select After Previous . On the Animations tab, in the Timing group, in the Duration box, enter 1 . To reproduce the other animated pictures and text boxes on this slide, do the following: On the Animations tab, in the Advanced Animation group, click Animation Pane . On the slide, press and hold CTRL and then select the picture and the text box. On the Home tab, in the Clipboard group, click the arrow next to Copy , and then click Duplicate . On the slide, drag the duplicate picture and text onto the curve below the first group. On the slide, select the duplicate picture. Under Picture Tools , on the Format tab, in the Adjust group, click Change Picture . In the Insert Picture dialog box, select a picture, and then click Insert . Under Picture Tools , on the Format tab, in the Size group, click the Size and Position dialog box launcher. In the Format Picture dialog box, resize or crop the image so that the height is set to 1.2” and the width is set to 1.2” . To crop the picture, click Crop in the left pane, and in the right pane, under Crop position , enter values into the Height , Width , Left , and Top boxes. To resize the picture, click Size in the left pane, and in the right pane, under Size and rotate , enter values into the Height and Width boxes. In the Animation Pane , click the Arc animation effect for the new picture. Drag the green rotation handle to the right to rotate the arc path to match the curve of the modified triangle. Drag the arc path so that the red arrow is in the center of the picture. Click in the duplicate text box and edit the text. Repeat steps 2-7 two more times to reproduce the third and fourth pictures and text boxes with animation effects.
Animated picture buttons grow and turn on path (Advanced) To reproduce the curved shape on this slide, do the following: On the Home tab, in the Slides group, click Layout , and then click Blank . On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Shapes , and then under Basic Shapes click Right Triangle (first row, fourth option from the left). On the slide, draw a triangle. Under Drawing Tools , on the Format tab, in the Size group, enter 7.5” into the Height box and enter 4.75” into the Width box. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange , point to Align , and then do the following: Click Align Middle . Click Align Left . On the slide, select the triangle. Under Drawing Tools , on the Format tab, in the Insert Shapes group, click Edit Shape , and then click Edit Points . Right-click the diagonal side of the triangle, and then click Curved Segment . Click the bottom right corner of the triangle and then move the curve adjustment handle to create a consistent curve. Also on the Format tab, in the Shape Styles group, click Shape Fill , and then under Theme Colors click White, Background 1 (first row, first option from the left). Also on the Format tab, in the Shape Styles group, click Shape Outline , and then click No Outline . To reproduce the background effects on this slide, do the following: On the Design tab, in the Background group, click Background Styles , and then click Format Background . In the Format Background dialog box, click Fill in the left pane, select Gradient fill in the Fill pane, and then do the following: In the Type list, select Linear . In the Angle box, enter 225 . Under Gradient stops , click Add gradient stops or Remove gradient stops until two stops appear in the slider. Also under Gradient stops , customize the gradient stops as follows: Select the first stop in the slider, and then do the following: In the Position box, enter 0% . Click the button next to Color , and then under Theme Colors click White, Background 1 (first row, first option from the left). In the Transparency box, enter 0%. Select the first stop in the slider, and then do the following: In the Position box, enter 100% . Click the button next to Color , click More Colors , and then in the Colors dialog box, on the Custom tab, enter values for Red: 230 , Green: 230 , Blue: 230 . To reproduce the picture and text effects on this slide, do the following: On the Insert tab, in the Images group, click Picture . In the Insert Picture dialog box, select a picture, and then click Insert . On the slide, select the picture. Under Picture Tools , on the Format tab, in the Size group, click the arrow under Crop, click Crop to Shape , and then under Basic Shapes click Oval (first option from the left). With the picture still selected, under Picture Tools , on the Format tab, in the Size group, click the Size and Position dialog box launcher. In the Format Picture dialog box, resize or crop the image so that the height is set to 1.2” and the width is set to 1.2” . To crop the picture, click Crop in the left pane, and in the right pane, under Crop position , enter values into the Height , Width , Left , and Top boxes. To resize the picture, click Size in the left pane, and in the right pane, under Size and rotate , enter values into the Height and Width boxes. Also in the Format Picture dialog box, click 3-D Format in the left pane, and then, in the 3-D Format pane, do the following: Under Bevel , click the button next to Top and click Circle (first row, first option from the left). Under Surface , click the button next to Material , and then under Standard click Metal (fourth option from the left). Click the button next to Lighting , and then under Neutral click Contrasting (second row, second option from the left). In the Angle box, enter 25° . Also in the Format Picture dialog box, click Shadow in the left pane. In the Shadow pane, click the button next to Presets , under Outer click Offset Diagonal Bottom Left (first row, third option from the left), and then do the following: In the Transparency box, enter 77% . In the Size box, enter 100% . In the Blur box, enter 10 pt . In the Angle box, enter 141° . In the Distance box, enter 10 pt . On the slide, drag the picture onto the curve, near the top. On the Insert tab, in the Text group, click Text Box . On the slide, drag to draw the text box. Enter text in the text box and select it. On the Home tab, in the Font group, do the following: In the Font list, select Corbel . In the Font Size box, enter 22 . Click the arrow next to Font Color , and then under Theme Colors click White, Background 1, Darker 50% (sixth row, first option from the left). On the Home tab, in the Paragraph group, click Align Text Left to align the text left in the text box. On the slide, drag the text box to the right of the picture. To reproduce the animation effects on this slide, do the following: It will help to zoom out in order to view the area off the slide. On the View tab, in the Zoom group, click Zoom . In the Zoom dialog box, select 65% . On the Animations tab, in the Advanced Animation group, click Add Animation , and then click More Entrance Effects. In the Add Entrance Effect dialog box, under Moderate , click Grow & Turn , and then click OK. On the Animations tab, in the Timing group, in the Start list, select With Previous . On the Animations tab, in the Timing group, in the Duration box, enter 1 . On the Animations tab, in the Advanced Animation group, click Add Animation , and then under Motion Paths click Arcs. On the Animations tab, in the Timing group, in the Start list, select With Previous . On the Animations tab, in the Timing group, in the Duration box, enter 1 . On the Animations tab, in the Animation group, click Effect Options , and then click Right . On the Animations tab, in the Animation group, click Effect Options , and then click Reverse Path Direction . On the slide, select the arc effect path, and then drag the bottom sizing handle below the bottom of the slide. Drag the right side sizing handle to the left until the path curve approximately matches the curve of the modified triangle. Drag the green rotation handle to the left to rotate the arc path to match the curve of the modified triangle. Drag the arc path so that the red arrow is in the center of the picture. You may need to make further adjustments to the length, width, and angle of the arc path to match the curve of the modified triangle. On the slide, select the text box. On the Animations tab, in the Advanced Animation group, click Add Animation , and then under Entrance click Fade. On the Animations tab, in the Timing group, in the Start list, select After Previous . On the Animations tab, in the Timing group, in the Duration box, enter 1 . To reproduce the other animated pictures and text boxes on this slide, do the following: On the Animations tab, in the Advanced Animation group, click Animation Pane . On the slide, press and hold CTRL and then select the picture and the text box. On the Home tab, in the Clipboard group, click the arrow next to Copy , and then click Duplicate . On the slide, drag the duplicate picture and text onto the curve below the first group. On the slide, select the duplicate picture. Under Picture Tools , on the Format tab, in the Adjust group, click Change Picture . In the Insert Picture dialog box, select a picture, and then click Insert . Under Picture Tools , on the Format tab, in the Size group, click the Size and Position dialog box launcher. In the Format Picture dialog box, resize or crop the image so that the height is set to 1.2” and the width is set to 1.2” . To crop the picture, click Crop in the left pane, and in the right pane, under Crop position , enter values into the Height , Width , Left , and Top boxes. To resize the picture, click Size in the left pane, and in the right pane, under Size and rotate , enter values into the Height and Width boxes. In the Animation Pane , click the Arc animation effect for the new picture. Drag the green rotation handle to the right to rotate the arc path to match the curve of the modified triangle. Drag the arc path so that the red arrow is in the center of the picture. Click in the duplicate text box and edit the text. Repeat steps 2-7 two more times to reproduce the third and fourth pictures and text boxes with animation effects.
Animated picture buttons grow and turn on path (Advanced) To reproduce the curved shape on this slide, do the following: On the Home tab, in the Slides group, click Layout , and then click Blank . On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Shapes , and then under Basic Shapes click Right Triangle (first row, fourth option from the left). On the slide, draw a triangle. Under Drawing Tools , on the Format tab, in the Size group, enter 7.5” into the Height box and enter 4.75” into the Width box. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange , point to Align , and then do the following: Click Align Middle . Click Align Left . On the slide, select the triangle. Under Drawing Tools , on the Format tab, in the Insert Shapes group, click Edit Shape , and then click Edit Points . Right-click the diagonal side of the triangle, and then click Curved Segment . Click the bottom right corner of the triangle and then move the curve adjustment handle to create a consistent curve. Also on the Format tab, in the Shape Styles group, click Shape Fill , and then under Theme Colors click White, Background 1 (first row, first option from the left). Also on the Format tab, in the Shape Styles group, click Shape Outline , and then click No Outline . To reproduce the background effects on this slide, do the following: On the Design tab, in the Background group, click Background Styles , and then click Format Background . In the Format Background dialog box, click Fill in the left pane, select Gradient fill in the Fill pane, and then do the following: In the Type list, select Linear . In the Angle box, enter 225 . Under Gradient stops , click Add gradient stops or Remove gradient stops until two stops appear in the slider. Also under Gradient stops , customize the gradient stops as follows: Select the first stop in the slider, and then do the following: In the Position box, enter 0% . Click the button next to Color , and then under Theme Colors click White, Background 1 (first row, first option from the left). In the Transparency box, enter 0%. Select the first stop in the slider, and then do the following: In the Position box, enter 100% . Click the button next to Color , click More Colors , and then in the Colors dialog box, on the Custom tab, enter values for Red: 230 , Green: 230 , Blue: 230 . To reproduce the picture and text effects on this slide, do the following: On the Insert tab, in the Images group, click Picture . In the Insert Picture dialog box, select a picture, and then click Insert . On the slide, select the picture. Under Picture Tools , on the Format tab, in the Size group, click the arrow under Crop, click Crop to Shape , and then under Basic Shapes click Oval (first option from the left). With the picture still selected, under Picture Tools , on the Format tab, in the Size group, click the Size and Position dialog box launcher. In the Format Picture dialog box, resize or crop the image so that the height is set to 1.2” and the width is set to 1.2” . To crop the picture, click Crop in the left pane, and in the right pane, under Crop position , enter values into the Height , Width , Left , and Top boxes. To resize the picture, click Size in the left pane, and in the right pane, under Size and rotate , enter values into the Height and Width boxes. Also in the Format Picture dialog box, click 3-D Format in the left pane, and then, in the 3-D Format pane, do the following: Under Bevel , click the button next to Top and click Circle (first row, first option from the left). Under Surface , click the button next to Material , and then under Standard click Metal (fourth option from the left). Click the button next to Lighting , and then under Neutral click Contrasting (second row, second option from the left). In the Angle box, enter 25° . Also in the Format Picture dialog box, click Shadow in the left pane. In the Shadow pane, click the button next to Presets , under Outer click Offset Diagonal Bottom Left (first row, third option from the left), and then do the following: In the Transparency box, enter 77% . In the Size box, enter 100% . In the Blur box, enter 10 pt . In the Angle box, enter 141° . In the Distance box, enter 10 pt . On the slide, drag the picture onto the curve, near the top. On the Insert tab, in the Text group, click Text Box . On the slide, drag to draw the text box. Enter text in the text box and select it. On the Home tab, in the Font group, do the following: In the Font list, select Corbel . In the Font Size box, enter 22 . Click the arrow next to Font Color , and then under Theme Colors click White, Background 1, Darker 50% (sixth row, first option from the left). On the Home tab, in the Paragraph group, click Align Text Left to align the text left in the text box. On the slide, drag the text box to the right of the picture. To reproduce the animation effects on this slide, do the following: It will help to zoom out in order to view the area off the slide. On the View tab, in the Zoom group, click Zoom . In the Zoom dialog box, select 65% . On the Animations tab, in the Advanced Animation group, click Add Animation , and then click More Entrance Effects. In the Add Entrance Effect dialog box, under Moderate , click Grow & Turn , and then click OK. On the Animations tab, in the Timing group, in the Start list, select With Previous . On the Animations tab, in the Timing group, in the Duration box, enter 1 . On the Animations tab, in the Advanced Animation group, click Add Animation , and then under Motion Paths click Arcs. On the Animations tab, in the Timing group, in the Start list, select With Previous . On the Animations tab, in the Timing group, in the Duration box, enter 1 . On the Animations tab, in the Animation group, click Effect Options , and then click Right . On the Animations tab, in the Animation group, click Effect Options , and then click Reverse Path Direction . On the slide, select the arc effect path, and then drag the bottom sizing handle below the bottom of the slide. Drag the right side sizing handle to the left until the path curve approximately matches the curve of the modified triangle. Drag the green rotation handle to the left to rotate the arc path to match the curve of the modified triangle. Drag the arc path so that the red arrow is in the center of the picture. You may need to make further adjustments to the length, width, and angle of the arc path to match the curve of the modified triangle. On the slide, select the text box. On the Animations tab, in the Advanced Animation group, click Add Animation , and then under Entrance click Fade. On the Animations tab, in the Timing group, in the Start list, select After Previous . On the Animations tab, in the Timing group, in the Duration box, enter 1 . To reproduce the other animated pictures and text boxes on this slide, do the following: On the Animations tab, in the Advanced Animation group, click Animation Pane . On the slide, press and hold CTRL and then select the picture and the text box. On the Home tab, in the Clipboard group, click the arrow next to Copy , and then click Duplicate . On the slide, drag the duplicate picture and text onto the curve below the first group. On the slide, select the duplicate picture. Under Picture Tools , on the Format tab, in the Adjust group, click Change Picture . In the Insert Picture dialog box, select a picture, and then click Insert . Under Picture Tools , on the Format tab, in the Size group, click the Size and Position dialog box launcher. In the Format Picture dialog box, resize or crop the image so that the height is set to 1.2” and the width is set to 1.2” . To crop the picture, click Crop in the left pane, and in the right pane, under Crop position , enter values into the Height , Width , Left , and Top boxes. To resize the picture, click Size in the left pane, and in the right pane, under Size and rotate , enter values into the Height and Width boxes. In the Animation Pane , click the Arc animation effect for the new picture. Drag the green rotation handle to the right to rotate the arc path to match the curve of the modified triangle. Drag the arc path so that the red arrow is in the center of the picture. Click in the duplicate text box and edit the text. Repeat steps 2-7 two more times to reproduce the third and fourth pictures and text boxes with animation effects.
Animated picture buttons grow and turn on path (Advanced) To reproduce the curved shape on this slide, do the following: On the Home tab, in the Slides group, click Layout , and then click Blank . On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Shapes , and then under Basic Shapes click Right Triangle (first row, fourth option from the left). On the slide, draw a triangle. Under Drawing Tools , on the Format tab, in the Size group, enter 7.5” into the Height box and enter 4.75” into the Width box. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange , point to Align , and then do the following: Click Align Middle . Click Align Left . On the slide, select the triangle. Under Drawing Tools , on the Format tab, in the Insert Shapes group, click Edit Shape , and then click Edit Points . Right-click the diagonal side of the triangle, and then click Curved Segment . Click the bottom right corner of the triangle and then move the curve adjustment handle to create a consistent curve. Also on the Format tab, in the Shape Styles group, click Shape Fill , and then under Theme Colors click White, Background 1 (first row, first option from the left). Also on the Format tab, in the Shape Styles group, click Shape Outline , and then click No Outline . To reproduce the background effects on this slide, do the following: On the Design tab, in the Background group, click Background Styles , and then click Format Background . In the Format Background dialog box, click Fill in the left pane, select Gradient fill in the Fill pane, and then do the following: In the Type list, select Linear . In the Angle box, enter 225 . Under Gradient stops , click Add gradient stops or Remove gradient stops until two stops appear in the slider. Also under Gradient stops , customize the gradient stops as follows: Select the first stop in the slider, and then do the following: In the Position box, enter 0% . Click the button next to Color , and then under Theme Colors click White, Background 1 (first row, first option from the left). In the Transparency box, enter 0%. Select the first stop in the slider, and then do the following: In the Position box, enter 100% . Click the button next to Color , click More Colors , and then in the Colors dialog box, on the Custom tab, enter values for Red: 230 , Green: 230 , Blue: 230 . To reproduce the picture and text effects on this slide, do the following: On the Insert tab, in the Images group, click Picture . In the Insert Picture dialog box, select a picture, and then click Insert . On the slide, select the picture. Under Picture Tools , on the Format tab, in the Size group, click the arrow under Crop, click Crop to Shape , and then under Basic Shapes click Oval (first option from the left). With the picture still selected, under Picture Tools , on the Format tab, in the Size group, click the Size and Position dialog box launcher. In the Format Picture dialog box, resize or crop the image so that the height is set to 1.2” and the width is set to 1.2” . To crop the picture, click Crop in the left pane, and in the right pane, under Crop position , enter values into the Height , Width , Left , and Top boxes. To resize the picture, click Size in the left pane, and in the right pane, under Size and rotate , enter values into the Height and Width boxes. Also in the Format Picture dialog box, click 3-D Format in the left pane, and then, in the 3-D Format pane, do the following: Under Bevel , click the button next to Top and click Circle (first row, first option from the left). Under Surface , click the button next to Material , and then under Standard click Metal (fourth option from the left). Click the button next to Lighting , and then under Neutral click Contrasting (second row, second option from the left). In the Angle box, enter 25° . Also in the Format Picture dialog box, click Shadow in the left pane. In the Shadow pane, click the button next to Presets , under Outer click Offset Diagonal Bottom Left (first row, third option from the left), and then do the following: In the Transparency box, enter 77% . In the Size box, enter 100% . In the Blur box, enter 10 pt . In the Angle box, enter 141° . In the Distance box, enter 10 pt . On the slide, drag the picture onto the curve, near the top. On the Insert tab, in the Text group, click Text Box . On the slide, drag to draw the text box. Enter text in the text box and select it. On the Home tab, in the Font group, do the following: In the Font list, select Corbel . In the Font Size box, enter 22 . Click the arrow next to Font Color , and then under Theme Colors click White, Background 1, Darker 50% (sixth row, first option from the left). On the Home tab, in the Paragraph group, click Align Text Left to align the text left in the text box. On the slide, drag the text box to the right of the picture. To reproduce the animation effects on this slide, do the following: It will help to zoom out in order to view the area off the slide. On the View tab, in the Zoom group, click Zoom . In the Zoom dialog box, select 65% . On the Animations tab, in the Advanced Animation group, click Add Animation , and then click More Entrance Effects. In the Add Entrance Effect dialog box, under Moderate , click Grow & Turn , and then click OK. On the Animations tab, in the Timing group, in the Start list, select With Previous . On the Animations tab, in the Timing group, in the Duration box, enter 1 . On the Animations tab, in the Advanced Animation group, click Add Animation , and then under Motion Paths click Arcs. On the Animations tab, in the Timing group, in the Start list, select With Previous . On the Animations tab, in the Timing group, in the Duration box, enter 1 . On the Animations tab, in the Animation group, click Effect Options , and then click Right . On the Animations tab, in the Animation group, click Effect Options , and then click Reverse Path Direction . On the slide, select the arc effect path, and then drag the bottom sizing handle below the bottom of the slide. Drag the right side sizing handle to the left until the path curve approximately matches the curve of the modified triangle. Drag the green rotation handle to the left to rotate the arc path to match the curve of the modified triangle. Drag the arc path so that the red arrow is in the center of the picture. You may need to make further adjustments to the length, width, and angle of the arc path to match the curve of the modified triangle. On the slide, select the text box. On the Animations tab, in the Advanced Animation group, click Add Animation , and then under Entrance click Fade. On the Animations tab, in the Timing group, in the Start list, select After Previous . On the Animations tab, in the Timing group, in the Duration box, enter 1 . To reproduce the other animated pictures and text boxes on this slide, do the following: On the Animations tab, in the Advanced Animation group, click Animation Pane . On the slide, press and hold CTRL and then select the picture and the text box. On the Home tab, in the Clipboard group, click the arrow next to Copy , and then click Duplicate . On the slide, drag the duplicate picture and text onto the curve below the first group. On the slide, select the duplicate picture. Under Picture Tools , on the Format tab, in the Adjust group, click Change Picture . In the Insert Picture dialog box, select a picture, and then click Insert . Under Picture Tools , on the Format tab, in the Size group, click the Size and Position dialog box launcher. In the Format Picture dialog box, resize or crop the image so that the height is set to 1.2” and the width is set to 1.2” . To crop the picture, click Crop in the left pane, and in the right pane, under Crop position , enter values into the Height , Width , Left , and Top boxes. To resize the picture, click Size in the left pane, and in the right pane, under Size and rotate , enter values into the Height and Width boxes. In the Animation Pane , click the Arc animation effect for the new picture. Drag the green rotation handle to the right to rotate the arc path to match the curve of the modified triangle. Drag the arc path so that the red arrow is in the center of the picture. Click in the duplicate text box and edit the text. Repeat steps 2-7 two more times to reproduce the third and fourth pictures and text boxes with animation effects.
Animated picture buttons grow and turn on path (Advanced) To reproduce the curved shape on this slide, do the following: On the Home tab, in the Slides group, click Layout , and then click Blank . On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Shapes , and then under Basic Shapes click Right Triangle (first row, fourth option from the left). On the slide, draw a triangle. Under Drawing Tools , on the Format tab, in the Size group, enter 7.5” into the Height box and enter 4.75” into the Width box. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange , point to Align , and then do the following: Click Align Middle . Click Align Left . On the slide, select the triangle. Under Drawing Tools , on the Format tab, in the Insert Shapes group, click Edit Shape , and then click Edit Points . Right-click the diagonal side of the triangle, and then click Curved Segment . Click the bottom right corner of the triangle and then move the curve adjustment handle to create a consistent curve. Also on the Format tab, in the Shape Styles group, click Shape Fill , and then under Theme Colors click White, Background 1 (first row, first option from the left). Also on the Format tab, in the Shape Styles group, click Shape Outline , and then click No Outline . To reproduce the background effects on this slide, do the following: On the Design tab, in the Background group, click Background Styles , and then click Format Background . In the Format Background dialog box, click Fill in the left pane, select Gradient fill in the Fill pane, and then do the following: In the Type list, select Linear . In the Angle box, enter 225 . Under Gradient stops , click Add gradient stops or Remove gradient stops until two stops appear in the slider. Also under Gradient stops , customize the gradient stops as follows: Select the first stop in the slider, and then do the following: In the Position box, enter 0% . Click the button next to Color , and then under Theme Colors click White, Background 1 (first row, first option from the left). In the Transparency box, enter 0%. Select the first stop in the slider, and then do the following: In the Position box, enter 100% . Click the button next to Color , click More Colors , and then in the Colors dialog box, on the Custom tab, enter values for Red: 230 , Green: 230 , Blue: 230 . To reproduce the picture and text effects on this slide, do the following: On the Insert tab, in the Images group, click Picture . In the Insert Picture dialog box, select a picture, and then click Insert . On the slide, select the picture. Under Picture Tools , on the Format tab, in the Size group, click the arrow under Crop, click Crop to Shape , and then under Basic Shapes click Oval (first option from the left). With the picture still selected, under Picture Tools , on the Format tab, in the Size group, click the Size and Position dialog box launcher. In the Format Picture dialog box, resize or crop the image so that the height is set to 1.2” and the width is set to 1.2” . To crop the picture, click Crop in the left pane, and in the right pane, under Crop position , enter values into the Height , Width , Left , and Top boxes. To resize the picture, click Size in the left pane, and in the right pane, under Size and rotate , enter values into the Height and Width boxes. Also in the Format Picture dialog box, click 3-D Format in the left pane, and then, in the 3-D Format pane, do the following: Under Bevel , click the button next to Top and click Circle (first row, first option from the left). Under Surface , click the button next to Material , and then under Standard click Metal (fourth option from the left). Click the button next to Lighting , and then under Neutral click Contrasting (second row, second option from the left). In the Angle box, enter 25° . Also in the Format Picture dialog box, click Shadow in the left pane. In the Shadow pane, click the button next to Presets , under Outer click Offset Diagonal Bottom Left (first row, third option from the left), and then do the following: In the Transparency box, enter 77% . In the Size box, enter 100% . In the Blur box, enter 10 pt . In the Angle box, enter 141° . In the Distance box, enter 10 pt . On the slide, drag the picture onto the curve, near the top. On the Insert tab, in the Text group, click Text Box . On the slide, drag to draw the text box. Enter text in the text box and select it. On the Home tab, in the Font group, do the following: In the Font list, select Corbel . In the Font Size box, enter 22 . Click the arrow next to Font Color , and then under Theme Colors click White, Background 1, Darker 50% (sixth row, first option from the left). On the Home tab, in the Paragraph group, click Align Text Left to align the text left in the text box. On the slide, drag the text box to the right of the picture. To reproduce the animation effects on this slide, do the following: It will help to zoom out in order to view the area off the slide. On the View tab, in the Zoom group, click Zoom . In the Zoom dialog box, select 65% . On the Animations tab, in the Advanced Animation group, click Add Animation , and then click More Entrance Effects. In the Add Entrance Effect dialog box, under Moderate , click Grow & Turn , and then click OK. On the Animations tab, in the Timing group, in the Start list, select With Previous . On the Animations tab, in the Timing group, in the Duration box, enter 1 . On the Animations tab, in the Advanced Animation group, click Add Animation , and then under Motion Paths click Arcs. On the Animations tab, in the Timing group, in the Start list, select With Previous . On the Animations tab, in the Timing group, in the Duration box, enter 1 . On the Animations tab, in the Animation group, click Effect Options , and then click Right . On the Animations tab, in the Animation group, click Effect Options , and then click Reverse Path Direction . On the slide, select the arc effect path, and then drag the bottom sizing handle below the bottom of the slide. Drag the right side sizing handle to the left until the path curve approximately matches the curve of the modified triangle. Drag the green rotation handle to the left to rotate the arc path to match the curve of the modified triangle. Drag the arc path so that the red arrow is in the center of the picture. You may need to make further adjustments to the length, width, and angle of the arc path to match the curve of the modified triangle. On the slide, select the text box. On the Animations tab, in the Advanced Animation group, click Add Animation , and then under Entrance click Fade. On the Animations tab, in the Timing group, in the Start list, select After Previous . On the Animations tab, in the Timing group, in the Duration box, enter 1 . To reproduce the other animated pictures and text boxes on this slide, do the following: On the Animations tab, in the Advanced Animation group, click Animation Pane . On the slide, press and hold CTRL and then select the picture and the text box. On the Home tab, in the Clipboard group, click the arrow next to Copy , and then click Duplicate . On the slide, drag the duplicate picture and text onto the curve below the first group. On the slide, select the duplicate picture. Under Picture Tools , on the Format tab, in the Adjust group, click Change Picture . In the Insert Picture dialog box, select a picture, and then click Insert . Under Picture Tools , on the Format tab, in the Size group, click the Size and Position dialog box launcher. In the Format Picture dialog box, resize or crop the image so that the height is set to 1.2” and the width is set to 1.2” . To crop the picture, click Crop in the left pane, and in the right pane, under Crop position , enter values into the Height , Width , Left , and Top boxes. To resize the picture, click Size in the left pane, and in the right pane, under Size and rotate , enter values into the Height and Width boxes. In the Animation Pane , click the Arc animation effect for the new picture. Drag the green rotation handle to the right to rotate the arc path to match the curve of the modified triangle. Drag the arc path so that the red arrow is in the center of the picture. Click in the duplicate text box and edit the text. Repeat steps 2-7 two more times to reproduce the third and fourth pictures and text boxes with animation effects.
Animated picture buttons grow and turn on path (Advanced) To reproduce the curved shape on this slide, do the following: On the Home tab, in the Slides group, click Layout , and then click Blank . On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Shapes , and then under Basic Shapes click Right Triangle (first row, fourth option from the left). On the slide, draw a triangle. Under Drawing Tools , on the Format tab, in the Size group, enter 7.5” into the Height box and enter 4.75” into the Width box. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange , point to Align , and then do the following: Click Align Middle . Click Align Left . On the slide, select the triangle. Under Drawing Tools , on the Format tab, in the Insert Shapes group, click Edit Shape , and then click Edit Points . Right-click the diagonal side of the triangle, and then click Curved Segment . Click the bottom right corner of the triangle and then move the curve adjustment handle to create a consistent curve. Also on the Format tab, in the Shape Styles group, click Shape Fill , and then under Theme Colors click White, Background 1 (first row, first option from the left). Also on the Format tab, in the Shape Styles group, click Shape Outline , and then click No Outline . To reproduce the background effects on this slide, do the following: On the Design tab, in the Background group, click Background Styles , and then click Format Background . In the Format Background dialog box, click Fill in the left pane, select Gradient fill in the Fill pane, and then do the following: In the Type list, select Linear . In the Angle box, enter 225 . Under Gradient stops , click Add gradient stops or Remove gradient stops until two stops appear in the slider. Also under Gradient stops , customize the gradient stops as follows: Select the first stop in the slider, and then do the following: In the Position box, enter 0% . Click the button next to Color , and then under Theme Colors click White, Background 1 (first row, first option from the left). In the Transparency box, enter 0%. Select the first stop in the slider, and then do the following: In the Position box, enter 100% . Click the button next to Color , click More Colors , and then in the Colors dialog box, on the Custom tab, enter values for Red: 230 , Green: 230 , Blue: 230 . To reproduce the picture and text effects on this slide, do the following: On the Insert tab, in the Images group, click Picture . In the Insert Picture dialog box, select a picture, and then click Insert . On the slide, select the picture. Under Picture Tools , on the Format tab, in the Size group, click the arrow under Crop, click Crop to Shape , and then under Basic Shapes click Oval (first option from the left). With the picture still selected, under Picture Tools , on the Format tab, in the Size group, click the Size and Position dialog box launcher. In the Format Picture dialog box, resize or crop the image so that the height is set to 1.2” and the width is set to 1.2” . To crop the picture, click Crop in the left pane, and in the right pane, under Crop position , enter values into the Height , Width , Left , and Top boxes. To resize the picture, click Size in the left pane, and in the right pane, under Size and rotate , enter values into the Height and Width boxes. Also in the Format Picture dialog box, click 3-D Format in the left pane, and then, in the 3-D Format pane, do the following: Under Bevel , click the button next to Top and click Circle (first row, first option from the left). Under Surface , click the button next to Material , and then under Standard click Metal (fourth option from the left). Click the button next to Lighting , and then under Neutral click Contrasting (second row, second option from the left). In the Angle box, enter 25° . Also in the Format Picture dialog box, click Shadow in the left pane. In the Shadow pane, click the button next to Presets , under Outer click Offset Diagonal Bottom Left (first row, third option from the left), and then do the following: In the Transparency box, enter 77% . In the Size box, enter 100% . In the Blur box, enter 10 pt . In the Angle box, enter 141° . In the Distance box, enter 10 pt . On the slide, drag the picture onto the curve, near the top. On the Insert tab, in the Text group, click Text Box . On the slide, drag to draw the text box. Enter text in the text box and select it. On the Home tab, in the Font group, do the following: In the Font list, select Corbel . In the Font Size box, enter 22 . Click the arrow next to Font Color , and then under Theme Colors click White, Background 1, Darker 50% (sixth row, first option from the left). On the Home tab, in the Paragraph group, click Align Text Left to align the text left in the text box. On the slide, drag the text box to the right of the picture. To reproduce the animation effects on this slide, do the following: It will help to zoom out in order to view the area off the slide. On the View tab, in the Zoom group, click Zoom . In the Zoom dialog box, select 65% . On the Animations tab, in the Advanced Animation group, click Add Animation , and then click More Entrance Effects. In the Add Entrance Effect dialog box, under Moderate , click Grow & Turn , and then click OK. On the Animations tab, in the Timing group, in the Start list, select With Previous . On the Animations tab, in the Timing group, in the Duration box, enter 1 . On the Animations tab, in the Advanced Animation group, click Add Animation , and then under Motion Paths click Arcs. On the Animations tab, in the Timing group, in the Start list, select With Previous . On the Animations tab, in the Timing group, in the Duration box, enter 1 . On the Animations tab, in the Animation group, click Effect Options , and then click Right . On the Animations tab, in the Animation group, click Effect Options , and then click Reverse Path Direction . On the slide, select the arc effect path, and then drag the bottom sizing handle below the bottom of the slide. Drag the right side sizing handle to the left until the path curve approximately matches the curve of the modified triangle. Drag the green rotation handle to the left to rotate the arc path to match the curve of the modified triangle. Drag the arc path so that the red arrow is in the center of the picture. You may need to make further adjustments to the length, width, and angle of the arc path to match the curve of the modified triangle. On the slide, select the text box. On the Animations tab, in the Advanced Animation group, click Add Animation , and then under Entrance click Fade. On the Animations tab, in the Timing group, in the Start list, select After Previous . On the Animations tab, in the Timing group, in the Duration box, enter 1 . To reproduce the other animated pictures and text boxes on this slide, do the following: On the Animations tab, in the Advanced Animation group, click Animation Pane . On the slide, press and hold CTRL and then select the picture and the text box. On the Home tab, in the Clipboard group, click the arrow next to Copy , and then click Duplicate . On the slide, drag the duplicate picture and text onto the curve below the first group. On the slide, select the duplicate picture. Under Picture Tools , on the Format tab, in the Adjust group, click Change Picture . In the Insert Picture dialog box, select a picture, and then click Insert . Under Picture Tools , on the Format tab, in the Size group, click the Size and Position dialog box launcher. In the Format Picture dialog box, resize or crop the image so that the height is set to 1.2” and the width is set to 1.2” . To crop the picture, click Crop in the left pane, and in the right pane, under Crop position , enter values into the Height , Width , Left , and Top boxes. To resize the picture, click Size in the left pane, and in the right pane, under Size and rotate , enter values into the Height and Width boxes. In the Animation Pane , click the Arc animation effect for the new picture. Drag the green rotation handle to the right to rotate the arc path to match the curve of the modified triangle. Drag the arc path so that the red arrow is in the center of the picture. Click in the duplicate text box and edit the text. Repeat steps 2-7 two more times to reproduce the third and fourth pictures and text boxes with animation effects.
