4. Multiagent System: A Major Research Area of AI
• IJCAI 2016 ( Int. Joint Conf. on Artificial Intelligence)
• Machine Learning: 22 sessions
• Agent‐based and Multi‐agent Systems: 12
• Knowledge Representation, Reasoning, and Logic: 10
• Planning and Scheduling: 10
• Textbook of Artificial Intelligence
Overview of the book
The main unifying theme is the idea of an intelligent
agent. We define AI as the study of agents that receive
percepts from the environment and perform actions……
5. DAIWS 1980 Launched by Researchers in the United States
ICMAS 1995 International Conference integrating workshops
in the United States, Europe, and Japan
PRIMA 1998 Asia Pacific International Conference
AAMAS 2002 A+ Ranked International Conference
MACC(JP) MAAMAW(EU)
DAIWS(US)
ICMASPRIMA
(Workshop)
AAMAS
AA(US)
ATAL(EU)
PRIMA
(Conference)
Asia International
1980
2000
1990
2010
How We Developed Our Research Community
7. Target #1 Target #2
Target #1 4, ‐3 ‐1, 1
Target #2 ‐5, 5 2, ‐1
Example1: Security Game
Milind Tambe
University of Southern California How to allocate limited security resources
• Defenders commit first, and then Attackers
observe defenders’ behavior and make decisions.
• Optimal allocation: Weighted random
Stackelberg Equilibrium
Contribution to Security
29/52
23/52
22/52 30/52
Utility=0.433
Utility=0.294
Deployed at Los Angeles International Airport
Attacker
Defender 1000 Flights, 20 air marshals 10
41
combinations
8. Example2: Kidney Exchange
• First Idea 1986 [Rapaport]
• Exchange Started in 2003 [Roth, Sönmez, Ünver, …]
• United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) adopted
Sandholm’s algorithm in 2008 and executes it twice a
week.
Tuomas Sandholm
Carnegie Mellon UniversityIn the US, more than 70,000 patients are waiting
for kidney transplants, but only 10,000
transplants are carried out each year.
30‐chain! [New York Times 2/18/2012]
Wife
Husband Mother
Daughter
Contribution to Medical Care
16. The Language Grid
Fragmentation and recombination is the key to create customized
multi‐language environments for various intercultural activities.
more more
Disaster Management Education Medical Care
Sharing Multilingual
Information Universal Playground Multilingual Reception
Language Support for
Multi-language and Multi-cultural Communities
Sharing language resources such as dictionaries and
machine translators around the world
German Research Center
for Artificial Intelligence
Stuttgart University
National Research
Council, Italy
Chinese Academy of
Sciences NTT Research Labs
Asian Disaster Reduction Center
Kookmin University
Princeton University
NECTEC
University of Indonesia
Google. Inc.Kyoto University
NICT
2007
17. Dictionary (Data)
Parallel Text (Data)
Human Interpreter
Machine Translation
Wrapping
Wrapping
Wrapping
Wrapping
Dictionary
Dictionary Service
Parallel Text
Parallel Text Service
Machine
Translator
Machine Translation
Service
Human
Translator
Human Translation
Service
Accurate
word
translation
Approximate
translation
Low quality
high speed
translation
High quality
low speed
translation
避難場所
disaster shelter
避難場所は、家から近い学校です。
In the case of disaster, people should be
evacuated to a school nearby their house.
避難場所は、家から近い学校です。
Disaster shelter is school close from a house.
避難場所は、家から近い学校です。
Your disaster shelter is the school closest to
your house.
From Language Resources to Language Services
22. Designing Language Communication
Japanese: たんぼの準備として、田起こしや代掻き、あぜぬりをして下さ
い。
Vietnamese: Chuẩn bị đất là kết hợp giữa canh tác đất, cày bừa và đắp bờ.
(English: Land preparation is a combination of tillage of the soil, puddling and
levee painting.)
Example-based Translation
Service
Translation Service with Agricultural
Dictionary
Japanese-
English
Translator
English-
Vietnamese
Translator
Multilingual
Dictionary
for Agriculture
☆
Japanese
Part-of-Speech
Tagger
Vietnamese
Part-of-Speech
Tagger
Multilingual
Parallel Texts
for Agriculture
☆☆
Example-
Based
Machine
Translator
Japanese
Dependency
Parser
Back
Translation
Best
Translation
Selection
Online
Consultation
by Human
Vietnamese
Farmers
Japanese
Experts
☆ Multilingual Dictionary for Agriculture is provided by NPO Pangaea, Japan National Agriculture Research Center, Vietnam MARD. Entry Number: 3,099 (Sep. 2014)
☆☆ Multilingual Parallel Texts for Agriculture is provided by NPO Pangaea, Japan National Agriculture Research Center, Vietnam MARD. Entry Number: 2,485 (Sep. 2014)
Best Translation Selection
Service
25. Self‐initiated repair or user adaptation to machine
translation:
Before posting a message, the sender modifies input
texts to improve translation quality.
Other‐initiated repair or collaborative translation:
If a translation was imperfect, collaboration is initiated
by a receiver.
Topic 1: Collaboration Protocol
Interaction patterns among users in ICE2002.
S. Nomura, T. Ishida, N. Yamashita, M. Yasuoka and K. Funakoshi. Open source software development with your
mother language: Intercultural Collaboration Experiment 2002. International Conference on Human‐Computer
Interaction, Vol. 4, pp. 1163‐1167, 2003.
2002
26. Collaborative Translation Protocol
Machine
Translator
Source
Language
Side
Target
Language
Side
1. Send the source sentence 2. Evaluate fluency of the
translation.
3. Send the sentence
which is modified to
be fluent.
4. Evaluate adequacy of the
translation against the
source sentence.
Improve adequacy of the translation result Improve fluency of the translation result
D. Morita and T. Ishida. Collaborative translation by monolinguals with machine translators.
International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces, pp. 361‐366, 2009.
2009
30. Multi‐Agent Based Participatory Simulation
Analysis Design
Field Experiment
or
Multi-Agent Based
Participatory Simulation
Language / Knowledge
Communication
ModelingMachine
Translatio
n
(JA→EN)
Post-
Editing
(EN→EN)
Japanese
Bridger
Vietnamese
Bridger
Vietnamese
Youth
Japanese
Expert
Machine
Translation
(EN→VI)
Parallel Texts
(JA→VI)
Pre-
Editing
(JA→JA
)
English
Bridger
Post-
Editing
(VI→VI)
2015
Test technologies in advance with various stakeholders.