Form 3 PMR Science Chapter 6 Natural Fuel Resources and their importance

1. Natural Fuel Resources
and Their Importance
Chapter 6
Land and Its Resources

2. Types of Fossil Fuels
• Coal
• Petroleum
• Natural Gas

3. Coal

4. Coal
• Soft, Black sedimentary rock
• Inflammable
• Composed of carbon
• Originated from plants grown
in swampy areas

5. Formation of Coal

7. Uses of Coal

8. Petroleum & Natural Gas

9. Petroleum – Crude oil
• Thick and Sticky oil
• Mixture of different hydrocarbons
• Separated by distillations
Natural gas
• Mainly methane gas
• Trapped together with petroleum
• Formed from decaying organic matter -
phytoplankton

11. Formation of Petroleum

12. The dead matter is covered with silt and mud. This silt and mud
eventually compresses into rock, leaving the organic material
trapped between two layers of rock:

15. Some of the world’s most
productive sedimentary basins
• Saudi Arabia
• Kuwait
• Alaska – north slope
• Texas – Louisiana Gulf Coast
• Iraq and Iran
• Mexico
• Venezuela

18. Fractional distillation in lab

23. Comparison of Petroleum Fractions
Characteristics Petroleum Fraction
Temperature 30 - 80 81 - 180 181 - 250 Above 250
( ⁰C)
Colour of Clear Light yellow Yellow Light brown
Distillate
Name Petrol Kerosene Diesel Bitumen
Viscosity of Very low Low Viscous Very viscous
distillate
Colour of Blue Orange Yellow Red
flame
Amount of - Little More soot A lot
soot