On National Teacher Day, meet the 2024-25 Kenan Fellows
Smart grid
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SMART GRID
Under the Guidance of Submitted By
Dr. Mahendra Kumar Vinay Kumar Singh
Head of Department 1404320057 (III year)
Department of Electrical Engineering Electrical Engineering
INTRODUCTION
Smart grid is a combination of hardware management and
reporting software in order to built a intelligent
communication infrastructure.
Integrates Information and communication technology (ICT)
to the power system for :-
Increased reliability
More security
Better efficiency
Reduced environmental impacts
PRESENT ELECTRICITY GRID COMPARISON
EXSISTING GRID
ELECTROMECHANICAL
ONE -WAY
COMMUNICATION
CENTRALIZED
GENERATION
FEW SENSORS
MANUAL MONITORING
MANUAL RESTORATION
FAILURES AND
BLACKOUTS
LIMITED CONTROL
SMART GRID
DIGITAL
TWO-WAY
COMMUNICATION
DISTRIBUTED
GENERATION
SENSORS THROUGHOUT
SELF MONITORING
SELF HEALING
ADAPTIVE AND
ISLANDING
PERSASIVE CONTROL
The Grid as it’s stands
What’s at Risk
National Economy
Security
Environment/climate changes
Global competitiveness
WORKING OF SMART GRID
Integration of all sources of energy mainly renewable
Continuous monitoring and feedback from network
Helps in fault prevention
Establish a two way communication
Reduces the stress on existing infrastructure
Reduces and shifts the peak demand
Conserve energy during transmission and distribution
Uses better technologies
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ENERGY CONSERVATION
TECHNIQUES IN TRANSFORMER
IMPROVEMENT IN DESIGN AND MATERIAL OF
TRANSFORMER
By using energy efficient transformer.
By using amorphous transformer
ENERGY CONSERVATION DURING
TRANSMISSION
BY REDUCING RESISTANCE
BY CONTROLLING VOLTAGE LEVELS
BY REDUCING RESISTANCE
BY CONTROLLING VOLTAGE LEVELS
ENERGY CONSERVATION DURING
DISTRIBUTION
BALANCING OF PHASE LOADS
POWER FACTOR IMPROVEMENTS
WER FACTOR IMPROVEMENT
Advanced Transmission System
Phasor measurement units
Wide area monitoring systems
Flexible AC transmission system
SCADA
FLISR
Power electronics
Islanding concept
Advanced Distribution System
PHASOR MEASUREMENT UNIT
It’s (PMU) a device which measures the electrical waves on
an electricity grid using a common time source for
synchronization.
Works on the concept of synchro phasor technique.
FLEXIBLE AC TRANSMISSION SYSTEM
Voltage control
System stability
Controls real and reactive power flow
High speed response
INTRODUCTION TO SCADA
Supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA)
The SCADA system in the control room is able to make these
automated decisions in real-time by running algorithms based
on the data it receives and adjustments to optimize voltages
and self-heal any disruption issues.
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SMART METERS
Uses a secure national communication network (called the
DCC) to automatically and wirelessly send your actual energy
usage to your supplier
More accurate bills
Better understanding of your usage
Innovative energy tariffs
ADVANTAGES
Reduces carbon foot prints
Increased capacity to fulfil demand
Improves distribution management
Self healing capability
Automated control for distribution
Increased efficiency
Sustainability
New types of loads such as EVs
CHALLENGES
Lack of awareness
Security
Opposition and concerns
High Investment / Cost Factor
Meters can easily be hacked
Utilities can increase/decrease demand of power
INDIA’S ELECTRICITY NEEDS
DEMAND – 2,10,000 MW
(CENTRAL ENERGY AUTHORITY MOP)
PRODUCTION- 1,82,000 MW
INSTALLED CAPACITY - 2,25,000 MW
DEFICIT- 10.2%
INDIA’S SMART GRID PILOT PROJECTS SUPER SMART GRID
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CONCLUSION
It would go on a long way in solving present energy issues.
Has positive environmental impact
Has long term economic outcome
Drawbacks in short term like lack of funding
Problems of privacy
Lack of public support initially
REFERENCES
United States Department of Energy by Litos Coorporation
Journal of Emerging Trends in Computing and Information
Sciences by Gurlin Singh Lamba
Smart Grid European Technology Platform by EDSPO