The document discusses the Philippine Carabao Center's genetic improvement program for carabao. The center aims to establish a gene pool for the Philippine carabao and select for economically important traits like growth, meat and milk yield, and reproductive abilities. Scientists at the center are conducting research using techniques like artificial insemination, embryo transfer, and cryopreservation to breed carabaos with desirable traits and improve yields, which will benefit small-scale farmers. The program seeks to enhance the native carabao's utility while conserving the breed into the future.
5. INTRODUCTION
• GENETICALLY MODIFIED ORGANISMS
• (GMOs) are living organisms whose genetic material has been
artificially manipulated in a laboratory through genetic engineering.
• GENETIC ENGINEERING
• Refers to the direct manipulation of DNA to alter an organism's
characteristics (phenotype) in a way.
• CROSS-BREEDING
• Process of reproducing an offspring by mating two different species,
breed, or varieties.
6. INTRODUCTION
• PHILIPPINE CARABAO CENTER
• Sentro ng Kalabaw sa Pilipinas
• Attached agency of Department of Agriculture
• established at Science City of Muñoz in Nueva Ecija province in
1992
• VISION
• A premier research and development institution propelling
sustainable growth of the livestock industry.
7. INTRODUCTION
• MISSION
• Improve the general well-being and competitiveness of the livestock
industry stakeholders through animal biotechnology and technology
development, technology dissemination and knowledge resource
management, active private sector participation, livestock-based
enterprises, and policy reforms to sustain development of livestock
enterprises, thus ensuring socio-economic empowerment for nation
building.
8. INTRODUCTION
• MANDATE
• The Philippine Carabao Center (PCC), operating as an attached
agency of the Department of Agriculture, is mandated to conserve,
propagate, and promote the Carabao as a source of milk, meat, draft
power and hide to benefit the rural farmers.
9. INTRODUCTION
• THE NATIONAL CARABAO DEVELOPMENT
PROGRAM
• “Strengthening of the Philippine Carabao Research and
Development Center”
• This program aims to increase the genetic potential of the native
carabao for meat, milk and draft for the development of livestock
industry and of farming communities.
13. HISTORY
• APRIL 5, 2002
• The world’s first calf produced out of in-vitro produced-vitrified-
warmed embryo was born. This coincided with the 55th birthday of
President Gloria M. Arroyo, inspiring PCC officials and scientists to
name her GLORY.
• JANUARY 2004
• Twin buffalo calves from embryos fertilized in vitro were born, a
breakthrough in reproductive biotechnology.
14. HISTORY
• FEBRUARY 2007
• PCC Molecular Genetics Laboratory (MGL) was established for
mapping molecular markers on buffaloes that will help in identifying
genes that are of economic interest.
• NOVEMBER 2012
• The Milka Krem, a market venue for premium carabao’s milk-based
products was opened to the public. This is where the milk produce
from the dairy cooperatives in surrounding town of Nueva Ecija are
processed.
17. TYPES & BREEDS OF CARABAOS
• SWAMP TYPE
• Distinguished by its natural preference for swamps or marshlands;
primarily utilized for farm work
• Philippine Carabao is a domestic swamp-type water buffalo native to
the Philippines.
18. TYPES & BREEDS OF CARABAOS
• RIVER TYPE
• Exemplified by the Indian and sub-continent breeds; considered
under the dairy category because it possesses high genetic for milk
production
• Murrah breed are reputed as a high milk yield breed that can produce
an average of more than eight liters of milk daily over a 300 days long
annual productive cycle. Better performing Murrah buffalo can
produce 12 to 15 liters per day on average, with top performers going
up to 25 liters per day.
21. PROCESS
How do they do it?
For centuries, the Philippine carabao, which is a swamp-type water buffalo,
has been the ideal companion and helpmate of farmers in their day-to-day
chores. Its draft power abilities, and its being tractable and friendly, have
given it the status of being so indispensable, local farmers often said they
were less effective and efficient without the creatures.
Times have changed, though. In the advent of farm mechanization, the
carabao’s role has been diminished, and it is now underutilized, especially
since the numbers of the riverine or dairy type carabaos, its cousin, are
increasing.
22. PROCESS
But all is not lost for the Philippine carabao.
The Philippine Carabao Center (PCC), upholding its mandate to conserve,
propagate, and promote the carabao as a source of milk, meat, draft power,
and hide to rural farming families, is embarking on aprogram to improve
the native carabao.
It is now committed to establishing a gene pool for the Philippine carabao,
and from this pool, the selection of its economically important traits will be
done.These traits include growth, carcass quality, and reproductive abilities.
23. PROCESS
Foremost on the PCC’s list of things to do for this animalare: to improve its
size, weight, and capabilities to yield more draft power, meat, milk, and
other benefits that can be derived from it.
In the genetic improvement program (GIP) for the Philippine carabao,
conservation efforts will underscore the maintenance of a viable herd and
long term storage of germplasm in the form of frozen semen, and perhaps
frozen embryos, and improving the animal’s growth rate, reproductive
performance, and carcass traits via a breeding program that will emphasize
selection for these traits.
27. ADVATAGES
• Greater yields are produced through the Genetic Improvement
Program (GIP)
• improving the genes of both the riverine (dairy type) and swamp
(native type) buffaloes that will eventually redound to the best
interest of thousands of Filipino farmers
• Increased milk productivity
• Thus, would result to additional income which would help
improve the economic status of small-scale farming families
• Increase in production
• Helps meet the immediate need for food caused by the rapid
growth of the human population
28. DISADVANTAGES
• Only the best cows, those with preferred characteristics and traits are
picked for breeding
• In the far future, this would mean that natural cows would cease to
exist as only the best cows are picked to breed and this continue
their lineage.
31. SCIENTISTS INVOLVED
• Dr. Danila H. Dulan
• involved in livestock biotechnology research since 1994 under the
Reproductive Biotechnology Unit. She also conducted a research,
along with her PCC scientists, on In Vitro Fertilization in 2002 which
led to the first embryo-transfer calf produced from IVF-derived and
cryopreserved embryo imported from India.
• Dr. Peregrino Duran
• a member of Philippine Carabao Research and Development Center
(PCDRC) first before he joined PCC. His works focuses in the
breeding of buffaloes and is currently working as the leader of PCC’s
Dairy Herd Improvement and Enterprise Development Program
(Bentadan, 2013).
32. SCIENTISTS INVOLVED
• Dr. Arnel N. del Barrio
• an animal nutritionist and a researcher known for his research on
determining the potential of buffalo meat and milk production and
for promoting buffalo as a profitable enterprise for farmers.
• Dr. Edwin C. Atabay
• known for his significant contribution to the development of the
procedure in nuclear transfer of somatic cells in buffaloes and
production of embryos for embryo transfer and cryobanking. His
other contributions are inclined to improvement of reproduction
technologies, such as artificial insemination, multiple ovulation and
embryo transfer, in-vitro embryo production and transfer.
33. SCIENTISTS INVOLVED
• Dr. Eufrocina P. Atabay
• contributed significantly in the field of in-vitro reproduction, such as
in-vitro production of buffalo, cattle, and goat embryos, and the
cryopreservation of oocytes, embryos, somatic cells, and semen for
reproduction and cryobanking purposes. She also took lead in
Research and Development for optimizing other reproductive
biotechnologies: ovulation and estrus synchronization, fixed time
artificial insemination, multiple ovulation and embryo transfer,
through better understanding of the ovarian function and follicular
dynamics (Irang, 2014).
36. IMPACTS ON SOCIETY
• The GIP is the core component in the implementation of the CDP. It
primary goal is to improve the genetic merit of both the swamp and
riverin type of buffalos to produce better series.
• Carabao is a major contributor in the agricultural industry.
• It provides us meat and dairy products for consumption and contributes
to a more sustainable agriculture.
• Dairy buffalos must partake sufficient nutrients to reach their optimum
milk production capacity.
