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VIETNAM
ONLINE
Digital Usage and Behavior,
2015-2020
NOVEMBER 2016
Rahul Chadha
Contributor: Dustin Sodano
Read this on
eMarketer for iPad
VIETNAM ONLINE: DIGITAL USAGE AND BEHAVIOR, 2015-2020	 ©2016 EMARKETER INC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED	2
VIETNAM ONLINE: DIGITAL USAGE AND BEHAVIOR, 2015-2020
Vietnam’s young population and low service costs help give the country a higher internet penetration rate than
most of its neighbors in Southeast Asia. Usage of smartphones and related activities, including use of social media
and messaging apps, are also fairly high.
■■ In 2016, more than half of the country will access the
internet at least once a month—a higher rate than in
India, Indonesia andThailand.
■■ According to Nielsen, internet users in Vietnam spend
nearly 25 hours per week online.This is high compared
with elsewhere in Southeast Asia.
■■ One poll found that mobile phones are the most
common device used to access the web in Vietnam,
employed by 85% of internet users ages 15 to 49.
Nearly three-quarters (73%) used laptops.
■■ More than one-third of Vietnam’s population are social
network users. By 2020, that figure will approach half
(46.7 million). Smartphones, used by 38.3% of adults
at least monthly, are a main reason behind social
networking’s growth.
■■ Messaging apps are even more popular. One survey
found that 74% of smartphone users used a messaging
service more than once per week, while only 60% had
used social media apps.
■■ Retail ecommerce sales, excluding travel, will total
$1.71 billion in 2016, accounting for just 1.1% of total
retail sales in Vietnam. By 2020, that figure will expand
to only 1.5%.
■■ Purchasing online video is not yet very common. One
poll found that only 13% of internet users in Vietnam
had paid for an online video provider. By comparison,
78% had paid for cableTV and 40% had paid for
satelliteTV.
■■ Online video viewers have one destination that stands
out from the rest:YouTube.
WHAT’S IN THIS REPORT?This report looks at some of
the most crucial aspects of Vietnam’s digital usage and
behavior, including internet penetration, smartphones and
social networks, messaging apps, ecommerce and video.
% of respondents
Average Daily Time Spent Online Among Internet
Users in Vietnam, 2015
<3 hours
7%
3-5 hours
26%
5-7 hours
32%
7-9 hours
15%
9+ hours
20%
Note: n=967 ages 15-49
Source: Vietnam Ecommerce and Information Technology Agency (VECITA),
"2015 Vietnam Ecommerce Report," April 15, 2016
210076 www.eMarketer.com
KEY STAT: Internet users in Vietnam tend to spend a
great deal of time online. In 2015, 58% of users spent an
average of 3 to 7 hours daily online, while 20% spent 9 or
more hours on the web.
CONTENTS
2	 Vietnam Online: Digital Usage and Behavior, 2015-2020
3	 Vietnam’s Internet Penetration Is Driven by Mobile Phones
4	 Smartphone Users Gravitate to Social Networks
6	 Messaging Apps Appeal to the Price Conscious
7	 Local and Regional Players Rule Ecommerce
10	 Paying Customers Still Prefer Cable and Satellite over
Video-on-Demand
12	 eMarketer Interviews
12	 Related eMarketer Content
12	 Related Links
12	 Editorial and Production Contributors
VIETNAM ONLINE: DIGITAL USAGE AND BEHAVIOR, 2015-2020	 ©2016 EMARKETER INC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED	3
VIETNAM’S INTERNET
PENETRATION IS DRIVEN BY
MOBILE PHONES
Vietnam has one of the higher internet penetration
rates in Southeast Asia thanks to a young population
and low access costs. eMarketer estimates that this
year, for the first time, more than half of the country’s
population (50.6%) will access the internet at least
once a month.That puts its penetration rate above
India, Indonesia andThailand.The number of internet
users in the country is expected to grow from
48.2 million in 2016 to 61.7 million in 2020, when the
penetration rate will reach 62.5%.
Vietnam’s internet growth is complicated by the active
role the government plays in regulation. While the
economic reforms begun by the government in 1986—
known collectively as Doi Moi—have liberalized the
country’s economy, the government still monitors online
content and suppresses anything deemed subversive.
While the level of control over the internet in Vietnam
does not approach that seen in China, the country’s two
largest internet service providers, Viettel and Vietnam Post
andTelecommunications (VNPT), are state-run entities.
However, these controls have not tempered residents’
interest in accessing the internet. According to November
2015 data from Nielsen, internet users in Vietnam spent
an average of 24.7 hours per week online, tying them
with internet users in the Philippines, and trailing only
internet users in Singapore, a country with a much more
robust internet infrastructure.
hours
Weekly Time Spent Online According to Internet
Users in Select Countries in Asia-Pacific, Nov 2015
Singapore 25.9
Philippines 24.7
Vietnam 24.7
Hong Kong 24.4
Malaysia 24.2
India 24.1
Taiwan 23.0
Indonesia 20.3
Thailand 19.5
Note: n=1,000 ages 16+ in each country
Source: Nielsen, "Cross-Platform Insights Report 2015" as cited in press
release, June 21, 2016
212518 www.eMarketer.com
The amount of time internet users spend online daily was
also substantial. According to the Vietnam Ecommerce
and InformationTechnology Agency (VECITA), only 7% of
internet users in Vietnam spent an average of 3 hours or
less online each day in 2015, while 58% spent between 3
and 7 hours.
% of respondents
Average Daily Time Spent Online Among Internet
Users in Vietnam, 2015
<3 hours
7%
3-5 hours
26%
5-7 hours
32%
7-9 hours
15%
9+ hours
20%
Note: n=967 ages 15-49
Source: Vietnam Ecommerce and Information Technology Agency (VECITA),
"2015 Vietnam Ecommerce Report," April 15, 2016
210076 www.eMarketer.com
For consumers in Vietnam, the route to the internet will
increasingly run through mobile devices. VECITA also
reported that in 2015 mobile phones surpassed laptops as
the device most commonly used to access the internet:
85% of internet users ages 15 to 49 said they relied on
mobile phones to get online, while 73% of respondents
used a laptop.
VIETNAM ONLINE: DIGITAL USAGE AND BEHAVIOR, 2015-2020	 ©2016 EMARKETER INC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED	4
% of respondents
Devices Used to Access the Internet Among Internet
Users in Vietnam, 2014 & 2015
Laptop
75%
73%
Mobile phone
65%
85%
Desktop
33%
38%
Tablet
19%
19%
2014 2015
Note: n=967 ages 15-49
Source: Vietnam Ecommerce and Information Technology Agency (VECITA),
"2015 Vietnam Ecommerce Report," April 15, 2016
210077 www.eMarketer.com
Internet access via mobile phones will continue to grow
in part due to the continued adoption of smartphones
in Vietnam. eMarketer estimates that the number of
smartphone users in the country will increase from
36.5 million, or 38.3% of the population, this year to
58.4 million users in 2020, when they will account for
59.2% of residents.
Mobile Phone* and Smartphone** Users in Vietnam,
2015-2020
Mobile phone users*
(millions)
—% of population
—% change
Smartphone users**
(millions)
—% of population
—% of mobile phone users
—% change
2015
57.1
60.5%
4.4%
27.2
28.8%
47.6%
40.4%
2016
59.2
62.1%
3.7%
36.5
38.3%
61.7%
34.4%
2017
61.0
63.5%
3.1%
43.7
45.5%
71.6%
19.8%
2018
62.9
64.8%
3.1%
49.5
51.0%
78.7%
13.3%
2019
64.5
65.9%
2.6%
54.5
55.6%
84.4%
10.1%
2020
65.9
66.8%
2.2%
58.4
59.2%
88.6%
7.3%
Note: *individuals of any age who own at least one mobile phone and use
the phone(s) at least once per month; **individuals of any age who own at
least one smartphone and use the smartphone(s) at least once per month
Source: eMarketer, Sep 2016
215558 www.eMarketer.com
A May 2016 survey of smartphone users in Asia-Pacific
from research firm GfK found that 81% of respondents in
Vietnam used their devices to access the internet daily.
That figure was higher than the one reported for Japan,
India and Australia, underscoring just how fundamental
smartphones have become to gaining internet access
in Vietnam.
SMARTPHONE USERS GRAVITATE
TO SOCIAL NETWORKS
Internet users, particularly those on advanced
handsets, have been quick to join social networks.
eMarketer estimates that 35.8 million people in
Vietnam will be social network users in 2016, or 37.6%
of the population. By 2020, those figures will climb to
46.7 million people and a penetration rate of 47.3%.
Social Network Users and Penetration in Vietnam,
2015-2020
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Social network users (millions) 32.3 35.8 39.1 42.1 45.1 46.7
—% change 13.8% 10.9% 9.2% 7.8% 6.9% 3.6%
—% of internet users 72.7% 74.2% 75.1% 75.5% 75.6% 75.7%
—% of population 34.2% 37.6% 40.7% 43.4% 46.0% 47.3%
Note: internet users who use a social network via any device at least once
per month
Source: eMarketer, Nov 2016
218574 www.eMarketer.com
Kantar Media Vietnam (KMV) found that 80% of internet
users ages 15 to 54 in urban areas in Vietnam polled
in 2015 used social networks, making it the most
popular internet activity in the survey, tied with visiting
news websites.
% of respondents
Leading Internet Activities Among Internet Users in
Vietnam*, 2015
Access news websites 80%
Social network use 80%
Instant messaging 72%
Listen to music online 69%
Online newspaper 68%
Find information 62%
View video clip 47%
Send/receive emails 39%
Watch TV shows 34%
Academic/research 33%
Note: n=5,775 ages 15-54; *urban areas
Source: Kantar Media Vietnam (KMV), "Vietnam Media Habit Survey," May 5,
2016
210817 www.eMarketer.com
VIETNAM ONLINE: DIGITAL USAGE AND BEHAVIOR, 2015-2020	 ©2016 EMARKETER INC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED	5
Smartphones will play a key role in facilitating access to
social networks among internet users. Research from
W&S Group found that social media app use was already
deeply entrenched in the behavior of smartphone users
in Vietnam, a mobile-first market. According to a poll of
smartphone app users in Vietnam conducted by W&S
Group in March 2016, 84.1% of respondents opened a
social networking app daily.
% of respondents
Frequency with Which Smartphone Social Media App
Users in Indonesia, Thailand and Vietnam Use
Smartphone Social Media Apps, March 2016
Indonesia Thailand Vietnam
Daily 80.9% 86.9% 84.1%
5-6 times per week 10.7% 7.7% 8.5%
3-4 times per week 3.9% 3.0% 3.0%
1-2 times per week 2.2% 1.5% 3.6%
Less than once per week 2.4% 0.9% 0.8%
Note: Indonesia n=460; Thailand n=465; Vietnam n=504; ages 17+;
respondents referred to their most used social media apps in the past 30
days; numbers may not add up to 100% due to rounding
Source: W&S Group, "Tracking Study on Smartphone Applications," May 11,
2016
210840 www.eMarketer.com
In addition, W&S Group reported that 84.0% of
smartphone users in Vietnam had opened a social
networking app sometime in the 30 days preceding its
March 2016 poll.That put social networking apps ahead of
other app categories in the poll, including games, music,
and photo and video apps.
Facebook has already established a strong presence in
Vietnam, with an estimated 91.5% of all social network
users in the country accessing the platform in 2016.
eMarketer projects the number of Facebook users in
Vietnam will increase from 32.7 million this year (34.4%
of the population) to 43.5 million (44.1%) in 2020.
Facebook Users and Penetration in Vietnam,
2015-2020
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Facebook users (millions) 29.4 32.7 36.0 39.0 41.9 43.5
—% change 14.5% 11.5% 9.8% 8.4% 7.5% 3.8%
—% of social network users 91.0% 91.5% 92.0% 92.5% 93.0% 93.2%
—% of internet users 66.2% 67.9% 69.1% 69.8% 70.3% 70.5%
—% of population 31.1% 34.4% 37.4% 40.2% 42.8% 44.1%
Note: internet users who access their Facebook account via any device at
least once per month
Source: eMarketer, Nov 2016
218786 www.eMarketer.com
Facebook’s dominance over competing social networks in
Vietnam also extends to smartphones. According to We
Are Social, Facebook’s social media app had a penetration
rate of 29% among the overall population as of Q4 2015,
putting it ahead of local chat app Zalo, Google+, Line,
Twitter and Instagram, among other social media and
messaging platforms.
% of population
Social Media/Messaging App User Penetration in
Vietnam, by Platform, Q4 2015
Facebook 29%
Zalo 25%
Facebook Messenger 25%
Google+ 20%
Skype 15%
Viber 11%
Line 10%
Twitter 9%
Instagram 9%
WhatsApp 6%
Source: We Are Social, "Digital in 2016," Jan 27, 2016
204245 www.eMarketer.com
While Facebook has experienced success in capturing
market share, its gains also face a potential threat.
Vietnam’s government has shown a willingness to block
the platform at moments of political unrest, as when
protesters gathered for rallies in May 2016 following mass
fish deaths attributed to pollution released into waters
from a plastics manufacturing company.
While Facebook once faced competition from local
upstart Zing Me, the latter was unable to keep pace with
the innovations offered by Mark Zuckerberg’s company,
and was eventually abandoned by users. Now Facebook
is the clear leader in Vietnam, with a penetration rate that
will be hard for competitors to reach or even approach.
VIETNAM ONLINE: DIGITAL USAGE AND BEHAVIOR, 2015-2020	 ©2016 EMARKETER INC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED	6
MESSAGING APPS APPEAL TO
THE PRICE CONSCIOUS
InVietnam, messaging apps are broadly adopted by
smartphone users for a simple reason—they provide
users with over-the-top (OTT) services that allow
customers to avoid sometimes costly texting services
provided by mobile network operators.
The GfK survey found that 74% of smartphone users in
Vietnam used a messaging service more than once per
week, a higher figure than those who used either social
media (60%) or shopping apps (31%).
% of respondents
Smartphone Users in Asia-Pacific Who Use
Smartphone Messaging, Social Media and Shopping
Apps Regularly*, by Country, May 2016
Messaging Social media Shopping
Australia 70% 63% 21%
China 79% 70% 48%
India 82% 81% 54%
Indonesia 83% 86% 35%
Japan 39% 47% 15%
Singapore 82% 76% 37%
Thailand 55% 82% 32%
Vietnam 74% 60% 31%
Note: n=8,099 ages 18+; *more than once per week
Source: GfK, "The Connected Consumer: Insights into Digital Consumer
Behavior in APAC," June 22, 2016
213791 www.eMarketer.com
Messaging app users in Vietnam have embraced local
platform Zalo in a market that is now crowded with
international competitors. According to DI Marketing,
80% of smartphone users polled in June 2016 had Zalo
installed on their devices, more than the 73% who
had installed Facebook Messenger. Global messaging
giants WeChat and WhatsApp barely registered among
smartphone users in Vietnam, with install rates of 5% and
4%, respectively.
% of respondents in each group
Messaging Apps that Smartphone Users in Vietnam
Have Installed on Their Smartphone, by Age,
June 2016
18-25 26-30 30-35 35+ Total
Zalo 80% 83% 81% 71% 80%
Facebook Messenger 78% 72% 75% 55% 73%
Viber 33% 43% 51% 51% 40%
Skype 37% 40% 41% 23% 37%
Line 21% 18% 15% 11% 18%
Yahoo 9% 11% 16% 13% 11%
Tango 7% 10% 11% 13% 9%
WeChat 4% 7% 8% 2% 5%
WhatsApp 4% 4% 5% 3% 4%
KakaoTalk 3% 3% 4% 1% 3%
BeeTalk 3% 1% 3% 1% 2%
Snapchat 2% 1% 3% 2% 2%
Other 1% 3% 1% 1% 2%
Note: n=1,200
Source: DI Marketing, "Chat Apps Usage in Vietnam," June 10, 2016
212098 www.eMarketer.com
Zalo’s parent company, VNG, reported in April 2016 that its
messaging app had 50 million registered users. Despite
its near ubiquity among smartphone users in Vietnam,
Zalo still faces a formidable opponent in Facebook
Messenger, which had nearly the same install rate as Zalo
among those ages 18 to 25, according to DI Marketing.
In addition, We Are Social data cited earlier found that
Zalo and Facebook Messenger had the same install rate,
25%, among smartphone users in Vietnam as of Q4 2015.
Zalo has benefitted from a lack of strong competition
from regional messaging platforms like Line and Kakao
Talk.This is partly due to resistance among consumers
to digital payment systems. In underbanked Vietnam,
consumers still rely on cash to pay for most goods and
services. While Facebook generates its revenues largely
through advertising, platforms like Line and KakaoTalk
are heavily reliant on in-app purchases made using digital
payment systems, which are not yet widely adopted
in Vietnam.
The use of messaging apps in Vietnam is not a zero-sum
game, with a majority of end-users installing a number of
apps that provide essentially the same service. According
to DI Marketing, 89% of messaging app users in Vietnam
used more than one messaging app.
VIETNAM ONLINE: DIGITAL USAGE AND BEHAVIOR, 2015-2020	 ©2016 EMARKETER INC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED	7
% of respondents
Number of Messaging Apps Used by Smartphone
Messaging App Users in Vietnam, by Age, June 2016
18-25
10% 15% 30% 34% 11%
26-30
7% 33% 25% 18% 16%
30-35
12% 30% 21% 24% 14%
35+
24% 35% 26% 9% 6%
Total
12% 33% 27% 17% 12%
1 2 3 4 5+
Note: n=1,200; via smartphone; numbers may not add up to 100% due to
rounding
Source: DI Marketing, "Chat Apps Usage in Vietnam," June 10, 2016
212097 www.eMarketer.com
The market for messaging apps was most fragmented at
the younger end, with 45% of respondents ages 18 to 25
using four or more messaging apps. In fact, the research
showed that those under 35 were using only one app in
significantly smaller numbers than those who were 35
or older.
LOCAL AND REGIONAL PLAYERS
RULE ECOMMERCE
Ecommerce has yet to take off inVietnam. eMarketer
anticipates retail ecommerce sales, excluding travel,
will total $1.71 billion in 2016, accounting for only
1.1% of the $161.16 billion in total retail sales.
Retail ecommerce sales in Vietnam will total
$3.26 billion by 2020, constituting 1.5% of all retail
sales, eMarketer estimates.
billions, % change and % of total retail sales
Total Retail and Retail Ecommerce* Sales in Vietnam,
2015-2020
Total retail
sales
—% change
Retail
ecommerce*
sales
—% change
—% of total
retail sales
2015
$147.99
9.9%
$1.37
43.5%
0.9%
2016
$161.16
8.9%
$1.71
24.3%
1.1%
2017
$174.37
8.2%
$2.08
22.0%
1.2%
2018
$187.45
7.5%
$2.47
18.5%
1.3%
2019
$200.57
7.0%
$2.88
16.8%
1.4%
2020
$213.61
6.5%
$3.26
13.2%
1.5%
Note: converted at the exchange rate of US$1=VND21,913.7; excludes
travel and event tickets; *includes products or services ordered using the
internet via any device, regardless of the method of payment or fulfillment
Source: eMarketer, Aug 2016
213220 www.eMarketer.com
VECITA reported that ecommerce revenue in 2015
had totaled $4.07 billion, an increase of 37% from the
previous year.
The country’s ecommerce landscape is dominated by
local and regional players. Lazada Vietnam, which is
majority-owned by China’s Alibaba Group and carries its
own inventory and serves as a marketplace, ranks among
the top players in the country. According to SimilarWeb,
Lazada Vietnam recorded the highest number of monthly
page views in Vietnam in August 2016 at 24.5 million.That
put it ahead of consumer electronics retailerThe Gioi Di
Dong, business-to-consumer (B2C) platformTiki.vn, online
retailer Sendo.vn and several others.
VIETNAM ONLINE: DIGITAL USAGE AND BEHAVIOR, 2015-2020	 ©2016 EMARKETER INC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED	8
millions
Leading B2C Ecommerce Sites in Vietnam, Ranked by
Monthly Page Views, Aug 2016
Lazada Vietnam 24.5
The Gioi Di Dong 17.1
Tiki.vn 11.7
Sendo.vn 10.7
Vatgia.com 10.4
Fptshop 7.7
Hotdeal3.2
Nguyenkim.com3.2
Lozi 2.4
Phongvu1.5
Note: represents activity tracked by SimilarWeb, broader industry metrics
may vary
Source: SimilarWeb as cited by ecommerceIQ, Sep 27, 2016
217789 www.eMarketer.com
According to data from DI Marketing, advanced handsets
have still not yet displaced desktops and laptops. Its
August 2016 survey of digital buyers in Vietnam found
that 75% of respondents used a PC to make a purchase,
while 51% used a smartphone and 21% used a tablet.
% of respondents
Devices Used for Digital Purchases by Digital Buyers
in Vietnam, Aug 2016
Desktop/laptop 75%
Smartphone 51%
Tablet 21%
Note: n=565
Source: DI Marketing, "Study About Online Shopping Behavior in Vietnam,"
Sep 12, 2016
216713 www.eMarketer.com
However, there are signs that advanced handsets are
making inroads among digital buyers in Vietnam.Tran Hai
Linh, CEO of Sendo.vn, said in June 2016 that 75% of its
customers accessed the site by smartphone.
The growth of mcommerce in Vietnam is also in line with
wider regional trends. Online marketing services provider
Criteo found that mobile transactions made up 54% of all
digital ecommerce transactions in Southeast Asia in Q2
2016, an increase from 39% in Q4 2015.
VECITA found that 64% of digital buyers in Vietnam had
purchased soft goods and cosmetics digitally in 2015,
making them the most popular product category for
ecommerce. Consumer electronics ranked second (56%),
followed by kitchen and other home appliances (49%).
% of respondents
Product/Service Categories Purchased Digitally by
Digital Buyers in Vietnam, 2015
Clothing, shoes, cosmetics
64%
Tech/electronics
56%
Kitchen and home appliances
49%
Books, stationery, gifts, flowers
42%
Travel (airfare, train ticket)
34%
Food
33%
Movie or concert tickets
22%
Hotel bookings, tours
19%
Education/business services
7%
Music/videos/DVDs/games
7%
Spa and beauty services
6%
Other
2%
Note: ages 15-49
Source: Vietnam Ecommerce and Information Technology Agency (VECITA),
"2015 Vietnam Ecommerce Report," April 15, 2016
210032 www.eMarketer.com
DIGITAL BUYERSATTACHEDTO CASH
ON DELIVERY
In Vietnam, cash on delivery (COD) remains a favored
payment method among consumers, especially in
urban areas.
According to a July 2016 survey of digital buyers living in
urban Vietnam conducted by Q&Me, 85% of respondents
used COD as their main payment method for digital
purchases. Bank transfers were the primary payment
method for 8% of those polled, while only 6% said they
relied on debit or credit cards, a reflection of the low
penetration rate of payment cards in the country.
VIETNAM ONLINE: DIGITAL USAGE AND BEHAVIOR, 2015-2020	 ©2016 EMARKETER INC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED	9
% of respondents
Primary Payment Method Used for Digital Purchases
According to Digital Buyers in Urban Vietnam*,
July 2016
Cash on delivery
85%
Bank
transfer
8%
Credit card/
debit card
6%
Note: numbers may not add up to 100% due to rounding; *Hanoi and Ho
Chi Minh City
Source: Q&Me, "Vietnam Ecommerce Market Survey," July 19, 2016
214693 www.eMarketer.com
Similarly, VECITA reported that 91% of digital buyers in
Vietnam had used COD to complete an ecommerce
transaction in 2015, an increase from 64% in 2014. Digital
buyers’ use of ewallets actually declined from 37% to
11% over the same time period, while bank transfers
were used by 48% of buyers in 2015, up from 14% the
year before.
% of respondents
Payment Methods Used for Ecommerce Transactions
According to Digital Buyers in Vietnam, 2014 & 2015
Cash on delivery
64%
91%
Ewallet
37%
11%
Bank transfer
14%
48%
Scratch cards
11%
6%
Payment card (credit, debit, gift, etc.)
7%
20%
Other
1%
1%
2014 2015
Note: ages 15-49
Source: Vietnam Ecommerce and Information Technology Agency (VECITA),
"2015 Vietnam Ecommerce Report," April 15, 2016
210079 www.eMarketer.com
Vietnam is similar to India in its adherence to COD as a
preferred payment method. As in India, consumers have
little incentive to switch over to other payment methods,
with many services accepting cash as a matter of course.
“Even if I want to pay my electricity bill, someone
comes around and collects cash,” said Richard Burrage,
managing partner at Vietnam-based market research firm
Cimigo. Furthermore, COD also makes it easier to refuse
an order once it arrives. “If I do some shopping online, I’ll
pay them in cash. All of the fears of online shopping are
dispersed; if I don’t like it, I can turn it away,” said Burrage.
The ability of consumers to inspect goods purchased
online before paying has alleviated some of the trust
issues related to the nascent ecommerce market in
Vietnam, but it has also provided an incentive for vendors
and third-party logistics providers to keep the cost of COD
free or low. And when costs related to COD purchases
are incurred, they are usually shouldered by the merchant.
In addition, merchants and consumers prefer cash
payments because it’s easier for such transactions to
remain off the books, thus avoiding taxes.
Bank cards are rarely used to buy goods or services
thanks to the combination of an underbanked populace
and a dearth of point-of-sale (POS) terminals for offline
purchases.The government in Vietnam has moved in
recent years to encourage consumers to move toward
payment methods other than cash by establishing new
regulations for digital payments.
Still, much work remains to be done if vendors are going
to start accepting more payment methods. According to
a November 2015 survey of businesses in Vietnam by
the Vietnam Ecommerce Association (VECOM), nearly all
(97%) respondents accepted bank transfers, while only
16% accepted payment cards, a category that included
credit and debit cards. Only 4% accepted digital wallets.
% of respondents
Noncash Payment Methods Accepted by Businesses
in Vietnam, Nov 2015
Bank transfer 97%
Payment card*16%
Digital wallet4%
Scratch card**2%
Note: n=4,735; *includes all types of payment cards (credit, debit, gift, etc.);
**type of preloaded payment card
Source: Vietnam Ecommerce Association (VECOM), "Viet Nam E-Business
Index 2015," Feb 1, 2016
205474 www.eMarketer.com
VIETNAM ONLINE: DIGITAL USAGE AND BEHAVIOR, 2015-2020	 ©2016 EMARKETER INC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED	10
The digital wallet sector in Vietnam remains fractured.
Online newspaper VietnamNet reported in August 2016
that there were 16 digital wallets in operation in the
country as of May 2016, but many of them had been
developed by ecommerce platforms and worked solely on
those websites. In order for digital payment methods like
mobile wallets to catch on in Vietnam, they will have to
provide a greater range of service options for consumers.
PAYING CUSTOMERS STILL
PREFER CABLE AND SATELLITE
OVER VIDEO-ON-DEMAND
Despite the emergence of various video-on-demand
(VOD) platforms inVietnam, paying for online video
services has not yet become a widespread behavior
among consumers there.
A September 2015 poll of internet users in the
country conducted by Nielsen found that only 13% of
respondents paid for an online video service provider.
CableTV remained the dominant mode of payTV, used by
78%, while 40% paid for satelliteTV.
% of respondents
Internet Users in Vietnam Who Currently Pay for
Select TV/Video Services, Sep 2015
Cable provider 78%
Satellite provider 40%
Online service provider13%
Other7%
None of these4%
Source: Nielsen, "Global Video-on-Demand Survey" as cited in press
release, March 18, 2016
210113 www.eMarketer.com
Despite the uphill battle online video services face
from traditionalTV platforms, digitally savvy consumers
are turning to online resources in search of more and
different programming, as well as the freedom offered
by on-demand services, according to data from Nielsen’s
November 2015 study.
“Consumers are exercising their choice of how, when and
where they can obtain their content and are more active
in their media habits than ever before,” said Doan Duy
Khoa, director of consumer insights for Nielsen Vietnam.
VIETNAM ONLINE: DIGITAL USAGE AND BEHAVIOR, 2015-2020	 ©2016 EMARKETER INC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED	11
YOUTUBE ECLIPSESTHE COMPETITION
Among those who have embraced online video,YouTube
has emerged as a favorite destination.The adoption
ofYouTube by video viewers in Vietnam makes sense
given the platform’s ad-supported model, which gives
consumers resistant to paying for videos access to
free content.
According to data from comScore Video Metrix, Google
sites (a category that mainly refers toYouTube) had the
most unique viewers of any online video property in
Vietnam in March 2016, with 15.4 million.
millions
Top 10 Online Video Properties Among Internet Users
in Vietnam, Ranked by Unique Viewers, March 2016
1. Google sites* 15.4
2. BroadbandTV 12.5
3. QuizGroup 10.0
4. BlueSeed Digital 7.2
5. Facebook 6.8
6. Maker Studios 6.1
7. Fullscreen 6.0
8. Coc Coc 5.9
9. Videology 5.8
10. Warner Music 4.8
Note: home and work locations; includes ad and content video streaming;
*mainly refers toYouTube
Source: comScore Video Metrix, May 19, 2016
211295 www.eMarketer.com
comScore’s data included a litany of online video content
studios that largely publish their work onYouTube, such as
BroadbandTV, Maker Studios and Fullscreen. But it also
included Facebook, which garnered 6.8 million views in
the month, as well as Vietnam-based web browser Coc
Coc (5.9 million).
Similarly, the November 2015 Nielsen data found that
YouTube was the most popular platform among VOD
viewers in Vietnam. In fact, 97% of respondents used
YouTube, while 81% used Facebook. Local platform
NhacCuaTui.com was also a favorite, used by 56% of
those polled.
% of respondents
Top 3 Video-on-Demand (VOD) Platforms According to
VOD Viewers in Vietnam, Nov 2015
1. YouTube 97%
2. Facebook 81%
3. NhacCuaTui.com 56%
Note: ages 16+
Source: Nielsen, "Cross-Platform Insights Report 2015" as cited in press
release, June 21, 2016
212515 www.eMarketer.com
Although it did not register on either Nielsen or
comScore’s list of top online video properties, Netflix has
been available in Vietnam since January 2016. However,
the subscription-based service suffers from a lack of
localized content and the absence of Vietnamese subtitles
for much of its nonlocal content.
VIETNAM ONLINE: DIGITAL USAGE AND BEHAVIOR, 2015-2020	 ©2016 EMARKETER INC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED	12
EMARKETER INTERVIEWS
Marketing in Asia-Pacific: Millennials inVietnam Are
Social, Skeptical and Seeking Role Models
Richard Burrage
Managing Partner
Cimigo
Interview conducted on April 20, 2016
RELATED EMARKETER CONTENT
Digital Usage in Southeast Asia:Vietnam
Global Millennials 2016: Gauging the Digital Behavior
ofYoung Adults Around theWorld
Mobile Commerce inVietnam: An Early Picture
Retail Ecommerce Sales in Southeast Asia:
Opportunities and Challenges for Six Key Markets
Social Network Users:Vietnam
RELATED LINKS
comScore Inc.
Criteo
DI Marketing
GfK
Kantar MediaVietnam (KMV)
Nielsen
Q&Me
SimilarWeb
Vietnam Ecommerce Association (VECOM)
Vietnam Ecommerce and InformationTechnology
Agency (VECITA)
W&S Group
We Are Social
EDITORIAL AND
PRODUCTION CONTRIBUTORS
Cliff Annicelli	 Managing Editor, Reports
Michael Balletti	 Copy Editor
Joanne DiCamillo	 Senior Production Artist
Dana Hill	 Director of Production
Eden Kelley	 Chart Editor
Stephanie Meyer	 Senior Production Artist
Kris Oser	 Deputy Editorial Director
Heather Price	 Senior Copy Editor
John Rambow	 Executive Editor, Reports
Allie Smith	 Director of Charts
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eMarketer- Vietnam Online Digital Usage and Behavior (2015-2020)

  • 1. VIETNAM ONLINE Digital Usage and Behavior, 2015-2020 NOVEMBER 2016 Rahul Chadha Contributor: Dustin Sodano Read this on eMarketer for iPad
  • 2. VIETNAM ONLINE: DIGITAL USAGE AND BEHAVIOR, 2015-2020 ©2016 EMARKETER INC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2 VIETNAM ONLINE: DIGITAL USAGE AND BEHAVIOR, 2015-2020 Vietnam’s young population and low service costs help give the country a higher internet penetration rate than most of its neighbors in Southeast Asia. Usage of smartphones and related activities, including use of social media and messaging apps, are also fairly high. ■■ In 2016, more than half of the country will access the internet at least once a month—a higher rate than in India, Indonesia andThailand. ■■ According to Nielsen, internet users in Vietnam spend nearly 25 hours per week online.This is high compared with elsewhere in Southeast Asia. ■■ One poll found that mobile phones are the most common device used to access the web in Vietnam, employed by 85% of internet users ages 15 to 49. Nearly three-quarters (73%) used laptops. ■■ More than one-third of Vietnam’s population are social network users. By 2020, that figure will approach half (46.7 million). Smartphones, used by 38.3% of adults at least monthly, are a main reason behind social networking’s growth. ■■ Messaging apps are even more popular. One survey found that 74% of smartphone users used a messaging service more than once per week, while only 60% had used social media apps. ■■ Retail ecommerce sales, excluding travel, will total $1.71 billion in 2016, accounting for just 1.1% of total retail sales in Vietnam. By 2020, that figure will expand to only 1.5%. ■■ Purchasing online video is not yet very common. One poll found that only 13% of internet users in Vietnam had paid for an online video provider. By comparison, 78% had paid for cableTV and 40% had paid for satelliteTV. ■■ Online video viewers have one destination that stands out from the rest:YouTube. WHAT’S IN THIS REPORT?This report looks at some of the most crucial aspects of Vietnam’s digital usage and behavior, including internet penetration, smartphones and social networks, messaging apps, ecommerce and video. % of respondents Average Daily Time Spent Online Among Internet Users in Vietnam, 2015 <3 hours 7% 3-5 hours 26% 5-7 hours 32% 7-9 hours 15% 9+ hours 20% Note: n=967 ages 15-49 Source: Vietnam Ecommerce and Information Technology Agency (VECITA), "2015 Vietnam Ecommerce Report," April 15, 2016 210076 www.eMarketer.com KEY STAT: Internet users in Vietnam tend to spend a great deal of time online. In 2015, 58% of users spent an average of 3 to 7 hours daily online, while 20% spent 9 or more hours on the web. CONTENTS 2 Vietnam Online: Digital Usage and Behavior, 2015-2020 3 Vietnam’s Internet Penetration Is Driven by Mobile Phones 4 Smartphone Users Gravitate to Social Networks 6 Messaging Apps Appeal to the Price Conscious 7 Local and Regional Players Rule Ecommerce 10 Paying Customers Still Prefer Cable and Satellite over Video-on-Demand 12 eMarketer Interviews 12 Related eMarketer Content 12 Related Links 12 Editorial and Production Contributors
  • 3. VIETNAM ONLINE: DIGITAL USAGE AND BEHAVIOR, 2015-2020 ©2016 EMARKETER INC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 3 VIETNAM’S INTERNET PENETRATION IS DRIVEN BY MOBILE PHONES Vietnam has one of the higher internet penetration rates in Southeast Asia thanks to a young population and low access costs. eMarketer estimates that this year, for the first time, more than half of the country’s population (50.6%) will access the internet at least once a month.That puts its penetration rate above India, Indonesia andThailand.The number of internet users in the country is expected to grow from 48.2 million in 2016 to 61.7 million in 2020, when the penetration rate will reach 62.5%. Vietnam’s internet growth is complicated by the active role the government plays in regulation. While the economic reforms begun by the government in 1986— known collectively as Doi Moi—have liberalized the country’s economy, the government still monitors online content and suppresses anything deemed subversive. While the level of control over the internet in Vietnam does not approach that seen in China, the country’s two largest internet service providers, Viettel and Vietnam Post andTelecommunications (VNPT), are state-run entities. However, these controls have not tempered residents’ interest in accessing the internet. According to November 2015 data from Nielsen, internet users in Vietnam spent an average of 24.7 hours per week online, tying them with internet users in the Philippines, and trailing only internet users in Singapore, a country with a much more robust internet infrastructure. hours Weekly Time Spent Online According to Internet Users in Select Countries in Asia-Pacific, Nov 2015 Singapore 25.9 Philippines 24.7 Vietnam 24.7 Hong Kong 24.4 Malaysia 24.2 India 24.1 Taiwan 23.0 Indonesia 20.3 Thailand 19.5 Note: n=1,000 ages 16+ in each country Source: Nielsen, "Cross-Platform Insights Report 2015" as cited in press release, June 21, 2016 212518 www.eMarketer.com The amount of time internet users spend online daily was also substantial. According to the Vietnam Ecommerce and InformationTechnology Agency (VECITA), only 7% of internet users in Vietnam spent an average of 3 hours or less online each day in 2015, while 58% spent between 3 and 7 hours. % of respondents Average Daily Time Spent Online Among Internet Users in Vietnam, 2015 <3 hours 7% 3-5 hours 26% 5-7 hours 32% 7-9 hours 15% 9+ hours 20% Note: n=967 ages 15-49 Source: Vietnam Ecommerce and Information Technology Agency (VECITA), "2015 Vietnam Ecommerce Report," April 15, 2016 210076 www.eMarketer.com For consumers in Vietnam, the route to the internet will increasingly run through mobile devices. VECITA also reported that in 2015 mobile phones surpassed laptops as the device most commonly used to access the internet: 85% of internet users ages 15 to 49 said they relied on mobile phones to get online, while 73% of respondents used a laptop.
  • 4. VIETNAM ONLINE: DIGITAL USAGE AND BEHAVIOR, 2015-2020 ©2016 EMARKETER INC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 4 % of respondents Devices Used to Access the Internet Among Internet Users in Vietnam, 2014 & 2015 Laptop 75% 73% Mobile phone 65% 85% Desktop 33% 38% Tablet 19% 19% 2014 2015 Note: n=967 ages 15-49 Source: Vietnam Ecommerce and Information Technology Agency (VECITA), "2015 Vietnam Ecommerce Report," April 15, 2016 210077 www.eMarketer.com Internet access via mobile phones will continue to grow in part due to the continued adoption of smartphones in Vietnam. eMarketer estimates that the number of smartphone users in the country will increase from 36.5 million, or 38.3% of the population, this year to 58.4 million users in 2020, when they will account for 59.2% of residents. Mobile Phone* and Smartphone** Users in Vietnam, 2015-2020 Mobile phone users* (millions) —% of population —% change Smartphone users** (millions) —% of population —% of mobile phone users —% change 2015 57.1 60.5% 4.4% 27.2 28.8% 47.6% 40.4% 2016 59.2 62.1% 3.7% 36.5 38.3% 61.7% 34.4% 2017 61.0 63.5% 3.1% 43.7 45.5% 71.6% 19.8% 2018 62.9 64.8% 3.1% 49.5 51.0% 78.7% 13.3% 2019 64.5 65.9% 2.6% 54.5 55.6% 84.4% 10.1% 2020 65.9 66.8% 2.2% 58.4 59.2% 88.6% 7.3% Note: *individuals of any age who own at least one mobile phone and use the phone(s) at least once per month; **individuals of any age who own at least one smartphone and use the smartphone(s) at least once per month Source: eMarketer, Sep 2016 215558 www.eMarketer.com A May 2016 survey of smartphone users in Asia-Pacific from research firm GfK found that 81% of respondents in Vietnam used their devices to access the internet daily. That figure was higher than the one reported for Japan, India and Australia, underscoring just how fundamental smartphones have become to gaining internet access in Vietnam. SMARTPHONE USERS GRAVITATE TO SOCIAL NETWORKS Internet users, particularly those on advanced handsets, have been quick to join social networks. eMarketer estimates that 35.8 million people in Vietnam will be social network users in 2016, or 37.6% of the population. By 2020, those figures will climb to 46.7 million people and a penetration rate of 47.3%. Social Network Users and Penetration in Vietnam, 2015-2020 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Social network users (millions) 32.3 35.8 39.1 42.1 45.1 46.7 —% change 13.8% 10.9% 9.2% 7.8% 6.9% 3.6% —% of internet users 72.7% 74.2% 75.1% 75.5% 75.6% 75.7% —% of population 34.2% 37.6% 40.7% 43.4% 46.0% 47.3% Note: internet users who use a social network via any device at least once per month Source: eMarketer, Nov 2016 218574 www.eMarketer.com Kantar Media Vietnam (KMV) found that 80% of internet users ages 15 to 54 in urban areas in Vietnam polled in 2015 used social networks, making it the most popular internet activity in the survey, tied with visiting news websites. % of respondents Leading Internet Activities Among Internet Users in Vietnam*, 2015 Access news websites 80% Social network use 80% Instant messaging 72% Listen to music online 69% Online newspaper 68% Find information 62% View video clip 47% Send/receive emails 39% Watch TV shows 34% Academic/research 33% Note: n=5,775 ages 15-54; *urban areas Source: Kantar Media Vietnam (KMV), "Vietnam Media Habit Survey," May 5, 2016 210817 www.eMarketer.com
  • 5. VIETNAM ONLINE: DIGITAL USAGE AND BEHAVIOR, 2015-2020 ©2016 EMARKETER INC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 5 Smartphones will play a key role in facilitating access to social networks among internet users. Research from W&S Group found that social media app use was already deeply entrenched in the behavior of smartphone users in Vietnam, a mobile-first market. According to a poll of smartphone app users in Vietnam conducted by W&S Group in March 2016, 84.1% of respondents opened a social networking app daily. % of respondents Frequency with Which Smartphone Social Media App Users in Indonesia, Thailand and Vietnam Use Smartphone Social Media Apps, March 2016 Indonesia Thailand Vietnam Daily 80.9% 86.9% 84.1% 5-6 times per week 10.7% 7.7% 8.5% 3-4 times per week 3.9% 3.0% 3.0% 1-2 times per week 2.2% 1.5% 3.6% Less than once per week 2.4% 0.9% 0.8% Note: Indonesia n=460; Thailand n=465; Vietnam n=504; ages 17+; respondents referred to their most used social media apps in the past 30 days; numbers may not add up to 100% due to rounding Source: W&S Group, "Tracking Study on Smartphone Applications," May 11, 2016 210840 www.eMarketer.com In addition, W&S Group reported that 84.0% of smartphone users in Vietnam had opened a social networking app sometime in the 30 days preceding its March 2016 poll.That put social networking apps ahead of other app categories in the poll, including games, music, and photo and video apps. Facebook has already established a strong presence in Vietnam, with an estimated 91.5% of all social network users in the country accessing the platform in 2016. eMarketer projects the number of Facebook users in Vietnam will increase from 32.7 million this year (34.4% of the population) to 43.5 million (44.1%) in 2020. Facebook Users and Penetration in Vietnam, 2015-2020 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Facebook users (millions) 29.4 32.7 36.0 39.0 41.9 43.5 —% change 14.5% 11.5% 9.8% 8.4% 7.5% 3.8% —% of social network users 91.0% 91.5% 92.0% 92.5% 93.0% 93.2% —% of internet users 66.2% 67.9% 69.1% 69.8% 70.3% 70.5% —% of population 31.1% 34.4% 37.4% 40.2% 42.8% 44.1% Note: internet users who access their Facebook account via any device at least once per month Source: eMarketer, Nov 2016 218786 www.eMarketer.com Facebook’s dominance over competing social networks in Vietnam also extends to smartphones. According to We Are Social, Facebook’s social media app had a penetration rate of 29% among the overall population as of Q4 2015, putting it ahead of local chat app Zalo, Google+, Line, Twitter and Instagram, among other social media and messaging platforms. % of population Social Media/Messaging App User Penetration in Vietnam, by Platform, Q4 2015 Facebook 29% Zalo 25% Facebook Messenger 25% Google+ 20% Skype 15% Viber 11% Line 10% Twitter 9% Instagram 9% WhatsApp 6% Source: We Are Social, "Digital in 2016," Jan 27, 2016 204245 www.eMarketer.com While Facebook has experienced success in capturing market share, its gains also face a potential threat. Vietnam’s government has shown a willingness to block the platform at moments of political unrest, as when protesters gathered for rallies in May 2016 following mass fish deaths attributed to pollution released into waters from a plastics manufacturing company. While Facebook once faced competition from local upstart Zing Me, the latter was unable to keep pace with the innovations offered by Mark Zuckerberg’s company, and was eventually abandoned by users. Now Facebook is the clear leader in Vietnam, with a penetration rate that will be hard for competitors to reach or even approach.
  • 6. VIETNAM ONLINE: DIGITAL USAGE AND BEHAVIOR, 2015-2020 ©2016 EMARKETER INC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 6 MESSAGING APPS APPEAL TO THE PRICE CONSCIOUS InVietnam, messaging apps are broadly adopted by smartphone users for a simple reason—they provide users with over-the-top (OTT) services that allow customers to avoid sometimes costly texting services provided by mobile network operators. The GfK survey found that 74% of smartphone users in Vietnam used a messaging service more than once per week, a higher figure than those who used either social media (60%) or shopping apps (31%). % of respondents Smartphone Users in Asia-Pacific Who Use Smartphone Messaging, Social Media and Shopping Apps Regularly*, by Country, May 2016 Messaging Social media Shopping Australia 70% 63% 21% China 79% 70% 48% India 82% 81% 54% Indonesia 83% 86% 35% Japan 39% 47% 15% Singapore 82% 76% 37% Thailand 55% 82% 32% Vietnam 74% 60% 31% Note: n=8,099 ages 18+; *more than once per week Source: GfK, "The Connected Consumer: Insights into Digital Consumer Behavior in APAC," June 22, 2016 213791 www.eMarketer.com Messaging app users in Vietnam have embraced local platform Zalo in a market that is now crowded with international competitors. According to DI Marketing, 80% of smartphone users polled in June 2016 had Zalo installed on their devices, more than the 73% who had installed Facebook Messenger. Global messaging giants WeChat and WhatsApp barely registered among smartphone users in Vietnam, with install rates of 5% and 4%, respectively. % of respondents in each group Messaging Apps that Smartphone Users in Vietnam Have Installed on Their Smartphone, by Age, June 2016 18-25 26-30 30-35 35+ Total Zalo 80% 83% 81% 71% 80% Facebook Messenger 78% 72% 75% 55% 73% Viber 33% 43% 51% 51% 40% Skype 37% 40% 41% 23% 37% Line 21% 18% 15% 11% 18% Yahoo 9% 11% 16% 13% 11% Tango 7% 10% 11% 13% 9% WeChat 4% 7% 8% 2% 5% WhatsApp 4% 4% 5% 3% 4% KakaoTalk 3% 3% 4% 1% 3% BeeTalk 3% 1% 3% 1% 2% Snapchat 2% 1% 3% 2% 2% Other 1% 3% 1% 1% 2% Note: n=1,200 Source: DI Marketing, "Chat Apps Usage in Vietnam," June 10, 2016 212098 www.eMarketer.com Zalo’s parent company, VNG, reported in April 2016 that its messaging app had 50 million registered users. Despite its near ubiquity among smartphone users in Vietnam, Zalo still faces a formidable opponent in Facebook Messenger, which had nearly the same install rate as Zalo among those ages 18 to 25, according to DI Marketing. In addition, We Are Social data cited earlier found that Zalo and Facebook Messenger had the same install rate, 25%, among smartphone users in Vietnam as of Q4 2015. Zalo has benefitted from a lack of strong competition from regional messaging platforms like Line and Kakao Talk.This is partly due to resistance among consumers to digital payment systems. In underbanked Vietnam, consumers still rely on cash to pay for most goods and services. While Facebook generates its revenues largely through advertising, platforms like Line and KakaoTalk are heavily reliant on in-app purchases made using digital payment systems, which are not yet widely adopted in Vietnam. The use of messaging apps in Vietnam is not a zero-sum game, with a majority of end-users installing a number of apps that provide essentially the same service. According to DI Marketing, 89% of messaging app users in Vietnam used more than one messaging app.
  • 7. VIETNAM ONLINE: DIGITAL USAGE AND BEHAVIOR, 2015-2020 ©2016 EMARKETER INC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 7 % of respondents Number of Messaging Apps Used by Smartphone Messaging App Users in Vietnam, by Age, June 2016 18-25 10% 15% 30% 34% 11% 26-30 7% 33% 25% 18% 16% 30-35 12% 30% 21% 24% 14% 35+ 24% 35% 26% 9% 6% Total 12% 33% 27% 17% 12% 1 2 3 4 5+ Note: n=1,200; via smartphone; numbers may not add up to 100% due to rounding Source: DI Marketing, "Chat Apps Usage in Vietnam," June 10, 2016 212097 www.eMarketer.com The market for messaging apps was most fragmented at the younger end, with 45% of respondents ages 18 to 25 using four or more messaging apps. In fact, the research showed that those under 35 were using only one app in significantly smaller numbers than those who were 35 or older. LOCAL AND REGIONAL PLAYERS RULE ECOMMERCE Ecommerce has yet to take off inVietnam. eMarketer anticipates retail ecommerce sales, excluding travel, will total $1.71 billion in 2016, accounting for only 1.1% of the $161.16 billion in total retail sales. Retail ecommerce sales in Vietnam will total $3.26 billion by 2020, constituting 1.5% of all retail sales, eMarketer estimates. billions, % change and % of total retail sales Total Retail and Retail Ecommerce* Sales in Vietnam, 2015-2020 Total retail sales —% change Retail ecommerce* sales —% change —% of total retail sales 2015 $147.99 9.9% $1.37 43.5% 0.9% 2016 $161.16 8.9% $1.71 24.3% 1.1% 2017 $174.37 8.2% $2.08 22.0% 1.2% 2018 $187.45 7.5% $2.47 18.5% 1.3% 2019 $200.57 7.0% $2.88 16.8% 1.4% 2020 $213.61 6.5% $3.26 13.2% 1.5% Note: converted at the exchange rate of US$1=VND21,913.7; excludes travel and event tickets; *includes products or services ordered using the internet via any device, regardless of the method of payment or fulfillment Source: eMarketer, Aug 2016 213220 www.eMarketer.com VECITA reported that ecommerce revenue in 2015 had totaled $4.07 billion, an increase of 37% from the previous year. The country’s ecommerce landscape is dominated by local and regional players. Lazada Vietnam, which is majority-owned by China’s Alibaba Group and carries its own inventory and serves as a marketplace, ranks among the top players in the country. According to SimilarWeb, Lazada Vietnam recorded the highest number of monthly page views in Vietnam in August 2016 at 24.5 million.That put it ahead of consumer electronics retailerThe Gioi Di Dong, business-to-consumer (B2C) platformTiki.vn, online retailer Sendo.vn and several others.
  • 8. VIETNAM ONLINE: DIGITAL USAGE AND BEHAVIOR, 2015-2020 ©2016 EMARKETER INC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 8 millions Leading B2C Ecommerce Sites in Vietnam, Ranked by Monthly Page Views, Aug 2016 Lazada Vietnam 24.5 The Gioi Di Dong 17.1 Tiki.vn 11.7 Sendo.vn 10.7 Vatgia.com 10.4 Fptshop 7.7 Hotdeal3.2 Nguyenkim.com3.2 Lozi 2.4 Phongvu1.5 Note: represents activity tracked by SimilarWeb, broader industry metrics may vary Source: SimilarWeb as cited by ecommerceIQ, Sep 27, 2016 217789 www.eMarketer.com According to data from DI Marketing, advanced handsets have still not yet displaced desktops and laptops. Its August 2016 survey of digital buyers in Vietnam found that 75% of respondents used a PC to make a purchase, while 51% used a smartphone and 21% used a tablet. % of respondents Devices Used for Digital Purchases by Digital Buyers in Vietnam, Aug 2016 Desktop/laptop 75% Smartphone 51% Tablet 21% Note: n=565 Source: DI Marketing, "Study About Online Shopping Behavior in Vietnam," Sep 12, 2016 216713 www.eMarketer.com However, there are signs that advanced handsets are making inroads among digital buyers in Vietnam.Tran Hai Linh, CEO of Sendo.vn, said in June 2016 that 75% of its customers accessed the site by smartphone. The growth of mcommerce in Vietnam is also in line with wider regional trends. Online marketing services provider Criteo found that mobile transactions made up 54% of all digital ecommerce transactions in Southeast Asia in Q2 2016, an increase from 39% in Q4 2015. VECITA found that 64% of digital buyers in Vietnam had purchased soft goods and cosmetics digitally in 2015, making them the most popular product category for ecommerce. Consumer electronics ranked second (56%), followed by kitchen and other home appliances (49%). % of respondents Product/Service Categories Purchased Digitally by Digital Buyers in Vietnam, 2015 Clothing, shoes, cosmetics 64% Tech/electronics 56% Kitchen and home appliances 49% Books, stationery, gifts, flowers 42% Travel (airfare, train ticket) 34% Food 33% Movie or concert tickets 22% Hotel bookings, tours 19% Education/business services 7% Music/videos/DVDs/games 7% Spa and beauty services 6% Other 2% Note: ages 15-49 Source: Vietnam Ecommerce and Information Technology Agency (VECITA), "2015 Vietnam Ecommerce Report," April 15, 2016 210032 www.eMarketer.com DIGITAL BUYERSATTACHEDTO CASH ON DELIVERY In Vietnam, cash on delivery (COD) remains a favored payment method among consumers, especially in urban areas. According to a July 2016 survey of digital buyers living in urban Vietnam conducted by Q&Me, 85% of respondents used COD as their main payment method for digital purchases. Bank transfers were the primary payment method for 8% of those polled, while only 6% said they relied on debit or credit cards, a reflection of the low penetration rate of payment cards in the country.
  • 9. VIETNAM ONLINE: DIGITAL USAGE AND BEHAVIOR, 2015-2020 ©2016 EMARKETER INC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 9 % of respondents Primary Payment Method Used for Digital Purchases According to Digital Buyers in Urban Vietnam*, July 2016 Cash on delivery 85% Bank transfer 8% Credit card/ debit card 6% Note: numbers may not add up to 100% due to rounding; *Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City Source: Q&Me, "Vietnam Ecommerce Market Survey," July 19, 2016 214693 www.eMarketer.com Similarly, VECITA reported that 91% of digital buyers in Vietnam had used COD to complete an ecommerce transaction in 2015, an increase from 64% in 2014. Digital buyers’ use of ewallets actually declined from 37% to 11% over the same time period, while bank transfers were used by 48% of buyers in 2015, up from 14% the year before. % of respondents Payment Methods Used for Ecommerce Transactions According to Digital Buyers in Vietnam, 2014 & 2015 Cash on delivery 64% 91% Ewallet 37% 11% Bank transfer 14% 48% Scratch cards 11% 6% Payment card (credit, debit, gift, etc.) 7% 20% Other 1% 1% 2014 2015 Note: ages 15-49 Source: Vietnam Ecommerce and Information Technology Agency (VECITA), "2015 Vietnam Ecommerce Report," April 15, 2016 210079 www.eMarketer.com Vietnam is similar to India in its adherence to COD as a preferred payment method. As in India, consumers have little incentive to switch over to other payment methods, with many services accepting cash as a matter of course. “Even if I want to pay my electricity bill, someone comes around and collects cash,” said Richard Burrage, managing partner at Vietnam-based market research firm Cimigo. Furthermore, COD also makes it easier to refuse an order once it arrives. “If I do some shopping online, I’ll pay them in cash. All of the fears of online shopping are dispersed; if I don’t like it, I can turn it away,” said Burrage. The ability of consumers to inspect goods purchased online before paying has alleviated some of the trust issues related to the nascent ecommerce market in Vietnam, but it has also provided an incentive for vendors and third-party logistics providers to keep the cost of COD free or low. And when costs related to COD purchases are incurred, they are usually shouldered by the merchant. In addition, merchants and consumers prefer cash payments because it’s easier for such transactions to remain off the books, thus avoiding taxes. Bank cards are rarely used to buy goods or services thanks to the combination of an underbanked populace and a dearth of point-of-sale (POS) terminals for offline purchases.The government in Vietnam has moved in recent years to encourage consumers to move toward payment methods other than cash by establishing new regulations for digital payments. Still, much work remains to be done if vendors are going to start accepting more payment methods. According to a November 2015 survey of businesses in Vietnam by the Vietnam Ecommerce Association (VECOM), nearly all (97%) respondents accepted bank transfers, while only 16% accepted payment cards, a category that included credit and debit cards. Only 4% accepted digital wallets. % of respondents Noncash Payment Methods Accepted by Businesses in Vietnam, Nov 2015 Bank transfer 97% Payment card*16% Digital wallet4% Scratch card**2% Note: n=4,735; *includes all types of payment cards (credit, debit, gift, etc.); **type of preloaded payment card Source: Vietnam Ecommerce Association (VECOM), "Viet Nam E-Business Index 2015," Feb 1, 2016 205474 www.eMarketer.com
  • 10. VIETNAM ONLINE: DIGITAL USAGE AND BEHAVIOR, 2015-2020 ©2016 EMARKETER INC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 10 The digital wallet sector in Vietnam remains fractured. Online newspaper VietnamNet reported in August 2016 that there were 16 digital wallets in operation in the country as of May 2016, but many of them had been developed by ecommerce platforms and worked solely on those websites. In order for digital payment methods like mobile wallets to catch on in Vietnam, they will have to provide a greater range of service options for consumers. PAYING CUSTOMERS STILL PREFER CABLE AND SATELLITE OVER VIDEO-ON-DEMAND Despite the emergence of various video-on-demand (VOD) platforms inVietnam, paying for online video services has not yet become a widespread behavior among consumers there. A September 2015 poll of internet users in the country conducted by Nielsen found that only 13% of respondents paid for an online video service provider. CableTV remained the dominant mode of payTV, used by 78%, while 40% paid for satelliteTV. % of respondents Internet Users in Vietnam Who Currently Pay for Select TV/Video Services, Sep 2015 Cable provider 78% Satellite provider 40% Online service provider13% Other7% None of these4% Source: Nielsen, "Global Video-on-Demand Survey" as cited in press release, March 18, 2016 210113 www.eMarketer.com Despite the uphill battle online video services face from traditionalTV platforms, digitally savvy consumers are turning to online resources in search of more and different programming, as well as the freedom offered by on-demand services, according to data from Nielsen’s November 2015 study. “Consumers are exercising their choice of how, when and where they can obtain their content and are more active in their media habits than ever before,” said Doan Duy Khoa, director of consumer insights for Nielsen Vietnam.
  • 11. VIETNAM ONLINE: DIGITAL USAGE AND BEHAVIOR, 2015-2020 ©2016 EMARKETER INC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 11 YOUTUBE ECLIPSESTHE COMPETITION Among those who have embraced online video,YouTube has emerged as a favorite destination.The adoption ofYouTube by video viewers in Vietnam makes sense given the platform’s ad-supported model, which gives consumers resistant to paying for videos access to free content. According to data from comScore Video Metrix, Google sites (a category that mainly refers toYouTube) had the most unique viewers of any online video property in Vietnam in March 2016, with 15.4 million. millions Top 10 Online Video Properties Among Internet Users in Vietnam, Ranked by Unique Viewers, March 2016 1. Google sites* 15.4 2. BroadbandTV 12.5 3. QuizGroup 10.0 4. BlueSeed Digital 7.2 5. Facebook 6.8 6. Maker Studios 6.1 7. Fullscreen 6.0 8. Coc Coc 5.9 9. Videology 5.8 10. Warner Music 4.8 Note: home and work locations; includes ad and content video streaming; *mainly refers toYouTube Source: comScore Video Metrix, May 19, 2016 211295 www.eMarketer.com comScore’s data included a litany of online video content studios that largely publish their work onYouTube, such as BroadbandTV, Maker Studios and Fullscreen. But it also included Facebook, which garnered 6.8 million views in the month, as well as Vietnam-based web browser Coc Coc (5.9 million). Similarly, the November 2015 Nielsen data found that YouTube was the most popular platform among VOD viewers in Vietnam. In fact, 97% of respondents used YouTube, while 81% used Facebook. Local platform NhacCuaTui.com was also a favorite, used by 56% of those polled. % of respondents Top 3 Video-on-Demand (VOD) Platforms According to VOD Viewers in Vietnam, Nov 2015 1. YouTube 97% 2. Facebook 81% 3. NhacCuaTui.com 56% Note: ages 16+ Source: Nielsen, "Cross-Platform Insights Report 2015" as cited in press release, June 21, 2016 212515 www.eMarketer.com Although it did not register on either Nielsen or comScore’s list of top online video properties, Netflix has been available in Vietnam since January 2016. However, the subscription-based service suffers from a lack of localized content and the absence of Vietnamese subtitles for much of its nonlocal content.
  • 12. VIETNAM ONLINE: DIGITAL USAGE AND BEHAVIOR, 2015-2020 ©2016 EMARKETER INC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 12 EMARKETER INTERVIEWS Marketing in Asia-Pacific: Millennials inVietnam Are Social, Skeptical and Seeking Role Models Richard Burrage Managing Partner Cimigo Interview conducted on April 20, 2016 RELATED EMARKETER CONTENT Digital Usage in Southeast Asia:Vietnam Global Millennials 2016: Gauging the Digital Behavior ofYoung Adults Around theWorld Mobile Commerce inVietnam: An Early Picture Retail Ecommerce Sales in Southeast Asia: Opportunities and Challenges for Six Key Markets Social Network Users:Vietnam RELATED LINKS comScore Inc. Criteo DI Marketing GfK Kantar MediaVietnam (KMV) Nielsen Q&Me SimilarWeb Vietnam Ecommerce Association (VECOM) Vietnam Ecommerce and InformationTechnology Agency (VECITA) W&S Group We Are Social EDITORIAL AND PRODUCTION CONTRIBUTORS Cliff Annicelli Managing Editor, Reports Michael Balletti Copy Editor Joanne DiCamillo Senior Production Artist Dana Hill Director of Production Eden Kelley Chart Editor Stephanie Meyer Senior Production Artist Kris Oser Deputy Editorial Director Heather Price Senior Copy Editor John Rambow Executive Editor, Reports Allie Smith Director of Charts
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