This presentation is on topic of Types of Articles, Care of Articles and introduction to ward inventory and indent. Nursing Foundation is the core subject of First Year B.Sc. Nursing and this topic is important for the theory and the practical. This presentation briefs the detailed care of article used in hospital.

2. General Objective
At the end of the class, the students will be acknowledged to Types
of Articles and Care of Articles.
Specific Objectives
At the end of teaching students will be able to,
•Uphold their behavior in maintenance of articles.
•Enumerate the principles of cleanliness.
•Explain the purpose for caring articles.
•Enlist the types of articles.
•Discuss the care of enamel ware.
•Demonstrate the care of rubber goods.
•Explain the care of stainless steel & sharp articles.
•Participate in care of glass ware.
•Perform the care of linen
•Outline the indent maintenance.
•Explain ward inventory

4. Principles of Cleaning
•Dust clings to the moist surface.
•Dusting is done after sweeping and not before.
•Soap and water are used for cleaning
•Friction aids in mechanical cleaning.
•Abrasive is harmful to the painted and polished surface.
•Albuminous materials are coagulated by heat. So it should be
removed by cold water.
•Bacteria grows in dark and unclean places. Exposure to sunlight
destroy bacteria.
•Proper disinfecting and sterilization techniques are to be used.
•Choosing the correct and simplest method of cleaning, saves time,
material & energy.
•Articles are stored in convenient place and keep unit neat and
tidy.

5. Purpose of Cleaning
•To avoid the spread of infection.
•To prevent pathogenic organisms from gaining entrance to
surgical wound.
•To remove all dust and dirt, bad odours and to make the
hospital environment clean.
•To maintain aesthetic sense.
•To attain a high standard of nursing and to get first class
healing of wounds.
•To prolong the life of articles.
•It trains nurse in habits of thoroughness, planning her work,
quickness, and doing work in purposeful way.

6. Types of Articles
Basis on use :
•Disposable Articles
•Reusable Articles
Basis on Characteristics & Material:
•Enamel Ware.
•Rubber Goods
•Stainless Steel Articles.
•Plastic and Glass Ware.
•Linen.

8. Care of Bedpans
Before emptying the bedpan, inspect the contents.
If there are cotton sponges they are removed using forceps.
Empty the bedpan into a lavatory pan, care being taken to
avoid soiling the sides of basin. Rinse the bedpan with cold
water under force. Wash with soap and warm water using
brush.
To disinfect the bedpans soak them in Lysol 1:40 for 1 hour.
Bedpans may be placed in direct sunlight for few hours to
deodorize and disinfect. Keep them dry for the next use in
bedpan rack.
Care of Urinals
Urinals are used only for urine.
Cleaning and disinfection are done in the same way as for bedpans.
Urinals should not be left standing, because a deposit will form on
the inside, which is almost impossible to remove.

9. Care of Trays and Kidney Tray
Cleaning and disinfection are done in the same way as for bedpans.
Care of Sputum Cups
Non-infectious sputum may be emptied into the lavatory pan, care
being taken not to soil the sides of the pan. Infectious sputum should be
rendered harmlessly by boiling or disinfection by chemicals or disposed
by burning.
Cleaning and disinfection are done in the same way as for
bedpans. Before the sputum cups are given to the client add a
small amount of antiseptic lotion, to prevent the sputum sticking to
the sides.

10. The nurse should make all efforts to prolong the life of rubber goods. Purchased only after
their nature and durability have been investigated. Natural and synthetic rubber
deteriorates with age, exposure to heat, light, moisture and by chemicals.
They should not be creased or folded. Never use any pins to fix rubber goods. Boiling water
ruins rubber. Should not be dried by heat or stove or radiator. They should be free from
grease and acids. Any fluid split on them should be wiped off at once. Before subjecting
rubber goods to disinfection by chemical process, its reaction to the agent should be
determined. If autoclaving is used, short periods of exposure are recommended (10 to 15
min) with less pressure

11. Care of Mackintosh
Spread the mackintosh on a table or a flat surface and wet it with
cold water.
Rub the both surface with soap and water using a clean towel.
Wash both surfaces under running water.
If stains are present, care should be taken to remove.
For disinfection use Lysol or detol 1:40.
Hang them on a horizontal cylindrical pole in shade to dry.
When dry sprinkle powder.
Store them in flat or rolled. Two mackintosh surface should be
separated by paper.
Rolling

12. Care of Gloves
One should wash the gloves on their hands just before they are
removed to prevent adherence of blood and other organic materials.
After removing they are washed with soap and water first on the
outside, then invert and repeat on the inside. Check for holes and tears,
separate torn gloves. Hang them to dry, when outside is dried, turn
inside out to dry. When both sides are dried, they are powdered inside
and outside, packed in pairs of same size, right and left gloves in gloves
wrapper. Now a day’s gloves are dipped into 0.5% chlorine solution.
Autoclaving is the best method of sterilizing gloves.

13. Care of Rubber Tubes
After the use wash them under running water, holding the eye upwards
and allowing the water to run. A small quantity of organic matter may
be logged at the eye end. Remove them using swab.
Clean them with soap and warm water to remove the dirt and grease.
Wash them again under running water. Boil tubes for 5 min by outing
them in the boiling water. Dry them by hanging. When dried, powder
and store them in airtight containers lengthwise. Reboil or autoclave
them before use. Certain catheter which is easily destroyed by heat and
moisture are disinfected using formalin tablets.

14. Care of Air cushion, hot water bag, Ice Caps
Do not pour water into airbeds. It is sufficient to clean from outside
During cleaning it should not be filled with air, as it has tendency to
crack or weaken.
In case of hot water bottles, ice caps and ice collars, empty the content
immediately after the use. Wash and dry as in case of other rubber
goods. Hang the bags upside down to drain the water.
Ice bags are dried with piece of cloth.
Covers are sent in laundry for washing

15. Stainless steel utensils are suitable for almost every other
purpose, because they are easily cleaned, heat resistant and
unbreakable. When storing, this utensils are to be kept dry, lest
the water on them leaves a mark.

16. Care of SS Instruments
Instruments used
for procedure
Basin or Bucket
Rinse with cold
running water
Cleaning in 2%
Sodium
bicarbonate
Immerse in boiling
water
Autoclaving 160
degree for 1 hour
Sterile Storage

17. Care of Sharp Instruments
After the use it should be washed in running water.
In running water. Immerse in 0.5
Chlorine for 10-20 minutes.
Send for sterilization.
Care of Needles
Decontaminate all types of needles attached to
syringe and flush with 0.5% chloride solution.
Destroy the needle still attached to the syringe
with needle destructor and throw into
puncture proof container.

20. Test tubes, slides, thermometer etc are used in hospital.
Soap and water for cleaning them.
To remove organic matter immediate rinsing under running
water is essential.
Exposure of glass to sudden temperature causes break down.
Must be kept inverted in autoclaving.
The glass should be padded before autoclaving,

21. Linen is a fabric made from fibers. It includes clothes, sheets etc. in
hospital setting linens are used for many purpose such as covering
the bed, articles etc...
Care of linen is important as it is expensive item in running of a
hospital.

22. Linen used in hospital set-up:
Bed sheets, blanket, curtains, cloth covers, towels,
wrapper for tray and dressing set, patients clothes
(gowns, shirt), staff clothes (cap, mask, gown, OT
dress).
Types of Linen
Clean Contaminated Soiled

23. General Instruction to avoid spoiling and wastage of linen
•Follow hospital policy for maintenance of linen.
•Store the clean linen in cupboard and maintain stock register.
•Care should be taken to avoid linen being taken home by the
clients on discharge.
•Stock should be checked. Torn linen should not be used on the
bed but sent for mending.
•Soiled linen should not be placed on the floor.
•Regularly send the dirty linen to laundry for washing and ironing.
•Damp linen should be dried.
•Try to remove fresh stains by using appropriate stain remover.
•Draw mackintosh over bed sheets to protect from stains.
•The linen used for infectious patient should be disinfected first.
•Always use mackintosh over top linen.
•Teach the importance of keeping clean hospital linen to the
patients.

24. REMOVAL OF STAINS
Blood Stain
Soak in cold water/
H2O2/Starch
FRESH - Soak immediately in cold water.
When the stain disappear, wash them in
warm soapy water
OLD – Soak in hydrogen peroxide and
ammonia for hours and wash in cold water
and then with soap and warm water.
THICK – Apply a thick paste of starch and
water, and allow to stand in sun. When dry
brush of stain
Tea/Coffee
Pour milk and wash
Stains are removed by pouring milk
over it. Washing them in cold or hot
water and sodium carbonate will
remove the stain. If not completely
gone, lemon juice may be rubbed.

25. Aniline Dye/
Gention Violet
Wet the cloth and bleach them
in the sunlight. Chlorine water
bleaches the dyes. If chlorine
water is used, rinse the bleach
thoroughly with warm water
after the stain disappears.
Candle Wax
Scrape off the wax. Place a cloth
pad or blotting paper under and
over the stain and press it with
hot ironing box.

26. Medicine Stain
- Apply Spirit
Ink Stain
-Dip in cool water
-Sprinkle salt and lemon
-Dry in sun
Food Stain
- Apply salt and pour hot
water Rust
- Apply salt and lemon

27. Disinfection of contaminated linen
Always use laundry box/hamper trolley for collecting
contaminated linen.
It should not be put on floor.
Dip the linen in a bucket of 0.5% solution of chlorine for
10min. Rinse it in water and dry in sun. Send for autoclaving.
After disinfecting linen store them in appropriate cupboard.
For sterilization use glutaraldehyde 0.2% for 10 hours.

28. Nurses are expected to maintain adequate supply of
equipments, supplies and the medicines in order to give
quality service to patients.
The nurses should ensure and control the right supply, at the
right place and in the right quantity.

29. “An Indent is an official order or requisition for
medicine and supplies from the medical stores.”
•The nurse acquires the equipment and supplies
based on the need estimation, availability and the
budget. As the equipment is received it should be
inspected and stored as per the classification and
according to the rate of consumption.
•Always ensure that there is a buffer stock.
•Preventive maintenance has to be carried out
through service contacts.
•Proper cleaning and making repairs has to be done
and the equipment stored safely

30. An inventory is a detailed list of articles in the ward,
their specifications, standard number or quality.

31. When we are speaking of inventory means it meant
making a count of articles in hand.
Purpose of maintaining inventory
•It insures the availability of the items.
•Provides chance to determine the condition of
articles.
•Time to return the articles to their proper place.
•Inventory of some articles maintained daily, for other
it should be done weekly, monthly is adequate.

32. •Principles of cleanliness.
•Explain the purpose for caring articles.
•Enlist the types of articles.
•Discuss the care of enamel ware.
•Demonstrate the care of rubber goods.
•Explain the care of stainless steel & sharp articles.
•Participate in care of glass ware.
•Perform the care of linen
•Outline the indent maintenance.
•Explain ward inventory

34. Bibliography
Potter P A, Fundamentals of Nursing,
7th Edition, Elsevier, 2009.
Basavanthappa B T, Fundamentals of Nursing
2nd Edition, Jaypee Brothers, 2009.
Potter P A & Thresyamma Perry A G,
Fundamentals of Nursing 6th Edition, Mosby 2005.
Nancy Sr, Stephanies Principles and Practice of Nursing 6th Edition Vol 1 & 2,
NR Brothers, 2008.
Jogindra V, Nursing Foundation, 1st Edition Jaypee Brothers, 2015.
Nissanka Rebecca, Comprehensive textbook of Foundation of Nursing, Jaypee
Brothers.
Online Resources
https://www.cdc.gov/vhf/ebola/hcp/mixing-chlorine-solutions.html
https://books.google.co.in/books
http://www.who.int/gpsc/5may/Glove_Use_Information_Leaflet.pdf