Call Girls Dehradun Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
Hegemonic Masculinity and the Psychological Well-being of Young Sexual Minority Men
1. Hegemonic Masculinity and the Psychological
Well-being of Young Sexual Minority Men
Laura Jadwin-Čakmak, MPH
Steven Meanley, MPH
Emily Yeagley, MPH
Emily S. Pingel, MPH
Gary W. Harper, PhD, MPH
José A. Bauermeister, PhD, MPH
2. Presenter Disclosures
Laura Jadwin-Čakmak
(1)
The following personal financial relationships
with commercial interests relevant to this
presentation existed during the past 12 months:
No relationships to disclose
3. Agenda
Background and theoretical rationale
Sample description and procedures
Relationship between caregiver-based hegemonic
masculinity and young gay and bisexual men’s
psychological well-being
Implications for practice and future research
4. Objectives
Identify how parental imposition of hegemonic
masculinity impacts the psychological well-being of
young sexual minority men.
Consider how family-level interventions might use
these findings.
5. Background
Primary caregivers regularly ‘police’
boys’ gendered behavior
Hegemonic masculinity - a set of socially
accepted masculine behaviors and
beliefs designed to legitimate male power
Caregivers may respond to gender nonconformity
with disciplinary actions
Own discomfort with behavior
Fear societal stigma (child or self)
6. Background
Pressures of hegemonic masculinity negatively linked
to health and well-being of gay and bisexual youth and
young men
Limited research on relationship between parentbased hegemonic masculinity and mental health in
young adulthood
7. Theoretical Rationale
Minority stress theory
Messages designed to impose hegemonic masculinity
are forms of discrimination and societal stigma
May facilitate gay and bisexual men’s susceptibility to
psychological stress
8. Sample
Online cross-sectional observational study
N = 1,507
Eligibility criteria:
Self-identify as male
Have sex with men
Ages 18-24
Single
Resident of United States
Most (94%) identified as gay
9. Measures
Did your parent(s) or the person(s) who raised you
ever tell you to act less feminine?
What did they do to try to make you change?
Told me to change my behavior
Punished me or restricted my activities
Sent me to counseling
Sent me to talk to a priest/minister/religious figure
Other; please specify ___________________
10. Measures
Self-Esteem
Rosenberg, M. (1965). Society and the adolescent self-image.
Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Depression (CES-D)
Radloff, L. S. (1977). The CES-D Scale: A Self-Report Depression Scale
for Research in the General Population. Applied Psychological
Measurement, 1, 385-401.
Anxiety (BSI)
Derogatis, L. R., & Melisaratos, N. (1983). The Brief Symptom
Inventory: an introductory report. Psychological Medicine, 3, 595605.
Sociodemographics
11. Data Analysis
Two multivariant models
Model 1: Relationship between being told to act less
feminine and psychological well-being
Model 2: Dose-response relationship between
number of disciplinary actions experienced and
psychological well-being
12. Results
Did your parent(s) or the person(s) who raised you
ever tell you to act less feminine?
Yes
N = 564
37%
No
N = 943
63%
13. Number of Disciplinary Actions
Experienced
Results
2.6%
4 or more
What did they do to try to
make you change?
Told to Change
Behavior
Punished /
Restricted Actions
4.2%
3
9.6%
2
524
34.8%
20.6%
1
184
12.2%
0
Sent to Counseling
111
7.4%
0
Sent to Religious
Figure
80
5.3%
Abuse
38
2.5%
9
0.6%
Placed in Masculine
Activities
63.0%
200
400
600
800
1000
14. Self-Esteem
Being told to act less feminine associated with lower
self-esteem
Adjusted for age, education, race, and student status (full-time or part-time)
15. Self-Esteem
Dose response relationship between number of
disciplinary actions and self-esteem
Adjusted for age, education, race, and student status (full-time or part-time)
16. Depression
Being told to act less feminine associated with increased
depression symptoms
Adjusted for age, education, race, and student status (full-time or part-time)
17. Depression
Dose response relationship between number of
disciplinary actions and depression
Adjusted for age, education, race, and student status (full-time or part-time)
18. Anxiety
Being told to act less feminine associated with increased
anxiety symptoms
Adjusted for age, education, race, and student status (full-time or part-time)
19. Anxiety
Dose response relationship between number of
disciplinary actions and anxiety
Adjusted for age, education, race, and student status (full-time or part-time)
20. Implications
Practice
Family-based interventions
Family counseling
Redirect parents’ motivation to protect their sons
away from enforcing hegemonic masculinity and
toward enhancing their own sensitivity around issues
of gender and sexuality.
21. Strengths & Limitations
Strengths
Large national sample of young men
Dosage hypothesis
Carrying over from one developmental period to another
Limitations
Non-representative sample
Cross-sectional
Self-report / recall bias
Measurement of disciplinary actions
Gender vs. other policing
22. Thank You
Acknowledgements
National Institutes of Mental Health
Center for Sexuality & Health Disparities (SexLab)
Virtual Love Study Participants
Contact Information
Laura Jadwin-Čakmak
Communications Director
Center for Sexuality & Health Disparities (SexLab)
University of Michigan School of Public Health
ljadwin@umich.edu