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4 November 2015
Risks Associated with Warehouse Design
and Process Flow
Understanding the Impact of Design
24 November 2015
Warehousing in a Nutshell?
A Simple Definition
‘A warehouse is a
planned space for the
storage and handling
of goods and
material.’
• Warehouses act as a buffer against surges in demand and act as a constraint to releasing stock to market to prevent
collapses in demand.
• Enable buyer to gain from the economies of scale in terms of buying power.
• Alternatively, it allows for production of larger batch sizes which offsets setup costs, price fluctuations, and
unreliable demand.
• Allows for the consolidation of goods from multiple vendors to multiple consumers.
34 November 2015
Warehouse Location
Customer Focus
What are the objectives in site selection?
1. Customer service
2. Lower operating costs: the 4 primary areas of cost are:
• Inbound & Outbound transportation costs
• Inventory costs
• Facility costs
• Labour costs
3. To be superior to that of our competitors.
Start the selection process by realizing that a facility's location performs one main function:
→ Getting a company close to its customers ←
44 November 2015
Warehouse Location
Factors to Consider:
The correct positioning of a facility will greatly impact both cost and customer service levels.
Influencing factors include:Cost
(Warehouse Operations
and Maintenance
Serviceability
(Proximity to
Customers or Ports)
•3 PL’s & Courier
Availability of
Transportation
•Roads & highways
•Sea, Air and RailInfrastructure
•Critical Mass
•Customer DensityCentre-of-Gravity
•Prime consideration in S.A.
Public Transport for
Staff
•Waste dumps, sewerage handling plants.
•Dense population settlements
Negative
Environmental Factors
•Flood, Landslides, Sink-holesNatural Hazards
•Soil & Ground conditions
•Services & Utilities: storm water, sewerage
Geotechnical
Considerations
54 November 2015
Warehouse Design
Where do we start?
The Database
• Collecting operations data is often the first step in
designing a warehouse.
• From the database, companies can model actual facility
throughput, based on daily shipments and
production/receiving cycles.
• Projecting inventory levels is the most difficult task
associated with sizing and designing a warehouse to meet
future operating requirements.
• In most facilities, inventory is the primary space driver -
companies must consider how much inventory they need
to contain, and the associated pick faces needed to
handle inventory.
64 November 2015
Warehouse Design
Typical Warehouse Flow
Sorting &
Packing
Information
Storage
Order picking
or order
selection
Transfer or
Put away
Inspection
Receiving
Cross-Docking
Despatch
Designs should address material flows, picking and storage modules, materials handling
equipment, information systems support, building configurations, and layout.
7
Warehouse Flows
U-Shaped Layout
Pallet Storage Forward Pick Sorting
Packing
Receiving Despatch
U-Shaped Layout - Product comes in one side of the building, moves to the back (pallet storage), moves
across the back (to forward pick and other process), and back to the front (Despatch)
SLOW MOVING
LINES
FAST MOVING LINES
Facilitates cross-docking, best use of dock space (receiving and shipping can share dock
doors), allows for expansion.
Advantages of U-Shaped Flow Pattern
8
Warehouse Flows
Flow Through Layout
Flow Through Layout - Product comes in one side of the building (Receiving), flows directly through the
building (pallet storage to forward pick, to processing, to the far end of the building (Despatch).
Receiving
Pallet Storage
Forward Pick
Sorting/Packing
Despatch
Best for heavy cross-docking operations and operations with very systematic
processes (production plant or manufacturing).
SLOW
MOVING
LINES
FAST
MOVING
LINES
SLOW
MOVING
LINES
Advantages of Flow Through Pattern
94 November 2015
Warehouse Layout
Yard Design
In Planning the Number of Docks:
• Number of Receipts & Shipments.
• Type of Loading & Unloading.
• Type and sizes of vehicles.
• Number & timing of carriers.
• Different areas in which materials will be utilised,
stored, prepared for shipment.
Vehicle Interface to Warehouse
Truck types affect building options
104 November 2015
Warehouse Layout
Dock Apron and Door Centers
Apronspacerequired
Width of berth (door centers)
114 November 2015
Warehouse Layout
Materials Handling Equipment Selection
What happens when you don’t design with the operation in mind?
124 November 2015
Warehouse Layout
Getting It Wrong!
134 November 2015
Warehouse Specifications
If its not written…it was never said!
Typical Building Specifications to name a few:
• Clear heights – canopies, eaves, lighting & other
services.
• Lighting LUX levels.
• Operational offices.
• Client specific electrical requirements.
• Future expansion.
• Contractual agreements.
• Offsetting the environmental cost of
the building by applying greener
practices:
– Rain & Grey water harvesting
– Solar energy
– Natural lighting & ventilation
144 November 2015
Warehouse Specifications
Floor Specifications
A Warehouse Floor
Integral part of the warehouse system. It is the Table Top on which that system will operate.
Floor Specifications
must consider:
• Flatness
Specification
• Joint layout and
joint design
• Construction
methodologies
154 November 2015
Warehouse Specifications
Fire Specifications
Fire Specifications:
• SANS (ex.SABS) legal compliance.
• ASIB & FM Global are guideline standards and not legislated but can be
a client’s insurance requirement.
• Rational Fire design requires a Fire Engineer executing for life
preservation.
• Local Fire and Council authority variances.
Fire Specifications must consider:
• Goods and product fire risk categorization.
• Rack design and layout.
• Fire escape route planning in conjunction
with operation.
16

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Risks associated with warehouse design and process flow

  • 1. 4 November 2015 Risks Associated with Warehouse Design and Process Flow Understanding the Impact of Design
  • 2. 24 November 2015 Warehousing in a Nutshell? A Simple Definition ‘A warehouse is a planned space for the storage and handling of goods and material.’ • Warehouses act as a buffer against surges in demand and act as a constraint to releasing stock to market to prevent collapses in demand. • Enable buyer to gain from the economies of scale in terms of buying power. • Alternatively, it allows for production of larger batch sizes which offsets setup costs, price fluctuations, and unreliable demand. • Allows for the consolidation of goods from multiple vendors to multiple consumers.
  • 3. 34 November 2015 Warehouse Location Customer Focus What are the objectives in site selection? 1. Customer service 2. Lower operating costs: the 4 primary areas of cost are: • Inbound & Outbound transportation costs • Inventory costs • Facility costs • Labour costs 3. To be superior to that of our competitors. Start the selection process by realizing that a facility's location performs one main function: → Getting a company close to its customers ←
  • 4. 44 November 2015 Warehouse Location Factors to Consider: The correct positioning of a facility will greatly impact both cost and customer service levels. Influencing factors include:Cost (Warehouse Operations and Maintenance Serviceability (Proximity to Customers or Ports) •3 PL’s & Courier Availability of Transportation •Roads & highways •Sea, Air and RailInfrastructure •Critical Mass •Customer DensityCentre-of-Gravity •Prime consideration in S.A. Public Transport for Staff •Waste dumps, sewerage handling plants. •Dense population settlements Negative Environmental Factors •Flood, Landslides, Sink-holesNatural Hazards •Soil & Ground conditions •Services & Utilities: storm water, sewerage Geotechnical Considerations
  • 5. 54 November 2015 Warehouse Design Where do we start? The Database • Collecting operations data is often the first step in designing a warehouse. • From the database, companies can model actual facility throughput, based on daily shipments and production/receiving cycles. • Projecting inventory levels is the most difficult task associated with sizing and designing a warehouse to meet future operating requirements. • In most facilities, inventory is the primary space driver - companies must consider how much inventory they need to contain, and the associated pick faces needed to handle inventory.
  • 6. 64 November 2015 Warehouse Design Typical Warehouse Flow Sorting & Packing Information Storage Order picking or order selection Transfer or Put away Inspection Receiving Cross-Docking Despatch Designs should address material flows, picking and storage modules, materials handling equipment, information systems support, building configurations, and layout.
  • 7. 7 Warehouse Flows U-Shaped Layout Pallet Storage Forward Pick Sorting Packing Receiving Despatch U-Shaped Layout - Product comes in one side of the building, moves to the back (pallet storage), moves across the back (to forward pick and other process), and back to the front (Despatch) SLOW MOVING LINES FAST MOVING LINES Facilitates cross-docking, best use of dock space (receiving and shipping can share dock doors), allows for expansion. Advantages of U-Shaped Flow Pattern
  • 8. 8 Warehouse Flows Flow Through Layout Flow Through Layout - Product comes in one side of the building (Receiving), flows directly through the building (pallet storage to forward pick, to processing, to the far end of the building (Despatch). Receiving Pallet Storage Forward Pick Sorting/Packing Despatch Best for heavy cross-docking operations and operations with very systematic processes (production plant or manufacturing). SLOW MOVING LINES FAST MOVING LINES SLOW MOVING LINES Advantages of Flow Through Pattern
  • 9. 94 November 2015 Warehouse Layout Yard Design In Planning the Number of Docks: • Number of Receipts & Shipments. • Type of Loading & Unloading. • Type and sizes of vehicles. • Number & timing of carriers. • Different areas in which materials will be utilised, stored, prepared for shipment. Vehicle Interface to Warehouse Truck types affect building options
  • 10. 104 November 2015 Warehouse Layout Dock Apron and Door Centers Apronspacerequired Width of berth (door centers)
  • 11. 114 November 2015 Warehouse Layout Materials Handling Equipment Selection What happens when you don’t design with the operation in mind?
  • 12. 124 November 2015 Warehouse Layout Getting It Wrong!
  • 13. 134 November 2015 Warehouse Specifications If its not written…it was never said! Typical Building Specifications to name a few: • Clear heights – canopies, eaves, lighting & other services. • Lighting LUX levels. • Operational offices. • Client specific electrical requirements. • Future expansion. • Contractual agreements. • Offsetting the environmental cost of the building by applying greener practices: – Rain & Grey water harvesting – Solar energy – Natural lighting & ventilation
  • 14. 144 November 2015 Warehouse Specifications Floor Specifications A Warehouse Floor Integral part of the warehouse system. It is the Table Top on which that system will operate. Floor Specifications must consider: • Flatness Specification • Joint layout and joint design • Construction methodologies
  • 15. 154 November 2015 Warehouse Specifications Fire Specifications Fire Specifications: • SANS (ex.SABS) legal compliance. • ASIB & FM Global are guideline standards and not legislated but can be a client’s insurance requirement. • Rational Fire design requires a Fire Engineer executing for life preservation. • Local Fire and Council authority variances. Fire Specifications must consider: • Goods and product fire risk categorization. • Rack design and layout. • Fire escape route planning in conjunction with operation.
  • 16. 16