final year embedded system projects in chennai

http://www.embeddedinnovationlab.com
Umma A, Maleque M.A, Iskandar I.Y and Mohammed Y.A 2012
Abstract: This review is performed mainly to study and summarize the research scenario on
carbon nano tube aluminium matrix nano-composite (CNT-AMC) prepared by powder
metallurgy route for awide variety of applications such as aerospace. “Final year embedded
system projects in Chennai.” automobile and sport equipment industries. Manyresearch have
been carried out in utilizing CNTs as reinforcement for nano-composite material development on
aluminium matrix. The challenge is to distribute CNT uniformly in the matrix toenhance the
mechanical and wear properties in the service life of the material. The result showed that powder
metallurgy is the simpler and cheaper way of making aluminium nano-composite with uniform
dispersion of CNTs and improved mechanical. http://www.embeddedinnovationlab.com/.
wear and frictional properties. This paper summarized the research on carbon nano tube
aluminium nano-composite prepared using powder metallurgy route and clearly stated the
importance and benefits of CNT-Al nano-composite on other materials.
K.R. Padmavathi1, Dr. R. Ramakrishnan Volume 5, Issue 5, May (2014),
Metal matrix composites are important class of engineering materials used in
automotive,aerospace and other applications because of their lower density, higher
specific strength,and better physical and mechanical properties compared to pure
aluminium.Multiwall Carbon Nano tube(MWCNT) and Silicon Carbide (SiC) reinforced
Aluminium (Al) metal matrix composite material swere fabricated by mechanical ball
milling and hotpressing processes. The SiC was used as aphysical mixing agent to
increase dispersity of the MWCNT in the Al particles. It was observed that the MWCNT
was better dispersed in the Al particles with a SiC mixing agent compared to without it
used. The fabricated specimens were characterized using SEM and which validates the
presence of SiC and MWCNT and also the hardness of this composite is increased
considerably as compared with the hardness of pure aluminium. This dual reinforced Al
metal matrix composites by powdermetallurgical approach could also be applied to
complex matrix materials. “final year eee projects in Bangalore.”
UNNIKRISHNAN. R1, RENJITH. M. S2, ANEESH KUMAR. J3, T. KRISHNAKUMAR
4 Vol.2, Issue.3, May-June 2012 pp-1167-1170

In this research work, Al - 1wt% silver coated multi wall carbon nanotube (MWCNT) composite
have been processed using powder metallurgy technique. In order to distribute CNT uniformly in
the aluminum matrix high energy ball milling is required. . It was found that excessive milling
can lead to carbide and alumina formation. So to reduce the milling time, the surface of CNT is
modified by coating it with silver. In order to obtain surface modification of carbon nanotubes,
electroless coating of silver has been given to carbon nanotubes after liquid phase oxidation,
sensitization and activation. Since Al / 1wt% MWCNT could not be sintered, Silicon has been
added as sintering agent. Al along with 1wt% silver coated MWCNT and 9wt% of Silicon is
milled together in a planetary ball mill for 4 hour. The composite powders were compacted using
Vacuum Hot Pressing (VHP). CNT dispersion, phase analysis and powder morphology of the
composite is investigated using XRD, SEM and optical microscopy. “Final year mechanical
projects in Chennai”. Density of the composite is measured using Archimedes density
principle. Hardness of the composite is measured using Brinell hardness tester.
Ashish Srivastava a, Amit Rai Dixit a, Sandeep Tiwari Volume 2, Issue 2 (2014) 516-521
The trend towards the use of composites is increasing rapidly in the ongoing scenario and is
likely to increase more rapidly in the future. Nowadays aluminium and its alloy based
composites are gaining importance in the upcoming fields of engineering. Aluminium metal
matrix composite (AMMC) possess superior strength, hardness, corrosion resistance, fatigue and
creep resistance in addition to low weight advantage of aluminium. Aluminium based
composites (AMMC) are widely used in aerospace and automotive industries due to high
strength to wear ratio. Mechanical Components due to insufficient strength fails under various
types of loading. “Final year power electronics projects in Bangalore”. Modern mechanical
components require advance properties, the material available in pure form do not possess the
required strength, hardness, corrosion resistance etc. A Composite is formed by combination of
two or more physically and chemically distinct substances and is fabricated to enhance the
characteristics of base metal. The material is then characterized by the different types of analysis
like tensile, impact, hardness, along with thermal analysis such as XRD and DTA. Metal matrix
composite (MMC) are formed when the base metal is metal and reinforcement takes place in the
form of powder, particles, fibers and whiskers. Reinforcements in the metal matrix composite
may be a metal or other material which may be ceramic or any other organic compound. Metal

matrix composites (MMC) possess significantly enhanced properties which improve the
functioning as well as service life of the various mechanical components. This paper is aimed to
review the theory, experiments and methodology to fabricate aluminium metal matrix
composites (AMMC) and also the characterization of fabricated material.
M. Tehrani, M. Safdari, M.S. Al-Haik 25 March 2010
High temperature instrumented indentation testing was used to evaluate the mechanicalproperties
of multiwall carbon nanotubes/epoxy nanocomposite system. Reference neatepoxy samples
werealso tested and compared with the results obtained for the nanocomposite.The
nanoindentation creep tests were utilized to provide the creep strain rate sensitivityparameter, the
contact creep compliance and the time-dependent deformationunder constant loads. Different
thermo-mechanical conditions comprising three temperaturesof 25, 40 and 55 _C and three loads
of 1, 2 and 3 mN were utilized. Final year vlsi projects in Bangalore.The improvementsin the
properties were not as high as anticipated through the use of mixture rule, indicatinginsufficient
dispersion. However, variations in modulus, hardness and creep strain rate sensitivityparameter
obtained using nanoindentation showed quantifiable differencesbetween the MWCNTs
nanocomposite and epoxy specimens.The comparison of the creep strain rate sensitivity A/d(0)
from short term, 60 s, creeptests and the creep compliance J(t) from the long term, 1800 s, creep
tests suggests that formerparameter is a more useful comparative creep parameter than the creep
compliance.The analysis of the creep strain rate sensitivity clearly revealed that the addition
ofMWCNTs to a commercial epoxy reduced the creep rate. This reduction of creep rate
sensitivityparameter was observed particularly at thermal environments just below the
glasstransition temperature. final year ece projects in vijayawada
Shadakshari R1, Dr.Mahesha K2, Dr.Niranjan H B3 Vol. 1, Issue 2,December 2012
The present paper illustrates mixing procedures for Al-CNTs powder preparation alongside
depiction of the CNTsdispersion results from the different mixing techniques. XRD analysis
showed that the mean grain size of powders milled for 6h was found to be 48.4 nm and for
extrudates of CNT-Al, it is 56.6 nm. Based on the geometry and physical properties of
multiwalled nano tubes, three strengthening mechanisms were considered for CNT/Al composite
system. It was evident from the testing that as the content of nano tubes in the matrix increased,
the micro-hardness measured on the Vickers scale also increased. The investigation of the
damping behaviour of 2024Al-CNT composite showed that the damping capacity of the

composite with a frequency of 0.5 Hz reaches 975 x 10-3, and the storage modulus is 82.3 GPa
when the temperature is 400˚ C, which shows that CNTs are a promising reinforcement for metal
matrix composites to obtain high damping capabilities at an elevated temperature without
sacrificing the mechanical strength and stiffness of a metal matrix.
ManjunathaL.H.1 P.Dinesh. 2
Associate Professor, RevaInnatitute of Technology,VTU, Bangalore,, Karnataka, India1
Professor, MSRIT,VTU, Bangalore, Karnataka, India2 Vol. 2, Issue 2, February 2013.
Powder metallurgy techniques have emerged as promising routes for the fabrication of carbon
nanotube (CNT)reinforced metal matrix composites. In this present work has been made to
investigate the mechanical properties of the fabricated Composites. Al6061 alloys as matrix and
Multiwall Carbon Nanotube (MWCNT) as reinforcement (0, 0.5, 1.0 ,1.5,2 ,2.5 & 3 weight
percentage) have been fabricated by powder metallurgy process. Al6061 powder (200 mesh) and
multiwalled carbon nano tubes (Nanoshell.,USA) were procured from different sources available
in the market. “ Final year biomedical projects in Bangalore” .The two materials were
properly mixed for different composition by using ball mill ,to mix uniformly CNT‘s with
Aluminium powder. Compacting die was used to compact the powder by using 40Ton capacity
hydraulic press, after compacting the powder in to solid billet. A low cost sintering furnace was
designed and fabricated for current research work. Sintered billets were hot extruded using hot
extrusion set up. Samples were prepared for various compositions and the samples were
investigated for microstructure, using optical microscope and SEM Apparatus and also tested for
strength.
Dr. Dan Adams Director, Composite Mechanics Laboratory
Universityof Utah SaltLake City UT 84112 (801)585-9807
The mechanical testing of composite structures to obtain parameters such as strength and
stiffiless is a time consuming and often difficult process. It is, however, an essential process, and
can be somewhat simplified by the testing of simple structures, such as flat coupons. The data
obtained from these tests can then be directly related with varying degrees of simplicity and
accuracy to any structural shape. The test methods outlined in this section merely represent a
small selection available to the composites scientist. Some, such as the tensile coupon test, are
widely recognised as standards, whereas there are dozens of different tests for the measurement
of shear properties.
T. Laha1, Y. Liu2, and A. Agarwal1 2007, Vol. 7, No. 2

Free standing structures of hypereutectic aluminum-23 wt% silicon nanocomposite with
multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT)reinf orcement have been successfully fabricated by
two different thermal spraying technique viz Plasma Spray Forming (PSF)and High Velocity
Oxy-Fuel (HVOF)Spr ay Forming. Comparative microstructural and mechanical property
evaluation of the two thermally spray formed nanocomposites has been carried out. Presence of
nanosized grains in the Al–Si alloy matrix and physically intact and undamaged carbon
nanotubes were observed in both nanocomposites. Excellent interfacial bonding between Al
alloy matrix and MWCNT was observed. The elastic modulus and hardness of HVOF sprayed
nanocomposite is found to be higher than PSF sprayed composites.
Sumedh A. Dayal1, U.N.Puntambekar and P.B. Joshi Vol. 3, Issue 6, June 2014
This work presents the synthesis and evaluation of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs)
reinforced silver-matrix nanocomposite materials that were prepared by a chemical route
commonly known as Electroless Coating / In-Situ reduction. The silver nitrate was used as a
starting material and was reduced to silver over the surface of carbon nanotubes by the in-situ
reduction process using hydrazine hydrate as the reducing agent. This resulted in the formation
of silver particles attached with uniformly dispersed CNTs. The composite so formed was
characterized by using techniques like FTIR, TEM, and XRD. In this investigation the emphasis
is placed on the functionalization of CNTs and its role in deagglomeration in order to achieve
uniform mixing of CNTs with the silver matrix. The effect of volume per cent of carbon
nanotubes on properties like relative density, Vickers hardness and electrical conductivity of the
Ag-CNT nanocomposite was investigated. The results showed that the addition of carbon
nanotubes up to 9 % by volume to silver matrix results in an increase in the density and Vickers
hardness whereas the electrical conductivity of the composite decreases with increasing volume
fraction of CNT. Beyond 9 vol. % of CNT in Ag-CNT nano composite a sharp drop in the
electrical conductivity is observed.
C. VELASCO-SANTOS, A. L. MARTINEZ-HERNANDEZ
and V. M. CASTANO1 25 June 2004; accepted 14 September 2004
Research aimed at producing new nanocomposites with improved properties has
dramatically increased in the last decade, especially on materials tailored at a
nanometric level, such as fullerenes and carbon nanotubes. The use of nanoforms as
reinforcement of organic polymers has opened the possibility of developing novel ultra-

strong and conductive nanocomposites. Nevertheless, the challenge of manufacturing
multifunctional composite materials based on nanostructures is still open, in particular in
the details of the corresponding interfacial properties, which are particularly relevant in
these systems. This paper reviews the main technical activities in this field, focusing on
the most important parameters that influence the behavior of their interface, discussing
recent advances, as well as current and future trends in research.
M. E. Ali Mohsin, Agus Arsad, Othman Y. Alothman Vol:8 No:2, 2014
This study explains the influence of secondary filler on the dispersion of carbon nanotube (CNT)
reinforced high density polyethylene (HDPE) nanocomposites (CNT/HDPE). In order to
understand the mixed-fillers syste. Montmorillonite (MMT) was added to CNT/HDPE
nanocomposites. final year automobile projects in Bangalore . It was followed by
investigating their effect on the thermal, mechanical and morphological properties of the
aforesaid nanocomposite. Incorporation of 3 wt% each of MMT into CNT/HDPE nanocomposite
resulted to the increased values for the tensile and flexural strength, as compared to the pure
HDPE matrix. The thermal analysis result showed improved thermal stability of the formulated
nanocomposites. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images revealed that larger
aggregates of CNTs were disappeared upon addition of these two components leading to the
enhancement of thermo-mechanical properties for such composites.
Y. X. Zhou1,*, P. X. Wu2, Z-Y. Cheng2, J. Ingram1, S. Jeelani1 22 September 2007; accepted
in revised form 7 November 2007
In this study, electrical, thermal and mechanical properties of multi-walled carbon nanotubes
(CNTs) reinforced Epon 862 epoxy have been evaluated. Firstly, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, and 0.4 wt% CNT
were infused into epoxy through a high intensity ultrasonic liquid processor and then mixed with
EpiCure curing agent W using a high speed mechanical agitator. Electric conductivity, dynamic
mechanical analysis (DMA), three point bending tests and fracture tests were then performed on
unfilled, CNT-filled epoxy to identify the loading effect on the properties of materials.
Experimental results show significant improvement in electric conductivity. The resistivity of
epoxy decreased from 1014 Ω·m of neat epoxy to 10 Ω·m with 0.4% CNT. The experimental
results also indicate that the frequency dependent behavior of CNT/epoxy nanocomposite can
be modeled by R-C circuit, permittivity of material increase with increasing of CNT content.
DMA studies revealed that filling the carbon nanotube into epoxy can produce a 90%

enhancement in storage modulus and a 17°C increase in Tg. Mechanical test results showed that
modulus increased with higher CNT loading percentages, but the 0.3 wt% CNT-infusion system
showed the maximum strength and fracture toughness enhancement. The decrease in strength
and fracture toughness in 0.4% CNT/epoxy was attributed to poor dispersions of nanotubes in
the composite.
M. S. Islam, F. O. Riktan , S. C. Chowdhur, M. M. R. Chowdhury , S. Ahmed Department
of Mechanical Engineering, BUET, Dhaka, Bangladesh 2011
Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) have remarkable mechanical, thermal and electrical properties. The
properties of CNTs depend on atomic arrangement (how the sheets of graphite are rolled), the
diameter and length of the tubes and morphology of nanostructure. In this paper effective elastic
properties of CNT based polymer composites are evaluated using a square Representative
Volume Element (RVE) in finite element method (FEM). COMSOL Multiphysics3.5 is used for
making the models and doing simulations. Tensile modulus of a Single CNT based polymer
composites are evaluated analytically and validated by simulation technique. The effect of
varying CNT diameter and length on elastic properties of CNT reinforced composites is
estimated and analyzed. In every model an interface is used between matrix and CNT.
Iman Eslami Afrooza, Puteri Sri Melor Binti Megat Yusoff, Faiz Ahmad and Ali Samer
Muhsan published by EDP Sciences, 2014
Thermal conductivity of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) copper-matrix nanocomposites was predicted
by using numerical approach. In the present study, twenty representative volume elements
(RVEs) were modeled by assuming that the CNTs are distributed homogeneously in the copper
(Cu) matrix. It is assumed that each RVE contains different pattern of CNTs distribution while
the direction, diameter and length of CNTs are held constant. The effect of the CNTs-matrix
interfacial resistance was also negligible. Therefore, it was observed that the predicted values of
thermal conductivity would reach to the upper-bound rule of mixtures.
Ali Samer Muhsana,1, Faiz Ahmad1, Norani M. Mohamed2, Puteri Sri MelorMegat
Yusoff1, M. Rafi Raza3, and Iman Eslami Afrooz1EDP Sciences, 2014
Due to the rapid growth of high performance electronics devices accompanied by overheating
problem, heat dissipater nanocomposites material having ultra-high thermal conductivity and low
coefficient of thermal expansion was proposed. In this work, a nanocomposite material made of
copper (Cu) reinforced by multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) up to 10 vol. % was prepared
and their thermal behaviour was measured experimentally and evaluated using numerical

simulation. In order to numerically predict the thermal behaviour of Cu/CNTs composites, three
different prediction methods were performed. The results showed that rules of mixture method
records the highest thermal conductivity for all predicted composites. In contrast, the prediction
model which takes into account the influence of the interface thermal resistance between CNTs
and copper particles, has shown the lowest thermal conductivity which considered as the closest
results to the experimental measurement. The experimentally measured thermal conductivities
showed remarkable increase after adding 5 vol.% CNTs and higher than the thermal
conductivities predicted via Nan models, indicating that the improved fabrication technique of
powder injection molding that has been used to produced Cu/CNTs nanocomposites has
overcome the challenges assumed in the mathematical models.
M. R. Loos Æ S. H. Pezzin Æ S. C. Amico Æ C. P. Bergmann Æ L. A. F. Coelho
Received: 18 August 2008 / Published online: 4 September 2008
In this study, randomly oriented single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs)/epoxy
nanocomposites were fabricated by tip sonication with the aid of a solvent and subsequent
casting. Two different curing cycles were used to study the role of the stiffness of the epoxy
matrix on the tensile and thermal behavior of the composites. The addition of a small amount of
SWCNTs (0.25 wt.%) in rubbery, i.e., soft matrices, greatly increased Young’s modulus and
tensile strength of the nanocomposites. The results showed that the tensile properties of soft
epoxy matrices are much more influenced by the addition of carbon nanotubes than stiffer ones.
The significant improvement in tensile properties was attributed to the excellent mechanical
properties and structure of SWCNTs, an adequate dispersion of SWCNTs by tip sonication, and
a stronger SWCNT/matrix interfacial adhesion in softer epoxy matrices. A slight improvement in
the thermal stability of the nanocomposites was also observed.
Zhidong Han, Alberto Fin.2010.11.004
Thermally conductive polymer composites offer new possibilities for replacing metal parts in
several applications, including power electronics, electric motors and generators, heat
exchangers etc., thanks to the polymer advantages such as light weight, corrosion resistance and
ease of processing. Current interest to improve the thermal conductivity of polymers is focused
on the selective addition of nanofillers with high thermal conductivity. Unusually high thermal
conductivity makes carbon nanotube (CNT) the best promising candidate material for thermally

conductive composites. However, the thermal conductivities of polymer/CNT nanocomposites
are relatively low compared with expectations from the intrinsic thermal conductivity of CNTs.
The challenge primarily comes from the large interfacial thermal resistance between the CNT the
surrounding polymer matrix which hinders the transfer of phonon dominating heat conduction in
polymer and CNT. This article is intended to review the status of worldwide research in the
thermal conductivity of CNTs and their polymer nanocomposites. The dependence of thermal
conductivity of nanotubes on the atomic structure, the tube size, the morphology, the defect and
the purification is reviewed. The roles of particle/polymer and particle/particle interfaces on the
thermal conductivity of polymer/CNT nanocomposites are discussed in details, as well as the
relationship between the thermal conductivity and the micro- and nano-structure of the
composites.

Keywords
 Final year ece projects in Chennai
 Final year eee project in Chennai
 Final year eee projects in Bangalore
 Final year vlsi projects in Bangalore
 Final year engineering projects in Chennai
 Final year projects in Bangalore
 Final year automobile projects in Bangalore .

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