Karel Spee - Holst Centre

Introduction to Organic
and Printed Electronics

Karel Spee
karel.spee@tno.nl

Presentation
overview
Introduction - Societal challenges

Organic & Printed Electronics
Advantages & Examples

Market predictions

Players

Summary

Introduction to Organic & Printed Electronics – Mikrocentrum Themadag

© Holst Centre < 4

We live in a rapidly changing world

Society stands for a number
of important challenges

Organic & Printed Electronics
will play an important role


© Holst Centre < 5

Aging population
Globalization
Health
Track and Trace Consciousness
Authenticity Convenience
Increasing Costs

Individualization
Food & Drug Safety Customization
Appeal
Poisoning Aesthetics
Anti-tampering

Increasing Population

Environmental Issues
Food & Energy Scarcity
Scarcity of Materials


© Holst Centre < 6

Aging population
Healtcare

• More than 12% of the population are over the age of 65
• The elderly population is forecast to increase from 86 million to
118 million over the next decade in Europe.
• Collectively they make more than 25% of the physician’s office
visits per annum.
• Health care costs continuously rice (in USA >factor 4 over last 10
years)


© Holst Centre < 7

Healthcare : Example dehydration

• Among the elderly, chronic dehydration is a very common
condition. An estimation of 7%, but maybe even as high as 28%,
may be chronically dehydrated.
• In USA one third of the 3 million elderly that reside in skilled
nursing facilities suffer each year from dehydration during their
stay.
• In UK, 667 elderly persons have died from dehydration while living
in aged care homes in the UK, in the past 5 years. Compared with
4885 due to falls and 2000 due to infections. [Nursing Times.net]
• The European heat-wave of 2003 resulted in more than 30,000
deaths of elderly persons
• Dehydration accounts for 1.4% of hospital admissions of persons
over 65, with 1-year mortality of 48%.

• Dehydration in the elderly
is to a large extend preventable!

Sources: UNEP, “Impacts of Summer 2003 Heatwave on Europe”, March 2004


© Holst Centre < 8

Increasing Population
Food waste

• In UK >17 million tonnes per year of food wastes
 Almost 50% of this waste is in UK households
• The average UK household spends 40 pounds per month on food
and drink waste, 15% of food & drink shopping budget
• The total avoidable fraction costs in the UK a total of 12 billion
pounds per year an average of 480 pounds per household per year
(15% of food & drinks shopping budget)
• The average UK household generates 210 kg of avoidable food and
drink waste per year
• This generates the equivalent of ~0.8 tonnes of CO2 (2.4% of total
greenhouse emissions associated with consumptions)

• In NL
 Almost 4 Billion EUR thrown away
 Per family 325 EUR/year
 50 kg per person; ~120 kg per family

Source UK: WRAP report, ‘Household Food and Drink Waste in the UK’, Nov 2009


© Holst Centre < 9

Food Safety
Food borne diseases

• The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (USA) estimate that more
than 76 million cases of food-borne disease occur each year. Although
most cases are mild, more than 325,000 people end up hospitalized.

• In the US alone, the World Trade Organisation estimates that there are
more than 76mn cases of food-borne disease a year, leading to 325,000
hospitalisations and more than 5,000 deaths.

• The most important problem, is breaches in the cool chain.

Solution: RFID tags
with sensors


© Holst Centre < 10

Energy Increasing Population

• Energy needs are still increasing
• Present energy sources come for ~70%
from fossil sources
• The enormous amounts of CO2 waste from
energy consumption causes dramatic
climate changes.

• Dramatic energy reductions
and renewable energy sources
are necessary



Energy Increasing Population

• >19% of all generated electricity goes to lighting!
• OLED <1/25th of the consumption of an incandescent lamp and
even <2/5 of that of a Compact Fluorescent lamp (CFL).
• OLED displays – as little as 1/10th the power wrt LCD
• The estimated energy payback time (regarding the carbon foot
print) for OPV is 0.4 years, while for conventional solar cells this is
still 2 to 5 years.



Organic and printed Electronics

They can be:
• Low Cost
• Produced in High Volume

Using:
• Roll-to-roll processing
• Printing processes
 As newspapers
• Low-cost substrates
 Plastic foils, paper
• Low-cost materials
 Polymers, No-Indium



Organic and printed Electronics

Furthermore they can be :
• Thin and Conformal
• Flexible
• Wearable
• Stretchable
• Transparent
• ‘non’-breakable
• Foldable
• Rollable
• Made uniquely

With:
• Lower environmental impact



Why R2R processing?
Why printing/coating from solution?
Goal: cost efficient R2R production
Low Production Costs!  From rigid to flexible substrates
 From cm² to m²
• Solution processing (processing from
 From S2S to R2R
liquid) enables fast printing and coating
technologies Advantages of flexible substrates
• Easy to pattern  Flexible
• High Speed  Any size, any shape
• Large area  Non fragile
• No expensive vacuum technology  From transparent to opaque
• No time loss by waiting for vacuum  Light weight
• Multiple layer deposition  Low cost



Flexible Electronics - Examples
Flexible displays
Plastic solar cells
Touch
screens
Plastic batteries

Signage
Smart
packaging

OLED
RFID tags lighting

Bio-sensors
Smart bandage Electronic textiles


Label & Sensors on the food market

Manufacturer Trade name
Time-temperature indicators
- LifeLines Technology Inc. FreshCheck
-Vitsab Vitsab TTI
- 3M Company Monitor Mark
- Daymark Safety Systems DayMark Timestrip
-TimeStrip Timestrip
-IntroTech WarmMark
- Ciba Speciality Chemicals OnVu
Oxygen indicators
- Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Co., Ltd, Japan Ageless-eye
- Toppan Printing Co., Ltd, Japan -
- Toagosei Chem. Industry Co., Ltd, Japan -
- Finetec Co., Ltd, Japan Sanso-Checker
CO2 indicators
- Cryovac-Sealed Air Limited, USA Tufflex GS
Freshness indicators
- Cox Recorders, USA FreshTag



Label & Sensors for the food market

Sensors + electronics
• Electronic sensors
• Memory + Logics
• Radio (UHV, NFC) + Antenna

Development stage

• Ultimate goal fully printed Concept

• Intermediate stage with embedded chips



Smart Labels for Packaging Solutions
Advice
- usage
Information
- preparation
- wireless readout
- expiry date
- logistics

Identification
- anti counterfeit
- tracking

Costumer instructions
- how
- when



Smart Systems: technology demonstrators

• Smart bandages
• Sensors in foil
• Smart labels
• Smart blisters
• etc



Printed Electronics Graphics

• Source: Ynvisible



Interactive cards




Toys: interactive games

• Source: OE-A



Interactive grocerybag

• Source: E-Ink and Lenart Studios



Moisture sensor for houseplants

Interactive moisture sensor.
The display is activated by
putting the metal feet's in a
plant pot




In-Store sales advice display

L’Oréal developed in collaboration with Ynvisible a PE display. It
helps consumers to pick a perfume.

Source: Plastic Electronics



Smart measuring tape

• Stores three measurements in the PE display.

• Source: E-Ink and Lenart Studios



Interactive cutting board

This cutting board stores
recipes and shows them
through a PE display while
preparing the food.

• Source: E-Ink en Axis Design



Electronic toll pass

Combination of PE RFID,
solarcel, battery and display.
Driver can easily see the costs
per toll road and the saldo on
• Source: E-Ink en Axis Design his/her account.



Electronics in magazine

Source: E-Ink™ Esquire cover (October 2008)



Electronics in magazine

• Circuitry: entirely printed
• Partners
 Ntera's Innovations
 Switchable Electrochromic Images
by Advanced Materials
 NanoChromics
 Printed Batteries (Blue Spark)
 Etc.

www.printedelectronicscover.com

Source: The February 2011 issue of Canvas Magazine



StoraEnso

• Blister packages
• Voting cards



Holst Blister Proto-type

• Features
 3 chip solution (MC, RTC, NFC Eeprom)
 All electronics in footprint blister
 Printed resistance ladder
 Monitor when en what pill is pushed through
 NFC communication



Paperdisplay.se

• PaperDisplay, which is located in
Norrkoping, Sweden,
manufactures and sells low cost
displays printed on paper
substrates for applications in
smart labels, smart packaging,
printed matters, etc.



PE cosmetic treatments

• Anti-wrinkle
• Anti fungus treatment

• Source: Power Paper



Flexible Organic PV modules

• Double glazing
• Blinds
• Luxaflex
• Airplane wings
• Trucks roofs
• Tents
• Shadings
• Solar chargers



Total Market sizes in 2010

• $3 trillion healthcare disposables market
• $3 trillion consumer packaged goods market
• $1.3 trillion electronics market
• $430 billion packaging market
• $250 billion silicon chip market
• $200 billion publishing market
• $120 billion electronic displays market
• $65 billion lighting market But in 2010
• $40 billion cosmetics market
only very small
• $30 billion sensors market
fraction is organic
• $15 billion solar cell market
and/or printed

Printed and potentially printed
electronics reach $9.4 billion in 2012
Source: IDtechEx 2010 IDTEchEx 2012



IDTechEx 2012-2022 Status & Forecast



Frost & Sullivan forecast

• Slightly more conservative than IDTechEx

Source: http://www.frost.com/prod/servlet/market-insight-top.pag



Market Predictions Semiconductor Market

Source: IDTechEx

In 10-20 years from now organic and/or printed electronics
will become substantial part of the market



OLED for Lighting

Yole: http://www.i-micronews.com/reports/OLED-Lighting/14/329/

However according to Lux Research product cost have to drop below
200 EUR/m2 in order for the market to grow > 60 MEUR



Nanomarket Top Applications: 2005-2010
(Cumulative Sales - $ Millions)

3500
3000
Printed
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0

RFIDs OLED Displays
Backplanes Memories
Photovoltaics Smart cards and ticketing
Sensors Toys and novelties
Membrane keyboard Other
www.nanomarkets.net © NanoMarkets, LC


Market for OPV

• Predictions for 2015 range from 50 Million$ to 1.5 Billion $

Global market for OPV 2005 –
2025 in billion Dollars (IDTechEx) OPV Market Size variation by scenario
(LuxResearch [4])

However if sufficient efficiency and lifetime are met a market
percentage of at least 10% is predicted


Powered Smart Card Markets - 2012

Nanomarket estimates:
• Current value of about $70 million
• Will grow to about $8.5 billion by the year 2019
• which corresponds to over 1.8 billion powered smart cards
shipped.
• The value of thin film and/or printed batteries for such smart
cards will grow from just over $7.5 million today to $365 million in
2019
• The value of small information displays used in powered smart
cards with grow from about $7 million today to over $715 million.

Source: Nanomarkets Oct 2012: Powered Smart Card Markets- 2012



Value chain

Source: http://www.aistrupconsulting.com/PrintedElectronics.aspx



Players in this market

• According to Nanomarkets for thin-film transistors, memories,
batteries, sensors, displays and lighting important companies &
organisations are:
 Agilent, Bank of America, Bemis, DuPont Teijin, eBay, E Ink, Enfucell, Esquire
Magazine, Fujifilm Dimatix, GE, Gemalto, HelioVolt, Holst Centre, ISET, Jenn
Feng, Kovio, MasterCard, Merck, Mitsubishi, Panasonic, Nanosolar, Oxford
Photovoltaics, PARC, Pioneer, PolyIC, PragmaticIC, Pragmatic Printing, Plastic
Logic, Printed Electronics Limited, Qolpac, Samsung, Seiko Epson, SolarPrint,
Sumitomo, Thin Film Electronics, Tokyo Electron, and UDC.
 Source: Nanomarkets Nov 2012 report: Printed Electronics Version 3.0: A
Market Forecast
• Lux research has 350 companies in this field profiled
 Source: Lux Research Client Portal
• IDTechEx mentions the following companies:
 ACREO, Agfa Orgacon, Asahi Kasei, Asahi Glass, BASF, Cambrios, DaiNippon
Printing, E Ink, Evonik, Fujifilm Dimatix, G24i, Hereaus, Hewlett Packard, Holst
Centre, InkTec, ITRI Taiwan, Konarka, Kovio Inc, Merck Chemicals, Optomec,
Phil1ps, Plastic Logic, Plextronics, PolyIC, Samsung, Soligie, Thinfilm, Toppan
Forms, Toppan Printing, University of Tokyo, Waseda University
 Source: Printed, Organic & Flexible Electronics Forecasts, Players &
Opportunities 2012-2022



Industrial partners @ Holst for O&PE



Partners across the value-chain

R&D Materials Equipment End-users



Conclusions

• Future society will need low cost, high volume electronic products
which are flexible and/or conformable, including low- cost
sensors, displays, radio, etc, with low-energy use and energy
scavaging.

• Market Growth has started for niche products

• Large market volume will start with non-flexible substrates
 E.g. OLED for Displays and Lighting

• Higher volume products on flex foil will only be available in 5-10
years from now
 Technology & production capabilities need far more R&D

• Market predictions on the long end however are enormous
 In about 10 years > 50 billion growing to over 500 billion in >20 years


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Karel Spee - Holst Centre

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