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Happiness Initiatives
A New Economic Paradigm 
Gross National Happiness is 
more important than Gross 
National Product 
Gross National Happiness is 
more important than Gross 
National Product 
Jigme Singye Wangchuk 
King of Bhutan 1972
Gross 
National 
Happiness 
- Material 
Wellbeing/Standard of 
Living 
- Work 
- Time 
Balance 
- Arts & 
Culture 
- Education 
- Environment 
- Affect 
(feelings) 
- Governance 
- Social 
Support 
- Community 
- Health 
- Satisfaction with Life - Psychological 
Wellbeing 
Domain icons by Joumana Medlej at majnouna.com
What…is a happiness 
measurement?
Can Happiness be Measured? 
Answer: it already has 
…by nation
Can Happiness be Measured? 
Answer: YES 
OECD’s Guidelines on 
Measuring Subjective Well-being 
which documents the 
validity and the status of 
happiness measurements.
Why 
measure happiness?
GGrroossss DDoommeessttiicc PPrroodduucctt 
What GDP counts: 
+ goods and services sold 
+ oil spills, natural and 
manmade disasters 
+ illness and death 
+ divorce 
+ accidents 
the sum of all good and 
services produced in a year 
What GDP does not count: 
- time with friends & family 
- volunteering, participating 
in democratic process 
- gardening, educating 
yourself 
- walking for exercise
Does GDP make us happy? 
GDP in the US has 
more than tripled 
since 1950s. 
Adjusted per capita 
GDP since 1960 has 
doubled since 2010 
Happiness has 
remained stagnant 
and even fallen
Easterlin Paradox 
40 year study of nations across the globe 
Up to a salary of $75K 
for family of four, long 
and short term 
happiness increases a 
lot with more money 
After a salary of 
$75K, long term 
happiness increases 
are marginal or non-existent, 
short term 
increases in 
happiness do occur.
Why measure happiness? 
Purpose of government & 
life 
Granularity and defining 
issues 
Capture the unobservable 
Perception of hurting or 
thriving 
A “guide societies toward 
desirable futures” in an 
experimenting society 
Inclusivity – you are the data
UK 
UK Office of Statistics
“To those who say this sounds 
like a distraction from the 
serious business of government, 
I say finding out what will 
improve lives and acting on it is 
the serious business of 
government. 
"We'll continue to measure 
gross domestic product. But it is 
high time we admitted that, 
taken on its own, GDP is an 
incomplete way of measuring 
a country's progress.” 
– Prime Minister David Cameron
The spread of happiness
Surveyed 165,000 
people between April 
2011 and March 2012
Where Gross National Happiness 
Started - Bhutan
Genesis of the Nine 
Domains of GNH 
Subjective and Objective 
indicators 
Equal Weighting of Domains
What canB Shuubjteactniv’es aGnNd OHb jreectpivoer Itn d2ic0a1to0rs tell us? 
In the state of Gasa, people perceive themselves to 
have a similar standard of living to those in Thimphu 
while the per capita income is lower.
State of 
Maryland 
USA 
Used by policy makers 
to determine priorities 
and see how 
sustainability and long 
term prosperity change 
over time.
Superseding GDP with 
Objective indicators
State of 
Vermont 
USA 
GPI +
the plus part
Using the GNH Index Survey
Gross 
National 
Happiness 
- Material 
Wellbeing/Standard of 
Living 
- Work 
- Time 
Balance 
- Arts & 
Culture 
- Education 
- Environment 
- Affect 
(feelings) 
- Governance 
- Social 
Support 
- Community 
- Health 
- Satisfaction with Life - Psychological 
Wellbeing 
Domain icons by Joumana Medlej at majnouna.com
Outreach 
Assessing Impact 
Leverage Points
Material Well-being/Standard of Living 
In general, how much stress do you feel about 
your personal finances? 
Overwhelming stress 
High stress 
Moderate stress 
Low stress 
No stress at all
Time Balance 
In a typical week, how much of your time 
are you able to spend doing the kinds of 
things that you enjoy? 
None of my time 
Not much of my time 
Some of my time 
Most of my time 
All of my time
Sick Leave Ordinances 
City of San Francisco- Ch. 12W of 
SF Administrative Code in Paid 
Sick Leave Ordinance includes 
part time and temp workers 
City of Seattle ordinance 123698 
– municipal code for paid sick 
leave and paid safe time
Environment 
How satisfied with you are the efforts 
being made to preserve the natural 
environment in your neighborhood. 
Very dissatisfied 
Dissatisfied 
Neither Satisfied nor Dissatisfied 
Satisfied 
Very Satisfied
Wanted: Five to Seven Planets 
If everyone on Earth 
consumed at the same level 
of the U.S
Bhutan’s Constitution: Preservation of 
the Natural Environment 
60% natural habitat 
40% development 
Bhutan’s Foreign Direct Investment 
(FDI) Policy of 2010 - encourages the 
development of an environmentally 
friendly, sustainable economy
Parking Days
Pop-Up Parks
What you can do 
Take the GHN Index 
How Happy Are YOU? 
Find out 
Use the GNH Index for your project, city, 
community, campus or company 
happycounts.org 
Questions, comments, requests: info@happycounts.org
EXTRA
MMyy ppaatthh ttoo…… 
mom 
cottage 
industry 
director of 
sustainability 
mba 
lawyer 
happiness 
alliance 
UN 
sustainable 
seattle
Too much and too long, we seem to have surrendered ccoommmmuunniittyy eexxcceelllleennccee 
aanndd ccoommmmuunniittyy vvaalluueess iinn tthhee mmeerree aaccccuummuullaattiioonn ooff mmaatteerriiaall tthhiinnggss.. OOuurr ggrroossss 
nnaattiioonnaall pprroodduucctt ...... iiff wwee sshhoouulldd jjuuddggee AAmmeerriiccaa bbyy tthhaatt -- ccoouunnttss aaiirr ppoolllluuttiioonn 
aanndd cciiggaarreettttee aaddvveerrttiissiinngg, aanndd aammbbuullaanncceess ttoo cclleeaarr oouurr hhiigghhwwaayyss ooff ccaarrnnaaggee.. IItt 
ccoouunnttss ssppeecciiaall lloocckkss ffoorr oouurr ddoooorrss aanndd tthhee jjaaiillss ffoorr tthhoossee wwhhoo bbrreeaakk tthheemm.. IItt 
ccoouunnttss tthhee ddeessttrruuccttiioonn ooff oouurr rreeddwwooooddss aanndd tthhee lloossss ooff oouurr nnaattuurraall wwoonnddeerr iinn 
cchhaaoottiicc sspprraawwll.. IItt ccoouunnttss nnaappaallmm aanndd tthhee ccoosstt ooff aa nnuucclleeaarr wwaarrhheeaadd, aanndd 
aarrmmoorreedd ccaarrss ffoorr ppoolliiccee wwhhoo ffiigghhtt rriioottss iinn oouurr ssttrreeeettss.. IItt ccoouunnttss WWhhiittmmaann''ss rriiffllee 
aanndd SSppeecckk''ss kknniiffee, aanndd tthhee tteelleevviissiioonn pprrooggrraammss wwhhiicchh gglloorriiffyy vviioolleennccee iinn oorrddeerr 
ttoo sseellll ttooyyss ttoo oouurr cchhiillddrreenn.. 
YYeett tthhee ggrroossss nnaattiioonnaall pprroodduucctt ddooeess nnoott aallllooww ffoorr tthhee hheeaalltthh ooff oouurr cchhiillddrreenn, tthhee 
qquuaalliittyy ooff tthheeiirr eedduuccaattiioonn, oorr tthhee jjooyy ooff tthheeiirr ppllaayy.. IItt ddooeess nnoott iinncclluuddee tthhee 
bbeeaauuttyy ooff oouurr ppooeettrryy oorr tthhee ssttrreennggtthh ooff oouurr mmaarrrriiaaggeess;; tthhee iinntteelllliiggeennccee ooff oouurr 
ppuubblliicc ddeebbaattee oorr tthhee iinntteeggrriittyy ooff oouurr ppuubblliicc ooffffiicciiaallss.. IItt mmeeaassuurreess nneeiitthheerr oouurr wwiitt 
nnoorr oouurr ccoouurraaggee;; nneeiitthheerr oouurr wwiissddoomm nnoorr oouurr lleeaarrnniinngg;; nneeiitthheerr oouurr ccoommppaassssiioonn 
nnoorr oouurr ddeevvoottiioonn ttoo oouurr ccoouunnttrryy;; iitt mmeeaassuurreess eevveerryytthhiinngg,, iinn sshhoorrtt,, eexxcceepptt tthhaatt 
wwhhiicchh mmaakkeess lliiffee wwoorrtthhwwhhiillee.. AAnndd iitt tteellllss uuss eevveerryytthhiinngg aabboouutt AAmmeerriiccaa eexxcceepptt 
wwhhyy wwee aarree pprroouudd tthhaatt wwee aarree AAmmeerriiccaannss.. 
-- RRoobbeerrtt KKeennnneeddyy

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Happiness For Greater Lafayette Community Leadership

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  • 3. A New Economic Paradigm Gross National Happiness is more important than Gross National Product Gross National Happiness is more important than Gross National Product Jigme Singye Wangchuk King of Bhutan 1972
  • 4. Gross National Happiness - Material Wellbeing/Standard of Living - Work - Time Balance - Arts & Culture - Education - Environment - Affect (feelings) - Governance - Social Support - Community - Health - Satisfaction with Life - Psychological Wellbeing Domain icons by Joumana Medlej at majnouna.com
  • 5. What…is a happiness measurement?
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  • 9. Can Happiness be Measured? Answer: it already has …by nation
  • 10. Can Happiness be Measured? Answer: YES OECD’s Guidelines on Measuring Subjective Well-being which documents the validity and the status of happiness measurements.
  • 12. GGrroossss DDoommeessttiicc PPrroodduucctt What GDP counts: + goods and services sold + oil spills, natural and manmade disasters + illness and death + divorce + accidents the sum of all good and services produced in a year What GDP does not count: - time with friends & family - volunteering, participating in democratic process - gardening, educating yourself - walking for exercise
  • 13. Does GDP make us happy? GDP in the US has more than tripled since 1950s. Adjusted per capita GDP since 1960 has doubled since 2010 Happiness has remained stagnant and even fallen
  • 14. Easterlin Paradox 40 year study of nations across the globe Up to a salary of $75K for family of four, long and short term happiness increases a lot with more money After a salary of $75K, long term happiness increases are marginal or non-existent, short term increases in happiness do occur.
  • 15. Why measure happiness? Purpose of government & life Granularity and defining issues Capture the unobservable Perception of hurting or thriving A “guide societies toward desirable futures” in an experimenting society Inclusivity – you are the data
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  • 17. UK UK Office of Statistics
  • 18. “To those who say this sounds like a distraction from the serious business of government, I say finding out what will improve lives and acting on it is the serious business of government. "We'll continue to measure gross domestic product. But it is high time we admitted that, taken on its own, GDP is an incomplete way of measuring a country's progress.” – Prime Minister David Cameron
  • 19. The spread of happiness
  • 20. Surveyed 165,000 people between April 2011 and March 2012
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  • 22. Where Gross National Happiness Started - Bhutan
  • 23. Genesis of the Nine Domains of GNH Subjective and Objective indicators Equal Weighting of Domains
  • 24. What canB Shuubjteactniv’es aGnNd OHb jreectpivoer Itn d2ic0a1to0rs tell us? In the state of Gasa, people perceive themselves to have a similar standard of living to those in Thimphu while the per capita income is lower.
  • 25. State of Maryland USA Used by policy makers to determine priorities and see how sustainability and long term prosperity change over time.
  • 26. Superseding GDP with Objective indicators
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  • 28. State of Vermont USA GPI +
  • 30. Using the GNH Index Survey
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  • 38. Gross National Happiness - Material Wellbeing/Standard of Living - Work - Time Balance - Arts & Culture - Education - Environment - Affect (feelings) - Governance - Social Support - Community - Health - Satisfaction with Life - Psychological Wellbeing Domain icons by Joumana Medlej at majnouna.com
  • 39. Outreach Assessing Impact Leverage Points
  • 40. Material Well-being/Standard of Living In general, how much stress do you feel about your personal finances? Overwhelming stress High stress Moderate stress Low stress No stress at all
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  • 42. Time Balance In a typical week, how much of your time are you able to spend doing the kinds of things that you enjoy? None of my time Not much of my time Some of my time Most of my time All of my time
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  • 44. Sick Leave Ordinances City of San Francisco- Ch. 12W of SF Administrative Code in Paid Sick Leave Ordinance includes part time and temp workers City of Seattle ordinance 123698 – municipal code for paid sick leave and paid safe time
  • 45. Environment How satisfied with you are the efforts being made to preserve the natural environment in your neighborhood. Very dissatisfied Dissatisfied Neither Satisfied nor Dissatisfied Satisfied Very Satisfied
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  • 47. Wanted: Five to Seven Planets If everyone on Earth consumed at the same level of the U.S
  • 48. Bhutan’s Constitution: Preservation of the Natural Environment 60% natural habitat 40% development Bhutan’s Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) Policy of 2010 - encourages the development of an environmentally friendly, sustainable economy
  • 51. What you can do Take the GHN Index How Happy Are YOU? Find out Use the GNH Index for your project, city, community, campus or company happycounts.org Questions, comments, requests: info@happycounts.org
  • 52. EXTRA
  • 53. MMyy ppaatthh ttoo…… mom cottage industry director of sustainability mba lawyer happiness alliance UN sustainable seattle
  • 54. Too much and too long, we seem to have surrendered ccoommmmuunniittyy eexxcceelllleennccee aanndd ccoommmmuunniittyy vvaalluueess iinn tthhee mmeerree aaccccuummuullaattiioonn ooff mmaatteerriiaall tthhiinnggss.. OOuurr ggrroossss nnaattiioonnaall pprroodduucctt ...... iiff wwee sshhoouulldd jjuuddggee AAmmeerriiccaa bbyy tthhaatt -- ccoouunnttss aaiirr ppoolllluuttiioonn aanndd cciiggaarreettttee aaddvveerrttiissiinngg, aanndd aammbbuullaanncceess ttoo cclleeaarr oouurr hhiigghhwwaayyss ooff ccaarrnnaaggee.. IItt ccoouunnttss ssppeecciiaall lloocckkss ffoorr oouurr ddoooorrss aanndd tthhee jjaaiillss ffoorr tthhoossee wwhhoo bbrreeaakk tthheemm.. IItt ccoouunnttss tthhee ddeessttrruuccttiioonn ooff oouurr rreeddwwooooddss aanndd tthhee lloossss ooff oouurr nnaattuurraall wwoonnddeerr iinn cchhaaoottiicc sspprraawwll.. IItt ccoouunnttss nnaappaallmm aanndd tthhee ccoosstt ooff aa nnuucclleeaarr wwaarrhheeaadd, aanndd aarrmmoorreedd ccaarrss ffoorr ppoolliiccee wwhhoo ffiigghhtt rriioottss iinn oouurr ssttrreeeettss.. IItt ccoouunnttss WWhhiittmmaann''ss rriiffllee aanndd SSppeecckk''ss kknniiffee, aanndd tthhee tteelleevviissiioonn pprrooggrraammss wwhhiicchh gglloorriiffyy vviioolleennccee iinn oorrddeerr ttoo sseellll ttooyyss ttoo oouurr cchhiillddrreenn.. YYeett tthhee ggrroossss nnaattiioonnaall pprroodduucctt ddooeess nnoott aallllooww ffoorr tthhee hheeaalltthh ooff oouurr cchhiillddrreenn, tthhee qquuaalliittyy ooff tthheeiirr eedduuccaattiioonn, oorr tthhee jjooyy ooff tthheeiirr ppllaayy.. IItt ddooeess nnoott iinncclluuddee tthhee bbeeaauuttyy ooff oouurr ppooeettrryy oorr tthhee ssttrreennggtthh ooff oouurr mmaarrrriiaaggeess;; tthhee iinntteelllliiggeennccee ooff oouurr ppuubblliicc ddeebbaattee oorr tthhee iinntteeggrriittyy ooff oouurr ppuubblliicc ooffffiicciiaallss.. IItt mmeeaassuurreess nneeiitthheerr oouurr wwiitt nnoorr oouurr ccoouurraaggee;; nneeiitthheerr oouurr wwiissddoomm nnoorr oouurr lleeaarrnniinngg;; nneeiitthheerr oouurr ccoommppaassssiioonn nnoorr oouurr ddeevvoottiioonn ttoo oouurr ccoouunnttrryy;; iitt mmeeaassuurreess eevveerryytthhiinngg,, iinn sshhoorrtt,, eexxcceepptt tthhaatt wwhhiicchh mmaakkeess lliiffee wwoorrtthhwwhhiillee.. AAnndd iitt tteellllss uuss eevveerryytthhiinngg aabboouutt AAmmeerriiccaa eexxcceepptt wwhhyy wwee aarree pprroouudd tthhaatt wwee aarree AAmmeerriiccaannss.. -- RRoobbeerrtt KKeennnneeddyy

Hinweis der Redaktion

  1. Each star represents a community, city, campus or organization using the Gross National Happiness Index https://mapsengine.google.com/map/edit?hl=en&authuser=0&mid=z08bE1wsFGv8.kndei6Z12qkk
  2. Tell a story again: 17 year old king asked what are you going to do to improve your countries GDP? GNH is more important. Use a subjective and objective measures of wellbeing Guides countries poliecy decisions and alllocations of resorucs
  3. Domain Icons are available for use with attribution: http://www.slideshare.net/TheHappinessInitiative/the-domains-of-happiness-for-the-gross-national-happiness-index
  4. Tell a story here and let this slide stand by itself. “Now I want to tell you a story. Imagine tomorrow you woke up – and had a really bad day. You left the stove on, happened to burn the house or apartment complex down, on your way to work, you caused a terrible accident that killed three people – blood all over the street, a huge traffic jam – you get to work and your spouse calls you – he or she wants a divorce and promises its going to be long, messy and very expensive. YOU HAVE DONE GREAT THINGS FOR GDP today. Now let’s imagine another scenario: You wake up, it’s a weekend morning, you spend a leisurely morning picking fruit in the garden and making your loved ones breakfast, then you all go for a walk through the neighborhood- you do not go to the gym- and when you get home you decide to spend the afternoon talking, reading to each other and playing a board game – not going to the movies. YOU ARE MISERABLE - YOU HAVE DONE NOTHING FOR GDP. Robert Kennedy pointed out that our Gross National Product "measures everything except that which makes life worthwhile." Genuine Progress Indicator Cheat Sheet.   The goal of the Genuine Progress Indicator (GPI) is an alternative to the Gross Domestic Product . It accounts for health care. childcare, volunteering, income distribution,, safety, a clean environment, and other indicators of well-being.. The purpose of the GPI is to shift economic policy towards sustainability. It is used by governmental and non-governmental organizations worldwide. Because the GDP and the GPI are both measured in monetary terms, they can be compared on the same scale. Download report: The Genuine Progress Indicator 2006       The GPI starts with the same personal consumption data that the GDP is based on and maker some adjustments:ADD Housework, Volunteering, and Higher Education - GPI includes the value of this work figured at the approximate cost of hiring someone to do it. The GPI also takes into account the non-market benefits associated with a more educated population.   ADJUST Income Distribution - GPI rises when the poor receive a larger percentage of national income, and falls when their share decreases. Changes in Leisure Time - When leisure time increases, the GPI goes up; when Americans have less of it, the GPI goes down. Lifespan of Consumer Durables & Public Infrastructure - GPI treats the money spent on capital items as a cost, and the value of the service they provide year after year as a benefit for private capital items and to public infrastructure, such as highways.     SUBTRACT Resource Depletion GPI counts the depletion or degradation of wetlands, forests, farmland, and nonrenewable minerals (including oil) as a current cost. Pollution - GPI subtracts the costs of air and water pollution as measured by actual damage to human health and the environment. Long-Term Environmental Damage - GPI treats as costs the consumption of certain forms of energy and of ozone-depleting chemicals. It also assigns a cost to carbon emissions to account for the catastrophic economic, environmental, and social effects of global warming. Crime - GPI subtracts the costs arising from crime. Defensive Expenditures - GPI counts defensive expenditures as costs rather than as benefits. Dependence on Foreign Assets - GPI counts net additions to the capital stock as contributions to well-being, and treats money borrowed from abroad as reductions. If the borrowed money is used for investment, the negative effects are canceled out. But if the borrowed money is used to finance consumption, the GPI declines.  
  5. source for Layard (2005) graph is his book Happinesss: Lessons From A New Science also find here http://cep.lse.ac.uk/events/lectures/layard/RL030303.pdf and a piece on Layard himself http://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2008/jun/24/healthandwellbeing.schools
  6. Source: http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2010/12/08/1015962107.full.pdf+html an article and source for photo http://www.vancouversun.com/business/Douglas+Todd+happier+poor+rich/9509671/story.html
  7. From Wellbeing for Public Policy, Diener, Heliwell et all Social Indicators Research   >   Vol. 58, No. 1/3, Jun., 2002   >   Why Social Policy Nees Subjective Indicators, Ruut Veenhoven
  8. http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/prime-minister-unveils-happiness-index-2143950.html http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-18966729
  9. http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/HTMLDocs/dvc146/wrapper.html
  10. view data at http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/HTMLDocs/dvc124/wrapper.html
  11. http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/HTMLDocs/dvc124/wrapper.html All interactive data: http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/interactive/index.htm
  12. http://www.grossnationalhappiness.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/Short-GNH-Index-edited.pdf
  13. http://www.dnr.maryland.gov/mdgpi
  14. http://english.people.com.cn/90001/90776/90882/7304883.html
  15. http://english.people.com.cn/90001/90776/90882/7304883.html
  16. Name of City, Campus or Organization) Happiness Proclamation   WHEREAS, The Declaration of Independence states that we are endowed with “unalienable rights… among these are life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness” and the happiness, or well-being, of citizens is of utmost importance to the ( ); and   WHEREAS The United Nation’s resolution adopted July 19, 2011 “Happiness: towards a holistic approach to development” recognizes “that the gross domestic product indicator by nature was not designed to and does not adequately reflect the happiness and well-being of people in a country” and encourages “additional measures that better capture the importance of the pursuit of happiness and well-being”;   WHEREAS, ( ) understands that “…the welfare of a nation can scarcely be inferred from a measure of national income,” as stated by Simon Kuznets, who created the standard that became GDP;   WHEREAS The idea of measuring people’s happiness or satisfaction with the way their lives are going is an important tool that will help to create a just, sustainable and resilient society;   WHEREAS ( ) understands the importance of creating a broad assessment of the happiness of its (residents) (student body);  WHEREAS The Happiness Initiative’s Gross National Happiness Index provide valuable data and information about the well-being and happiness of our (city) (campus); and   WHEREAS, ( ) is known for its leadership and innovation in the continuing effort to promote the happiness of all peoples; and   WHEREAS, The ( ) acknowledge our role and responsibility for the happiness and well-being of our community;   NOW, THEREFORE, be it proclaimed by the ( )   The ( ) supports the concept of wider measures of well-being to guide public policy and allocation of resources.   The ( ) encourages people and organizations to participate in The Gross National Happiness Index and encourages efforts to conduct a random sampling of our population to ensure representation of the population.    The ( ) is looking forward to seeing the results of the Gross National Happiness Index.   The ( ) encourages the commencement of local town meetings in town halls, community centers, and other public gathering spaces in neighborhoods, where our community revitalizes and reframes the debate and provokes richer broader conversation on a local and national level about subjective and objective metrics.   The ( ) intends to consult the available Gross National Happiness Index data and reports on the issues and ideas raised our community at the town meetings and other activities exploring happiness and well-being.   The ( ) will participate in the town meetings and support activities as is feasible to foster the exploration and conversation about happiness and well-being.     Signed on this day ______________________ at ________________________  
  17. Domain Icons are available for use with attribution: http://www.slideshare.net/TheHappinessInitiative/the-domains-of-happiness-for-the-gross-national-happiness-index
  18. Global Footprint network http://www.footprintnetwork.org/en/index.php/GFN/page/footprint_for_nations/
  19. Source: Inerviiew the John de Graaf
  20. A story: Every movement, organization and effort needs a story. One way to address this is to tell your own story. You can also tell the story depicting need or impact, but often addressing people on a personal level helps kick off a talk and gets people engaged if they can relate to you. Who is here: If you have time, get each person to say their name. If not enough time (the usual), some options: - have people introduce themselves to their neighbors ask for hands up or stand up for sectors- government, education, business, not-for-profit, etc. - ask people to stand up of they represent certain sectors or interest. Some do this so everyone ends up standing up to demonstrate a sense of connection and community
  21. This is a long quote, but if you have time, worth it. You can have someone from the audience read it. You can see the speech here http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_detailpage&v=z7-G3PC_868#t=967s