State of Telework in the U.S. (2011)
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Telework: The Who, What, Where & Why Not: A webinar based on the Telework Research Network's U.S., U.K., and Canadian telework studies: - How many employees telework/telecommute? - What jobs do they hold? - Where do they work? - How does telework participation differ in the US, UK, and Canada? - Is telework growing? How quickly? Has the recession had an impact? - How much is telework really likely to grow? - How does participation differ by industry, geography, income, and other factors? - What's driving telework in different countries? - What are the real obstacles? - What's needed to overcome the obstacles to telework?
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State of Telework in the U.S. (2011)
- 1. Telework: Who, What, Where & Why Not? ! Kate Lister, Tom Harnish Based on The State of Telework, a whitepaper sponsored by New Ways of Working ! © 2011 Telework Research Network, all rights reserved
- 2. Telework Research Network Research cited in dozens of publications © 2011 Telework Research Network, all rights reserved
- 3. VARIABLES ✓ Total # of employees ✓ % Reduction in absences ✓ Current # of Teleworkers ✓ % turnover ✓ Days/week of telework ✓ % Retention ✓ Additional teleworkers ✓ Productivity ✓ Roundtrip miles to work ✓ Average annual earnings ✓ Roundtrip commute time ✓ Other company savings ✓ Other employee Savings ✓ % Who could work at home ✓ $/gallon of gas ✓ % Who want to telework ✓ % teleworker offices that ✓ % Daily travel reduction are eliminated ✓ Parking, Food, Clothes ✓ Cost/kWh of electricity ✓ Other Individual Savings ✓ Cost/office ✓ Day Care Costs ✓ Cost of losing an employee ! ✓ Cost of absences © 2011 Telework Research Network, all rights reserved
- 4. How Many? Ø Is it 3 million? Ø Is it 16 million? Ø Is it 35 or 70 million? © 2011 Telework Research Network, all rights reserved
- 5. Who Do You Count? Ø After Hours Work? Ø Plumber? Ø Home Business? Ø Unpaid Family? Ø Road Warrior? Ø Ad Hoc? © 2011 Telework Research Network, all rights reserved
- 6. Who Cares? Ø Government Leaders Ø Business Leaders © 2011 Telework Research Network, all rights reserved
- 7. Growth 30% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 -5% -10% US Workforce WAH Self Emp WAH Five Year Growth (American Community Survey PUMS Data) U.S. Workforce (non WAH, Non-Self) +4.3% (117M to 122M) Self Emp (non WAH) -3.4% (14.1M to 13.6M) Work at Home Emps (WAH) +61.1% (1.8M to 2.9M) © 2011 Telework Research Network, all rights reserved
- 8. WAH BY Class of Worker
- 9. Who Do They Work For? WAH as a % of Workforce 2.2M U.S. 2.3% U.K. 4.9% Canada 3.0% © 2011 Telework Research Network, all rights reserved
- 10. Year Over Year Changes in Total and WAH by Employer Type ALL 2006 2007 2008 2009 Private For-Profit 4.39% 0.48% 3.47% -4.85% Private Non-Profit 3.60% 2.41% 8.52% 0.35% Local government -0.32% 0.35% 5.56% -3.06% State government 6.84% 3.59% 4.25% 0.70% Federal government 8.17% 0.53% 3.43% 1.23% WAH Private For-Profit 16.65% 9.62% 15.06% 3.04% Private Non-Profit 37.68% 3.94% 10.35% 9.07% Local government 10.12% 8.79% 17.48% 8.93% State government 38.42% 12.53% 13.83% 5.76% Federal government 433.64% -8.86% 7.23% -2.77%
- 11. WAH By Industry Agriculture, forestry, fishng and hunting Mining Utilities Construction Manufacturing Wholesale trade Retail trade Transportation and warehousing Information Finance and insurance Real Estate Rental and leasing Arts, entertainment, and recreation Professional, scientific, and technical services Management of companies and enterprises Administrative and support Waste Management Educational services Health care and social assistance Arts, entertainment, and recreation Services Military Net Difference -6% -4% -2% 0% 2% 4% 6% 8% Less WAH Than General Pop More WAH Than General Pop © 2011 Telework Research Network, all rights reserved
- 12. WAH By Occupation © 2011 Telework Research Network, all rights reserved
- 13. How Old? © 2011 Telework Research Network, all rights reserved
- 14. Education © 2011 Telework Research Network, all rights reserved
- 15. How Much Do They Make? © 2011 Telework Research Network, all rights reserved
- 16. Where Do They Do It? © 2011 Telework Research Network, all rights reserved
- 17. Where Trend
- 18. Regions Highest % WAH San Diego CA: 4.2% Greatest Growth Atlanta GA: 3.4% San Fran. CA: 3.1% Lowest % WAH Riverside CA: 25x Seattle WA: 3% Tampa FL: 18x Salinas CA: 18x Detroit MI: 1.8% Chicago IL: 14x Houston TX: 1.8% New York NY: 2.1% © 2011 Telework Research Network, all rights reserved
- 19. The 5% ‘Privilege’ Number of Employees Union vs. Non-Union Blue Collar vs. White Collar 100+ < 100 Union Non-Union Blue White 7% 4% 1% 5% 2% 6% Occupation Management, Natural Resources, Production, Professional & Construction & Transp., and Related Service Sales & Office Maintenance Material Moving 5% 4% 13% 9% 5% Income Percentile Lowest 25 Wage Second 25 Third 25 Highest 25 Percentile Percentile Percentile Percentile 1% 3% 6% 12% Source: BLS 2010 Annual Compensation Survey © 2011 Telework Research Network, all rights reserved
- 20. Training Source: WorldatWork 2011 Telework Report
- 21. US Telework Potential % of 2009 Non-Self Employed Population Sources: WorldatWork, Telework Research Network Could, wants to, but doesn’t 25% Incompatible 49% WAH 1x mo 13% WAH 3-5x week 2% Doesn’t want to 11% © 2011 Telework Research Network, all rights reserved
- 22. Who Could? 19.0! 15.7 ! 12.7! 7.2! 6.7 ! .9! .9 ! .7 ! © 2011 Telework Research Network, all rights reserved
- 23. Let’s Pretend They Did? Annual Savings with Half Time Telework Company Savings Assumption Per Person U.S. Real Estate 20% $3.4 K $170 B Productivity 25% $9.2 K $467 B Absenteeism / Turnover 25% / 10% $.5 K $27 B Total Company $13.1 K $663 B Employee Savings Per Person Time 2 to 3 workweeks Money $2K to $6.8K Community Savings Total Greenhouse Gases 9.3 million cars Oil 46% Persian Gulf Imports Value of Oil Saved $28 B
- 24. And Why the &^%! Not? Can you spell ‘t-r-u-s-t’? © 2011 Telework Research Network, all rights reserved
- 25. And Why the &^%! Not? Top Barriers to Telework! Management Resistance! Job Incompatibility! 38%! 62%! Source: WorldatWork 2011 Telework Report Telework Research Network
- 26. So, let’s talk
- 27. Inquiring Minds Want to Know: 1. Can Gartner, Forrester, and the others be wrong or is it me? 2. Have we reached a tipping point or the point of diminishing returns? 3. What might change the pace of growth? 4. What might slow it up? 5. What can industry, government, employees, advocacy groups do to influence adoption? 6. What are the national / cultural differences in motivations? Acceptance? 7. Technology—Are we really there? 8. Is there an optimal telework frequency? © 2011 Telework Research Network, all rights reserved
- 28. Your thoughts? © 2011 Telework Research Network, all rights reserved
- 29. 2. Can Gartner, Forrester, and the others be wrong? Or is it me? § Are we going to see the majority of the workforce working at home by 2014? 2015? So when? © 2011 Telework Research Network, all rights reserved
- 30. 3. Have we reached a tipping point or the point of diminishing returns? § Best and brightest § Privilege vs. business strategy § I want what she’s having § ??? © 2011 Telework Research Network, all rights reserved
- 31. 4. What might change the pace of growth? § Pandemic § Disaster § Labor / Talent Shortages § Recession § National Policy § Openness § ??? © 2011 Telework Research Network, all rights reserved
- 32. 5. What might slow it up? § Good economy § ??? §
- 33. 6. How might we influence it? § Adopt EU Policy § DOT / EPA / COOP / DOL / DOE / CDC / ADA / NSA / DOD § SBA (Assistance, Loans, Web, SBIR) § Tax Incentives § Census / ACS § Telecommuter Tax Fairness § IRS – Home Office § Zoning, OSHA, ERISA, FSLA (State and Federal) § Fund H.R. 1722
- 34. 7. What are the national / cultural differences in motivations? acceptance? § House size § Working hours § Education § Workforce Migration § Unemployment Examples: § Gov’t Mandates Prince Edward Island, Africa, Ireland, § ??? China, Islam, Canada, UK Others?
- 35. 8. Technology—Are we really there? § Can you hear me now? § Collaboration crashes § Video—be very afraid § Energy in the room § Visual feedback (not just video) § 2-3 screens vs. iPhone / iPad § True collaboration § Cost § ???
- 36. 9. Is there an optimal number of telework frequency? § Diminishing value vs. benefits? § ??