Jony Sugianto is a Research Engineer at Detikcom, an online news and article website based in Indonesia. This slide was shared on TIA DevTalk: "How to Not Fail in Database” on 18 February 2016. TIA DevTalk is a monthly event of TIA Dev Community-- a community for all developers and/ or engineer to create collaborative things that advanced the tech community and ecosystem. Get updates about our dev events delivered straight to your inbox by signing up here: http://bit.ly/tia-dev ! Be the first to know when new information is available!

1. Architecting Database
Jony Sugianto, Research Engineer, Detikcom
jonysugianto@gmail.com

2. Design Database System
● Complexity
- Database model
● Volume
- Sharding
● Traffic read/write
- Replication

3. Database Model
● Key-values Stores
● Document Databases
● Relational Databases
● Graph Databases

4. Key-values Stores
● A Key-Values Stores is a simple Hash table
● Where all the accesses to the Stores via primary keys
● A client can:
- Get the value for a key
- Put a value for a key
- Delete a key from the Stores
● Keys and Values can be complex compound objects and sometime
lists, maps or other data structures
● Key-value data access enable high performance
● Easy to distribute across cluster

5. Key-Value Example

6. Key-Values: Cons
● No complex query filters
● All joins must be done in code
● No foreign key constraints
● Poor for interconnected data

7. Key-Values Stores Implementation
● Memory based
- Memcached
- Redis
● Memory and Disk based
- MapDB
- Diskv
●
Database System
- Dynamo DB
- Aerospike

8. Document Databases
● Documents are the main concept
● Documents are:
-self-describing
-Hierarchical tree data structures(map. List, scalar-values)
{
name:ade,
usia:20,
alamat:depok
}
{
name:wahyu,
usia:30,
pekerjaan:dosen
}

9. Document Databases

10. Document Databases:Pros and Cons
● Pros:
- Simple model
- Built in Map-reduce ?
- Scalable
● Cons:
- Poor for interconnected data

11. Document Database Implementation
● MongoDB
● CouchDB
● Etc.

12. Relational Database
● Most popular Database system
● The model is based on tables, rows and columns and the
manipulation of data stored within
● Relational database is a collection of these tables

13. Relational Model

14. Relational Database Pros/Cons
● Pros
- simple, well-establish, standard approach
- maps well to data with consistent structure
- has extensive join capabilities
● Cons
- hard to scale
- does not map well to semi-structured data
- knowledge of the database structure is required to create
queries

15. Relational Database Implementation
● Postgres
● Mysql
● sqllite

16. Graph Database
● Relation as first class citizen
● Very old fundamental theory (1700)
● huge amount of graph algorithm existing

17. Graph Database

18. Graph Model

19. Key Value to Graph

20. Document to Graph

21. Relational to Graph

22. Graph Database Pros/Cons
● Pros
- powerful data model
- easy to query(relation as pointer to object)
- map well to semi-structured data
- can easily evolve schema
● Cons
- hard to scale
- lacks of tool and framework support
- requires new art of problem solving

23. Graph Database implementation
● JgraphT(library)
● JUNG(library)
● Neo4J
● HyergraphDB
● OrientDB

24. Sharding and Replication
● Handle huge amount of data
● Handle high traffic read/write data

25. What is Sharding?
● Sharding is NOT Master/Slave Database
● Sharding is NOT Replication
● Sharding is NOT Clustering
● Sharding is Splitting data across databases
● Splitted Data share nothing
● Important issues sharding key

26. Sharding
Database Shard ShardShard
Aggregation

27. Sharding Implementation
● Application site
● Middleware site
- Vitess
- Gizzard
● Server site
- MongoDB

28. Replication
● Creating and maintaining multiple copies of the same
databases
● Improve:
- reliability
- fault-tolerance
- accessibility
● Important issues strategy of synchronizing data between
database replicas

29. Replication

30. Scalability, Complexity and Database
Model
Scalability
Complexity
Key-Values Stores
Document Database
Relational Database
Graph Database

31. Questions?