Constitutional and political crisis in Pakistan (1947-56) Constitutional and political crisis in Pakistan (1957-72) Constitutional and political crisis in Pakistan (1973-88) Constitutional and political crisis in Pakistan (1989-2000) Constitutional and political crisis in Pakistan(2001-2014)

1. CONSTITUTIONAL AND POLITICAL CRISIS
Constitutional and political crisis in Pakistan (1947-56)
 Constitutional and political crisis in Pakistan (1957-72)
 Constitutional and political crisis in Pakistan (1973-88)
 Constitutional and political crisis in Pakistan (1989-2000)
 Constitutional and political crisis in Pakistan(2001-2014)

2. CONSTITUTIONAL AND POLITICAL
CRISIS IN PAKISTAN (1947-56)
Constitution:
A body of fundamental principles or established precedents according to which a state or
other organization is acknowledged to be governed.

3. ROLE OF LIAQAT ALI KHAN
 Liaqat Ali Khan did the
groundbreaking work for the Foreign
Policy of Pakistan while taking
initiatives towards the formulation of
the constitution. He presentedThe
Objectives Resolution, a prelude to
future constitutions, in the Legislative
Assembly

4. OBJECTIVES RESOLUTION (1949)
 Objectives Resolution is one of the most important documents in the
constitutional history of Pakistan. It was passed by the first Constituent Assembly
on 12th March 1949 under the leadership of Liaquat Ali Khan.

5. ROLE OF SIR KHAWAJA NAZIM UD DIN
(1951-53)
 Took office: 17 October 1951
Left office: 17 April 1953
Status: Elected democratically
Political Party: Muslim League
Total Duration: 01Years 4 months.
He was the member of Muslim league.The Bengali Language
Movement, a political movement, rose in East Bengal during
his term.

6. ROLE OF MOHAMMAD ALI BOGRA (1953-55)
 Took office: 17 April 1953
Left office: 12 August 1955
Status: Elected democratically
Political Party: Muslim League
Total Duration: 2Years, 2 Months, 26
Days.
.He was a member of Muslim league. He introduced a form of
constitution, bicameral legislature, known as "Bogra Formula

7. ROLE OF CHAUDRY MOHAMMAD ALI (1955-
56)
 Took office: 17 April 1953
Left office: 12 August 1955
Status: Elected democratically
Political Party: Muslim League
Total Duration: 2Years, 2 Months, 26
Days
Achievements / Major events.
He was also from Muslim league. His greatest achievement
was the formation of a new constitution for Pakistan

8. ROLE OF HUSEYN SHAHEED
SUHRAWERDY(1956-57)
 Took office: 17 April 1953
Left office: 12 August 1955
Status: Elected democratically
Political Party: Muslim League
Total Duration: 2Years, 2 Months, 26
Days
Achievements / Major events.
Suhrawardy established the Pakistan Atomic Energy
Commission

9. CONSTITUTION OF 1956
 Constitution of 1956 sought to incorporate the principles of Islam, by naming the
country the Islamic Republic of Pakistan and mentioning the sovereignty of God in
the preamble, and described a complicated federation, signifying an elaborate
relationship between the centre and the provinces and giving a special place to
the fundamental rights of the citizens or more commonly known as a ‘bill of
rights’. Parliamentary form of government was decided with a unicameral
legislature, 300 seats of the National Assembly divided equally between both
wings of the state and the members were elected on the basis of adult franchise.
Judiciary was to remain independent.

10. CRITICAL ANALYSIS
 Despite the fact that it was adopted after nine years of hard labor, the
Constitution was not without its faults.These faults were sidelined at the time of
its adoption but they soon resurfaced due to the politically unstable environment.

11. POLITICAL AND CONSTITUTIONAL
CRISES 1957 TO 1971

12. MARTIAL LAW..
The constitutions were abolished ,
ministers were dismissed, central and
provisional assemblies were dissolved
all the political activities were
banned.

13. SIKANDAR MIRZA, 1958
1ST MARTIAL LAW
Oct 7 1958 sikander mirza abolished
the constitution and declared the
martial law in the country ,, this was
the first of many military regimes to
the Pakistan's history

14. AYUB KHAN, 1958
He was a field martial. In 1960 he became the
president of Pakistan and got the mandate to give
Pakistan a constitution of his choice.

15. CONSTITUTION OF 1962
1. Written constitution
2. Rigid constitution
3. Federal system
4. Presidential form of government
5. Unicameral legislature
6. Powers of president
7. Interact method of election
8. Provisional government
9. Islamic law
10. Fundamental rights
11. Role of judiciary
12. Rights of minorities

16. 1965 INDO PAK WAR

17. PPP,PAKISTAN PEOPLES PARTY,1967

18. ZULFIQAR ALI BHUTTO’S MOTO..
Islam is our faith, democracy
is our policy, socialism is our
economy all powers to the
people

19. 2ND MARTIAL LAW, 1969
BY YAHYA KHAN
Ayub khan resigned and handed
government over to general yahya khan

20. GENERAL ELECTIONS 1970
It goes to the credit of yahya
khan that the first general
elections in the history of
Pakistan were held during his
regime

21. RESULTS OF GENERAL ELECTIONS
The two major winners were
Ppp
 AL

22. SEPERATION OF BENGAL, 1971
Because of the crises of the general
elections
East Pakistan always complained
that they receive less development
funds and less attention from the
west pakistan

23. POLITICAL AND CONSTITUTIONAL CRISES
(1973-1988)
 Proposed by: The 1973 constitution has proved to be a great milestone
in the history of Pakistan. Z.A Bhutto who was a nationalist and socialist
leader of Pakistan, proposed this constitution
 Silent features:
1.Parliamentary system.
2.President elected by parliament and provincial assembly.
3.Parliament with 2 houses (upper house called senate and lower house
called national assembly).

24. 4.a federal system.
5.fundamental rights to the nation.
6. Islamic provisions.
7.Urdu declared as national language.
8. independent judiciary and it was also proposed that constitution is
rigid.

25. GOVERNMENTS INVOLVED INTHE GIVEN
ERA
Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto: (1928-1979) :
 He took office in 1971.
 Resigned to become prime minister in 1973.
Choudhry Fazal Illahi: (1904-1982)
 He took office in august 1973.
 was a constitutional president.
 He left office in September 1978.

26. M. Zia-ul-haq: (1924-1988)
 He took de facto control over the country by
leading coup d’état.
 He took office in 1977.
 GDP growth was the highest in history.
 He was the only ruler who died in an office.
 Killed in a plane crash.

27. Ghulam Ishaq khan: (1915-2006)
 He took office in august 1988.
 He was also elected democratly.
 He left office in July 1993.
Benazir Bhutto: (1953-2007)
 In a male-dominated, Islamic society, she rose to become her slain father's political successor.
 Twice getting elected as Prime Minister of
Pakistan.
 served as the 11th Prime Minister of
Pakistan for two non-consecutive terms
from 1988 to 1990 and then from 1993 to 1996.

28. WHAT IS MEANT BY “AMENDMENT”:
 The Constitution works as the basic law of a country.
 However the Parliament may make amendments in special circumstances if the
need arises.
 Amendment to the Constitution is therefore considered a democratic
parliamentary function.
 Constitution has been amended not only by democratically elected parliaments
but also by military dictatorships although these amendments were later ratified
by the elected parliaments.
 It was amended eight times during Bhutto regime.
 Later on many amendments were made according to the prevailing situations.
 Over all 20 such amendments are made till today.

29. THE AMENDMENTS MADE.
Few of the amendments made are as follows
 Defined a Muslim and declared the status of Ahmadis as minority
and 'non-Muslim'.
 Changed Pakistan's government from a Parliamentary system to a
Semi-presidential system by giving the President a number of
additional powers
 Revision of the reserved seats for women in the National and the
provincial assemblies.The bill was withdrawn in 1992.

30.  Stripped the President of Pakistan of his reserve power to dissolve the
National Assembly of Pakistan, and thereby triggering new elections
and dismissin
 Made changes dealing with the office of the President and the reversal
of the effects of theThirteenth Amendment
 For Free and Fair Elections

31. CRITICAL ANALYSIS
 From her birth till today Pakistan has seen many ups and downs. It has tasted
both democracy as well as marshal law but still it cannot be predicted that which
taste was better, because both of these ruling methodologies have some flaws as
well as plus points.
 The 1973 constitution is the main constitution of the Pakistan which is still in
practice.This constitution has undergone many amendments, which were made
according to the prevailing situations and needs.

32. 17 AUGUST 1988:
In 17TH AUGUST 1988 GENERAL ZIA was killed in
a C-130 plane crash in Bhawalpur, along with five
senior Generals and the American Ambassador.

33. AFTERTHE DEATH OF ZIA, GHULAM ISHAQ
KHAN BECAMETHE PRESIDENT..
Ghulam Ishaq Khan appointed Benazir Bhutto as Prime
Minister of Pakistan on the condition that she would
offer full support to him in the forthcoming presidential
elections.

34. 6TH AUGUST 1990.
on August 6, 1990, when the President dissolved the
NationalAssembly and Benazir Bhutto was dismissed
from power.

35. 24TH OCT 1990.
on October 24, 1990. President Ghulam Ishaq Khan
appointed Ghulam Mustafa Jatoi as the caretaker Prime
Minister.

36. AMMENDMENT IN CONSTITUTION..
Constitutional Amendments made by the R. C.
O(Revival of Constitution). and the Eighth
Amendment, that had given the President a great
deal of power..

37. 1ST NOVEMBER 1990..
Mian Muhammad Nawaz Sharif was elected as Prime
Minister on November 1, 1990. Nawaz Sharif's
Government remained in power till April 19, 1993.

38. 18TH JULY 1993.
resignation of both President Ghulam Ishaq Khan and
Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif on July 18, 1993. . The
National and Provincial Assemblies were also dissolved.
Moin Qureshi was appointed as the caretaker Prime
Minister, and Ghulam Ishaq Khan was appointed the
caretaker President.

39. 19TH APRAIL 1993..
Nawaz Sharif's Government remained in power
till April 19, 1993. President Ghulam Ishaq Khan
again dissolved the National Assembly, exercising
his power once again through the Eighth
Amendment, and appointed Mir Balakh Sher
Khan Mazari as the caretaker Prime Minister

40. 18TH JULY 1993..
the resignation of both President Ghulam
Ishaq Khan and Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif
on July 18, 1993.

41. MOIN QURESHI..
Moin Qureshi, a topWorld Bank official, was
appointed as the Caretaker Prime Minister
and Ghulam Ishaq Khan was appointed as
the caretaker President.

42. 19TH OCT 1993..
. Benazir Bhutto took oath as Prime
Minister on October 19, 1993.

43. 13TH NOV 1993..
 . On November 13, 1993, Sardar Farooq
Leghari was appointed as the President of
Pakistan for a term of five years.

44. 18 FEB 1997..
Mian Nawaz Sharif was re-elected as Prime Minister. He
obtained a vote of confidence from the National
Assembly on February 18, 1997.

45. AMENDMENTS IN CONSTITUTION BY MIAN
NAWAZ SHERIFF..
EIGHTH AMENDMENT
THIRTEENTH AMMENDMENT
EHTISAB ACT…

46. 7TH OCT 1998
 . General Karamat was replaced by General Pervez Musharraf.

47. 1ST JAN 1998..
Muhammad RafiqTarar, a former Judge of the Supreme
Court and a Senator, was elected as the ninth President
of Pakistan. He took oath to his office on January 1,
1998.The office of the President had become vacant
after the resignation of President Leghari on December
2, 1997

48. 28TH MAY 1998,
On May 28, 1998, Pakistan became a nuclear
power when it successfully carried out five
nuclear tests at Chaghi, in the province of
Baluchistan.

49. THE KARGIL OFFENSIVE 1999,
On May 26, 1999, India resorted to air strikes to drive
out the freedom fighters. During this episode, two
Indian aircraft entered the territory of Pakistan, one of
which was shot down.

50. 12TH OCT 1999..
Pakistan again came under
the military rule, by Pervaiz
Musharaff…

51. PERVEZ MUSHARRAF
20 june 2001 -18 august 2008
status:military dictator
duration: 7years,1month and 29 days

52. BENAZIR BHUTTO MURDER
killed on 27 december 2007
at liaqat bagh
during the rally
by unknown people

53. MUHAMMAD MIAN SOOMRO
18 august 2008-9 september 2008
status: acting
duration:22 days

54. ASIF ALI ZARDARI
9 september 2008-8 september 2013
status:elected democratically
duration:5 years

55. SALMAN TASEER KILLED
on 4 january 2011
in islamabad
by:mumtaz qadri
status:26th governor of punjab

56. 18TH AMENDMENT
PASSEDON:8APRIL 2010
CHANGES: REMOVEDTHE PRESIDENT POWERTO PARIIAMENT UNILATERALLY

57. 19TH AMENDMENT
passed on :22 december 2010
changes: appointment for judges of supreme court
amendments in number of appointment to parlimentary committee

58. 20TH AMENDMENT
PASSEDON:14 FEBRAURY 2012
CHANGES:FOR FREE AND FAIR ELECTIONS

59. 17TH AMENDMENT
passed on: december 2003
changes in president office
and reversal affect of thirteen amendments

60. MAMNOON HUSSAIN
elected on 9th september 2013
status:elected democratically

61. THE END………
THANKYOU….