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QS World University Rankings®
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2011 REPORT

www.qs.com QS World University Rankings 2011 3
Welcometo the 2011 QS World University Rankings®
Report
The 2011 QS World University Rank-
ings® have been compiled following
the most wide-ranging surveys of their kind
ever conducted. Universities are complex, and
numbers alone do not tell the whole story.The
views of the most informed stakeholders form
a key counterbalance to data on citations and
teaching resources.
Yet in order to harness these views effective-
ly, they must be drawn from a truly representa-
tive global sample.To this end, QS has dramati-
cally increased the scope of its surveys in 2011.
For this year’s rankings we have drawn on the
views of over 33,000 academics and 16,000
graduate employers from around the globe.
Despite the expanded sample size, this year’s
rankings are notable above all for their stability.
The QS methodology has remained unchanged
since 2005 (the year the employer review was
introduced), allowing for valid year-on-year
comparisons.The line-up of the top 50 differs
by just two institutions from that of 2010,
while there was a turnover of just five in the
top 100.
Changes to the international balance of
power can be traced over the last few years, but
as the rankings have matured they have largely
balanced receptiveness to genuine change with
resistance to artificial volatility.This year’s rank-
ings therefore offer valuable insights into the
state of international higher education.
The 2011 QS World University Rankings®
give a clear illustration of the link between
investment and results in higher education. In
particular, those countries that have injected
funds into their leading universities are begin-
ning to see an impact. China is the classic
example, with Peking and Tsinghua universities
leading an overall rise in the positions of those
institutions that have benefited from a series of
huge funding programmes.
Japan, South Korea and Germany are among
the other countries to have channelled extra
support into a limited number of universities
judged capable of international excellence.All
have seen significant rises in the rankings by at
least some of the beneficiaries, while countries
that have cut funding for higher education
have seen a gradual decline in the international
standing of their universities.
In the United States, which remains the
dominant force in global higher education,
the leading universities are sufficiently wealthy
to ride out a drop in their endowments. But
state universities have suffered big budget cuts
and several have been overtaken in the latest
rankings.The United Kingdom, which again
provides the leading university – Cambridge -
is yet to feel the full force of higher education
budget cuts.
Expansion in global participation means
many students are paying more than ever
before for their education, and university
rankings are an increasingly important source
of independent comparative information.And
with universities from a remarkable 73 nations
featuring in the rankings this year, for the
rapidly growing number of students consider-
ing international study the range of options has
never been wider.
John O’Leary
John O’Leary is the Editor of the
Times Good University Guide
and a member of the
QS Academic Advisory Board
Danny Byrne
Danny Byrne is the Editor of
TopUniversities.com

4 QS World University Rankings 2011 www.qs.com
Diverse Top 500 shows
benefits of sustained
investment
With more countries than ever represented, this year’s rankings reflect
global investment in higher education, says John O’Leary
The latest
rankings
demonstrate
the link between
sustained
investment
and academic
strength.
When Cambridge topped the QS World
University Rankings® for the first
time last year, some commentators thought
it a one-off interruption to Harvard’s global
supremacy. But Cambridge shows today that
its pre-eminence was no fluke by retaining the
leadership in the 2011 rankings.
Harvard has closed the gap fractionally on
Cambridge, but the decline in staffing levels
that cost it top place in 2010 has not been
reversed.Although it dominated the series of
subject rankings published by QS in recent
months, it remains second in the world overall.
Almost 3,000 institutions were included in
the research that produced the latest rankings
and a record 712 feature in the results.The
outcome shows the increasingly competitive
nature of global higher education, with 32
countries represented in the top 200, three
more than last year.
While the United States remains the
superpower of the university world, occupying
13 of the top 20 places and more than 50 of
the top 200, the leading universities of Europe
and Asia are making up ground.The United
Kingdom has cemented its place as the nearest
challenger, taking the other seven places in the
top 20, including four of the top ten.
The latest rankings demonstrate the link
between sustained investment and academic
strength.They deliberately to do not measure
institutional wealth, but the results show the
benefits of sharply increased funding in several
countries and the impact of cuts elsewhere.
China, for example, which has seen the world’s
biggest investment programme in higher
education over the past decade, has more
universities in the ranking than ever before.
Nearly all of them have improved their
positions since 2010.
Several of the German universities selected
for extra funding under the government’s
Excellence Initiative have also risen in the
rankings. In the US, however, where budget
cuts and falls in endowment have led to staffing
reductions in state and private universities, the
result has been an overall decline in ranking
positions.While most of the top performers
have maintained or even improved their
placings, some of those outside the top 50
have been overtaken.
Budget cuts cost the University of
California, Berkeley, a place in the top 20.
While both academics and employers placed it
in the top four, its staffing levels did not match
those in the top 300 universities.
The American malaise has not affected the
performance of the Massachusetts Institute of
Technology, which was ninth only two years
ago but has moved up another two places to
third, overtakingYale University. Oxford has
moved up to fifth in the world, just ahead of
Imperial College London and University
College London, which has dropped three
places to seventh.
This year’s rankings draw on the biggest-ever
surveys of academic and employer opinion re-
garding the world’s top universities. More than
33,000 academics from 141 countries had their
say on the leading institutions in their field,
while the employer survey saw even stronger
growth in participation, with 16,785 responses
coming from more than 130 countries.
Both groups placed Harvard top, but
Cambridge’s superiority on other indicators
gave it the overall lead.As in previous years,
universities were rated on the number of cita-
tions per faculty member and the proportion
of international academics and students, as well
as staffing levels and academic and employer
opinion. Researchers at the California Institute
of Technology continue to be the world’s most
cited, but a sharp decline in the institute’s
employer rating has restricted it to twelfth
place this year.
The QS rankings, which were first published
in 2004 and are the most widely-read of the
international comparisons of higher education
institutions, have become an important
measure of progress for universities because of
their stability.The average change in position
among the top 50 universities is less than
three places, while among the top 100 it is less
than six places (down from more than seven
in 2010).
However, this has not prevented new names
from making their mark. Five universities have
entered the top 100 this year and there are ten
new entries to the top 200.Among them are
UNAM, from Mexico, and Sao Paolo, from
Brazil, leading a much stronger representation
from Latin America, while King Saud Univer-
sity, in Saudi Arabia, is the standard bearer for
an improved showing in the Middle East.
The top Continental European university,
at 18th, is ETH Zurich, one of a number of
technological universities to shine in this year’s
rankings. However, McGill University, in Mon-
treal, has overtaken it to become the highest-
placed university outside the US and UK.
Leading Asian institutions continue their
progress up the rankings, with the University of

Hong Kong, the highest-placed just outside the
top 20. It is one of three Hong Kong universi-
ties in the top 40. Japan continues to have Asia’s
biggest representation in the top 200, with 11
universities, led by Tokyo in 25th place.
Australia is the other country with a large
group of universities in the upper reaches of
the rankings. It continues to boast five in the
top 50, led by the Australian National Univer-
sity, at 25th, while all of the Group of Eight
universities appear in the top 100.
The University of Cape Town remains Af-
rica’s only representative in the top 200, rising
five places to 156th. Other universities on the
continent struggle to compete internationally
because of the legacy of underfunding that
most have endured for several decades.
The rankings illustrate the continuing
growth in international student mobility, with
more applicants gravitating towards the leading
universities worldwide.The number of interna-
tional students at the top 50 universities has
increased by 6.4% in a single year, while the
figure for the top 100 is only 3.8%.This comes
at a time when overall growth in student num-
bers has been less than 1% at both groups.
Rankings are used by employers for
graduate recruitment, by universities in the
search for partners and even by some
governments for immigration purposes.
However, prospective students and their
families remain the most numerous readers, as
they use ranking positions to help identify the
leading institutions in an increasingly competi-
tive market.
The main ranking, as well as separate tables
for the arts and humanities, engineering and
technology, life sciences, natural sciences and
social sciences, will be available online and
as an iPhone app, as well as through media
partners of QS in a number of countries.A
paperback guide will be published later
in the year.
This year’s rankings draw on the
biggest-ever surveys of academic
and employer opinion regarding
the world’s top universities.

QS TOP 500 UNIVERSITIES
2011rank
2010rank
Institution
Country/Territory
Classification
Academic
Reputation
Employer
Reputation
FacultyStudent
Citationsper
Faculty
International
Faculty
International
Students
Overall
SIZE FOCUS RES. AGE SCORE RANK SCORE RANK SCORE RANK SCORE RANK SCORE RANK SCORE RANK SCORE
1 1 UniversityofCambridge GB L FC VH 5 100.0 2 100.0 3 98.9 32 92.7 38 98.4 34 96.6 38 100.0
2 2 HarvardUniversity US L FC VH 5 100.0 1 100.0 1 96.4 47 100.0 5 76.9 136 86.0 88 99.3
3 5 MassachusettsInstituteofTechnology(MIT) US M CO VH 5 100.0 6 100.0 4 99.9 17 99.6 13 50.0 212 97.9 32 99.2
4 3 YaleUniversity US M FC VH 5 100.0 10 100.0 4 100.0 15 97.2 25 84.3 110 65.6 170 98.8
5 6 UniversityofOxford GB L FC VH 5 100.0 3 100.0 2 100.0 14 82.0 65 98.2 35 95.9 43 98.0
6 7 ImperialCollegeLondon GB L FC VH 5 99.8 15 100.0 4 99.7 24 79.6 78 99.7 26 99.9 15 97.6
7 4 UCL(UniversityCollegeLondon) GB L FC VH 5 99.4 24 82.0 34 99.0 31 89.5 51 96.2 48 99.7 17 97.3
8 8 UniversityofChicago US L FC VH 5 99.9 14 90.0 15 95.8 50 92.3 41 71.5 155 81.4 105 96.1
9 12 UniversityofPennsylvania US L FC VH 5 98.7 31 90.0 15 99.5 27 94.9 33 64.1 169 66.3 168 95.7
10 11 ColumbiaUniversity US L FC VH 5 99.9 13 100.0 4 95.8 49 95.8 30 17.1 301+ 86.2 87 95.3
11 13 StanfordUniversity US L FC VH 5 100.0 5 100.0 4 74.9 120 100.0 3 36.6 269 96.5 39 93.4
12 9 CaliforniaInstituteofTechnology(Caltech) US S CO VH 5 99.0 26 25.8 204 97.0 44 100.0 1 99.0 30 93.9 54 93.0
13 10 PrincetonUniversity US M CO VH 5 100.0 9 67.9 43 75.3 119 100.0 6 96.5 46 69.3 149 91.9
14 15 UniversityofMichigan US XL FC VH 5 99.8 21 90.0 15 91.5 61 85.3 59 53.6 202 51.2 229 91.3
15 16 CornellUniversity US L FC VH 5 99.8 17 90.0 15 74.7 121 96.8 27 44.7 231 70.2 148 90.7
16 17 JohnsHopkinsUniversity US L FC VH 5 95.9 42 55.9 100 99.3 29 99.8 11 18.2 301+ 70.9 147 90.0
17 19 McGillUniversity CA L FC VH 5 98.8 29 90.0 15 89.9 69 62.6 139 82.0 119 94.2 51 89.6
18 18 ETHZurich(SwissFederalInstituteofTechnology) CH L FO VH 5 99.2 25 74.6 40 54.4 216 99.0 17 100.0 5 99.1 21 89.5
19 14 DukeUniversity US L FC VH 5 95.4 43 65.0 47 99.8 23 96.3 29 17.5 301+ 55.5 216 89.3
20 22 UniversityofEdinburgh GB L FC VH 5 98.9 28 90.0 15 73.7 124 68.8 110 88.8 89 92.7 59 87.8
21 28 UniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley(UCB) US XL FC VH 5 100.0 4 100.0 4 44.7 301+ 95.7 32 95.2 57 62.2 186 87.6
22 23 UniversityofHongKong(HKU) HK L FC VH 5 98.9 27 59.4 51 95.1 53 54.5 172 100.0 15 98.9 23 87.0
23 29 UniversityofToronto CA XL FC VH 5 99.9 12 90.0 15 65.3 155 77.3 85 91.3 79 49.0 244 86.2
24 26 NorthwesternUniversity US L FC VH 5 91.5 55 77.1 36 82.8 94 93.6 36 12.4 301+ 80.9 109 85.9
25 24 TheUniversityofTokyo JP L FC VH 5 100.0 7 90.0 15 92.2 58 74.0 91 10.8 301+ 29.2 301+ 85.9
26 20 AustralianNationalUniversity(ANU) AU L CO VH 4 99.8 20 59.4 51 71.7 132 70.0 105 100.0 20 96.8 36 85.7
27 21 King'sCollegeLondon(KCL) GB L FC VH 5 92.0 51 59.4 51 87.5 78 68.5 112 95.3 56 92.4 60 85.0
28 31 NationalUniversityofSingapore(NUS) SG XL FC VH 5 100.0 11 92.6 14 72.2 130 43.9 243 100.0 9 99.4 19 84.1
29 30 TheUniversityofManchester GB XL FC VH 5 98.4 32 100.0 4 66.0 153 54.1 174 89.2 87 90.1 70 84.0
30 27 UniversityofBristol GB L FC VH 5 89.3 60 90.0 15 77.1 112 69.3 109 87.7 95 73.0 140 83.7
31 38 TheUniversityofMelbourne AU XL FC VH 5 99.8 16 100.0 4 38.1 301+ 78.4 82 80.7 120 95.2 46 83.6
32 25 KyotoUniversity JP L FC VH 5 99.8 19 59.4 51 96.5 46 70.9 99 14.5 301+ 24.0 301+ 82.9
33 33 EcoleNormaleSupérieure,Paris(ENSParis) FR S SP VH 5 93.5 47 59.4 51 94.3 54 67.8 115 29.5 301+ 72.3 143 82.4
34 35 UniversityofCalifornia,LosAngeles(UCLA) US XL FC VH 4 100.0 8 90.0 15 48.7 271 99.9 8 4.1 301+ 27.1 301+ 81.9
35 32 EcolePolytechniqueFédéraledeLausanne(EPFL) CH M FO VH 5 78.6 89 52.1 154 97.7 40 69.9 106 100.0 3 100.0 5 81.8
36 36 EcolePolytechniqueParisTech FR S CO VH 5 75.5 99 90.0 15 100.0 12 56.9 158 73.4 150 94.8 47 80.5
37 42 TheChineseUniversityofHongKong(CUHK) HK L FC VH 3 92.0 52 55.9 100 80.8 100 53.8 177 98.2 36 75.0 133 79.5
38 37 TheUniversityofSydney AU XL FC VH 5 99.5 23 74.7 39 53.4 225 50.6 198 99.7 27 94.3 50 79.3
39 39 BrownUniversity US M FC VH 5 85.0 65 55.9 100 68.5 142 98.8 21 44.0 234 49.1 243 79.2
40 40 HKUST HK M CO VH 2 91.7 53 47.5 156 83.5 90 47.5 222 100.0 10 98.6 26 79.1
41 48 UniversityofWisconsin-Madison US XL FC VH 5 96.4 40 55.9 100 78.4 107 67.6 116 46.2 225 36.0 301+ 79.0
42 50 SeoulNationalUniversity(SNU) KR L FC VH 4 98.3 33 55.9 100 93.0 55 42.2 256 43.1 239 60.5 194 78.7
43 34 CarnegieMellonUniversity US M FC VH 5 88.0 63 59.4 51 71.4 134 74.5 90 38.1 261 94.4 49 78.5
44 41 NewYorkUniversity(NYU) US XL FC VH 5 97.0 37 63.5 48 91.7 60 43.0 249 23.8 301+ 58.6 200 77.7
45 49 OsakaUniversity JP L FC VH 4 89.7 59 55.9 100 91.9 59 70.1 103 15.1 301+ 28.6 301+ 77.6
46 47 PekingUniversity CN L FC VH 5 99.8 18 82.6 33 90.4 65 29.7 301+ 35.5 275 39.4 295 77.4
47 54 TsinghuaUniversity CN XL FC VH 5 98.7 30 86.5 32 86.1 84 26.4 301+ 52.8 203 30.1 301+ 76.3
48 43 TheUniversityofQueensland(UQ) AU XL FC VH 5 94.4 45 59.4 51 38.6 301+ 67.6 116 97.5 41 92.0 61 75.9
49 46 TheUniversityofNewSouthWales(UNSW) AU XL FC VH 4 96.1 41 78.6 35 36.2 301+ 56.3 162 92.4 73 95.7 45 75.7
50 53 TheUniversityofWarwick GB L FC HI 3 89.9 57 100.0 4 59.4 185 30.7 301+ 90.0 86 98.7 24 74.9
51 44 UniversityofBritishColumbia CA XL FC VH 5 99.6 22 59.4 51 32.6 301+ 85.6 57 26.7 301+ 51.1 231 74.8
52 45 UniversityofCopenhagen DK L FC VH 5 82.8 71 55.9 100 99.8 21 43.6 245 71.1 156 45.8 262 74.7
53 51 Ruprecht-Karls-UniversitätHeidelberg DE L FC VH 5 92.7 50 15.3 283 86.7 81 53.7 178 54.9 200 73.5 138 74.6
54 58 TechnischeUniversitätMünchen DE L FO VH 5 82.3 73 73.1 41 97.7 42 34.1 301+ 57.5 195 68.1 153 74.3
55 57 UniversityofNorthCarolina,ChapelHill US L FC VH 5 83.0 68 55.9 100 74.1 123 86.5 56 9.8 301+ 15.9 301+ 73.6
56 55 UniversityofWashington US XL FC VH 5 93.5 48 29.6 194 47.8 275 99.8 9 9.2 301+ 23.8 301+ 72.9
57 60 TokyoInstituteofTechnology JP M CO VH 5 78.3 91 59.4 51 88.3 76 65.5 127 22.6 301+ 43.2 277 72.7
58 74 NanyangTechnologicalUniversity(NTU) SG L CO VH 4 88.0 64 59.4 51 77.7 110 22.6 301+ 100.0 6 98.2 28 72.5
59 77 UniversityofGlasgow GB L FC VH 5 81.2 78 55.9 100 53.8 219 72.3 96 79.6 130 69.1 151 72.1
60 61 MonashUniversity AU XL FC VH 3 96.5 39 90.0 15 41.6 301+ 34.9 299 58.6 186 96.7 37 72.1

2011rank
2010rank
Institution
Country/Territory
Classification
Academic
Reputation
Employer
Reputation
FacultyStudent
Citationsper
Faculty
International
Faculty
International
Students
Overall
61 63 UniversityofIllinoisatUrbana-Champaign US XL FC VH 5 97.4 35 45.0 158 25.8 301+ 87.3 53 32.5 287 55.9 214 71.9
62 66 Ludwig-Maximilians-UniversitätMünchen DE XL FC VH 5 95.2 44 45.4 157 34.4 301+ 80.1 75 37.1 267 57.6 203 71.6
63 56 UniversityofAmsterdam NL XL FC VH 5 91.4 56 55.9 100 53.7 224 64.2 134 56.3 199 32.1 301+ 71.5
64 80 LondonSchoolofEconomics(LSE) GB M SP VH 5 88.1 62 100.0 4 54.4 216 15.2 301+ 100.0 16 100.0 1 70.5
65 52 TrinityCollegeDublin(TCD) IE L FC HI 5 81.0 81 59.4 51 58.0 193 47.7 220 99.1 29 84.9 94 70.0
66 70 FreieUniversitätBerlin DE XL FC HI 4 89.9 58 23.0 223 30.5 301+ 95.8 31 45.0 230 57.6 204 70.0
67 59 UniversityofBirmingham GB L FC VH 5 78.4 90 61.4 50 60.3 177 55.3 168 83.4 114 75.1 132 69.9
68 86 KatholiekeUniversiteitLeuven BE XL FC VH 5 88.4 61 55.9 100 22.6 301+ 85.1 60 64.2 168 56.7 212 69.9
69 71 UniversityofGeneva CH L FC VH 5 65.4 132 4.4 301+ 66.4 151 93.3 37 100.0 19 99.2 20 69.9
70= 64 BostonUniversity US L FC VH 5 74.0 105 59.4 51 63.7 162 75.2 89 14.3 301+ 85.9 90 69.7
70= 102 TohokuUniversity JP L FC VH 5 73.3 108 55.9 100 96.7 45 57.3 155 23.4 301+ 29.0 301+ 69.7
72 69 TheUniversityofSheffield GB L FC VH 5 76.5 95 59.4 51 61.3 173 56.3 162 83.0 116 80.9 108 69.6
73 89 TheUniversityofWesternAustralia(UWA) AU L FC VH 5 79.5 87 55.9 100 40.5 301+ 64.9 129 99.9 24 87.0 86 69.2
74 73 TheUniversityofNottingham GB XL FC VH 5 75.4 100 90.0 15 53.8 223 44.2 239 88.4 91 85.6 91 68.8
75 81 UniversityofSouthampton GB L FC VH 5 72.1 113 59.4 51 62.3 169 58.4 149 90.1 85 80.0 114 68.8
76 67 UniversityofTexasatAustin US XL FC VH 5 97.2 36 62.5 49 22.1 301+ 66.2 123 60.1 178 32.2 301+ 68.7
77 65 UniversityofCalifornia,SanDiego(UCSD) US L FC VH 4 97.6 34 18.1 251 26.5 301+ 99.9 7 3.1 301+ 17.6 301+ 68.5
78 75= WashingtonUniversityinSt.Louis US L FC VH 5 58.9 158 6.0 301+ 99.8 22 98.3 22 13.7 301+ 53.6 222 68.5
79 84 AarhusUniversity DK L FC VH 4 69.1 120 24.6 216 85.8 85 64.4 132 64.6 167 65.9 169 68.0
80= 91 NagoyaUniversity JP L FC VH 5 64.9 135 55.9 100 80.5 101 79.6 79 35.1 279 26.6 301+ 68.0
80= 83 UtrechtUniversity NL L FC VH 5 81.7 76 23.1 220 49.5 262 89.8 50 58.6 187 17.6 301+ 68.0
82 68 TheUniversityofAuckland NZ L FC VH 5 94.0 46 59.4 51 25.1 301+ 39.5 270 94.3 61 96.0 42 67.3
83 62 UppsalaUniversity SE XL FC VH 5 82.5 72 19.2 241 38.8 301+ 90.9 43 79.3 132 22.2 301+ 67.2
84 106 GeorgiaInstituteofTechnology(GeorgiaTech) US L CO VH 5 73.3 109 59.4 51 20.3 301+ 98.0 23 51.1 209 87.3 84 67.1
85 87 PurdueUniversity US XL FC VH 5 81.5 77 67.5 44 36.4 301+ 55.7 165 96.2 50 63.8 179 67.1
86 72 LundUniversity SE XL FC VH 5 82.9 69 55.9 100 34.6 301+ 81.9 66 31.7 291 34.9 301+ 66.7
87 94 NationalTaiwanUniversity(NTU) TW XL FC VH 4 96.5 38 55.9 100 36.2 301+ 60.7 143 18.0 301+ 17.2 301+ 66.6
88 82 LeidenUniversity NL L FC VH 5 84.4 66 15.2 285 27.2 301+ 99.0 16 73.5 149 21.9 301+ 66.6
89 75= UniversityofHelsinki FI L CO VH 5 80.6 82 20.9 232 72.9 128 69.6 108 31.9 290 12.9 301+ 66.4
90 79 KAIST KR M CO VH 3 79.9 85 23.8 217 89.9 68 45.3 232 41.0 249 25.2 301+ 66.0
91 105 FudanUniversity CN L FC VH 5 91.5 54 59.4 51 49.7 260 41.2 259 18.2 301+ 56.9 209 65.7
92 103 TheUniversityofAdelaide AU L FC VH 5 75.1 103 59.4 51 35.2 301+ 59.8 145 94.6 58 94.0 52 65.7
93 85 UniversityofLeeds GB L FC VH 5 81.1 79 59.4 51 51.8 243 40.2 265 77.0 135 75.1 131 65.7
94 98 PennsylvaniaStateUniversity US XL FC VH 5 76.3 98 66.2 45 39.2 301+ 80.6 72 23.5 301+ 37.3 301+ 65.4
95 92 DurhamUniversity GB L FC HI 5 66.2 129 90.0 15 46.3 294 54.7 170 92.4 71 73.0 139 65.2
96 88 UniversityofYork GB L FC HI 3 67.4 125 59.4 51 59.5 184 52.4 190 87.4 98 85.5 92 65.2
97 95 UniversityofStAndrews GB M FC VH 5 59.7 153 59.4 51 68.0 144 53.2 184 96.2 51 99.9 14 65.1
98 112 POSTECH KR S FO VH 3 55.8 177 17.3 257 97.7 41 80.9 69 69.9 159 11.5 301+ 65.1
99 90 DartmouthCollege US M FC VH 5 44.6 246 59.4 51 86.9 80 97.9 24 10.4 301+ 48.2 248 64.9
100 78 UniversityofAlberta CA XL FC VH 5 75.2 101 27.8 196 61.2 175 49.8 203 92.6 70 71.2 146 64.5
101 110 UniversityofCalifornia,Davis(UCD) US XL FC VH 5 77.3 94 17.1 260 36.7 301+ 94.4 35 40.1 252 45.2 269 64.4
102 96 UniversityofMinnesota US XL FC VH 5 82.8 70 24.8 215 25.0 301+ 98.9 19 26.9 301+ 27.1 301+ 64.3
103 99 ErasmusUniversityRotterdam NL L FO VH 4 54.6 182 59.4 51 46.6 288 96.9 26 51.8 207 74.4 135 64.0
104 108 DelftUniversityofTechnology NL L FO VH 5 76.4 96 59.4 51 46.3 293 43.8 244 91.4 78 72.3 144 63.9
105 97 UniversitätFreiburg DE L FC VH 5 69.3 119 2.4 301+ 90.0 66 52.8 186 62.4 174 56.5 213 63.7
106 101 UniversityofZurich CH L FC VH 5 74.6 104 20.7 233 39.5 301+ 69.8 107 99.6 28 66.6 164 63.3
107 113 UniversityofSouthernCalifornia US XL FC VH 5 61.7 147 25.0 213 73.6 125 66.3 122 49.6 214 87.6 79 63.2
108 100 UniversityofOslo NO L FC VH 5 70.3 118 10.8 301+ 91.2 62 44.0 242 41.7 245 66.3 167 62.9
109 111 MaastrichtUniversity NL L FO VH 3 37.5 288 55.9 100 72.4 129 85.5 58 82.3 117 99.9 11 62.5
110 129 CityUniversityofHongKong HK M CO VH 3 72.2 112 18.7 243 67.7 145 38.6 275 100.0 14 76.6 126 62.0
111 125 OhioStateUniversity US XL FC VH 5 73.9 106 55.9 100 35.9 301+ 65.9 125 65.2 165 31.4 301+ 61.5
112 93 LomonosovMoscowStateUniversity RU XL FC VH 5 77.3 93 59.4 51 100.0 7 5.5 301+ 5.4 301+ 37.4 301+ 61.3
113 104 UniversityofMaryland,CollegePark US XL FC VH 5 67.3 126 20.3 236 60.2 179 76.8 87 38.2 260 30.6 301+ 61.0
114 107 EmoryUniversity US L FC VH 5 37.3 291 37.9 162 88.6 75 96.5 28 27.4 301+ 43.5 274 60.4
115 120 UniversityofGroningen NL L FC VH 5 60.4 149 25.1 210 66.9 147 61.7 142 80.7 121 55.4 217 60.4
116 119 UniversityofPittsburgh US L FC VH 5 49.6 212 8.2 301+ 90.7 64 80.5 73 59.0 183 24.8 301+ 60.3
117 115 RiceUniversity US S FC VH 5 47.1 224 12.9 301+ 80.2 103 91.3 42 25.5 301+ 66.7 162 60.2
118 116 UniversityofCalifornia,SantaBarbara(UCSB) US L CO VH 5 79.7 86 3.2 301+ 15.4 301+ 98.8 20 42.6 241 30.8 301+ 59.9
119 118 UniversitéPierreetMarieCurie(UPMC) FR XL FO VH 3 67.7 122 7.9 301+ 76.4 118 49.5 208 31.4 295 80.3 112 59.8
120 109 HebrewUniversityofJerusalem IL L FC VH 4 65.0 134 7.2 301+ 62.9 164 78.1 84 45.1 229 20.8 301+ 59.4

2011rank
2010rank
Institution
Country/Territory
Classification
Academic
Reputation
Employer
Reputation
FacultyStudent
Citationsper
Faculty
International
Faculty
International
Students
Overall
121 133 UniversityofBergen NO M FC VH 4 47.0 226 12.4 301+ 77.1 114 73.8 92 91.3 79 66.8 161 59.3
122 153 KyushuUniversity JP L FC VH 5 56.4 173 55.9 100 95.7 51 41.9 257 15.3 301+ 25.6 301+ 58.9
123 121 UniversityofLiverpool GB L FC VH 5 54.0 187 55.9 100 61.9 172 49.3 210 92.4 72 72.6 142 58.8
124 151 ShanghaiJiaoTongUniversity CN XL FC VH 5 80.4 83 55.9 100 52.4 237 34.4 301+ 20.7 301+ 20.9 301+ 58.3
125 124 UniversitéCatholiquedeLouvain(UCL) BE L FC HI 5 72.2 111 23.0 221 16.2 301+ 80.1 74 58.3 189 67.1 160 57.8
126 130 UniversityofVirginia US L FC VH 5 54.2 186 59.4 51 54.5 215 80.6 71 8.9 301+ 27.8 301+ 57.6
127 140 NewcastleUniversity GB L FC VH 3 45.1 240 59.4 51 64.6 158 57.2 156 83.2 115 79.2 115 57.6
128 127= UniversityofRochester US M FC VH 5 42.1 261 99.9 19 66.1 124 63.5 170 62.1 189 57.4
129 142 YonseiUniversity KR L FC VH 5 72.4 110 37.5 179 83.6 89 21.0 301+ 14.0 301+ 36.9 301+ 57.3
130 135 UniversityofOtago NZ L FC HI 5 63.2 141 55.9 100 30.8 301+ 50.0 202 100.0 8 82.1 103 57.2
131 134 VanderbiltUniversity US L FC VH 5 41.8 265 55.9 100 100.0 9 57.9 152 12.1 301+ 32.7 301+ 57.2
132 123 Humboldt-UniversitätzuBerlin DE L FC HI 5 93.2 49 11.5 301+ 27.1 301+ 35.9 290 46.3 224 53.6 223 57.1
133 139 EcoleNormaleSupérieuredeLyon FR S CO VH 5 54.6 183 2.4 301+ 100.0 6 40.5 263 48.0 219 67.1 159 57.0
134 114 UniversityCollegeDublin(UCD) IE L FC HI 5 58.8 159 59.4 51 52.7 232 31.8 301+ 95.7 54 93.2 57 56.9
135 122 CardiffUniversity GB L FC VH 5 56.9 168 55.9 100 55.6 209 45.4 230 76.5 140 68.0 154 56.9
136 152 UniversityofLausanne CH M FO VH 5 46.1 233 9.2 301+ 60.6 176 78.2 83 92.9 68 76.8 125 56.7
137 136 UniversitédeMontréal CA XL FC VH 5 64.6 136 9.7 301+ 35.3 301+ 67.0 120 73.8 147 87.4 83 56.4
138 149 RadboudUniversityNijmegen NL L FC VH 4 37.4 290 25.5 208 84.2 87 79.4 80 58.7 185 37.4 301+ 56.1
139 175 HokkaidoUniversity JP L FC VH 5 52.4 198 55.9 100 70.0 140 65.5 126 6.4 301+ 17.2 301+ 55.9
140 158 Rheinisch-WestfälischeTechnischeHochschuleAachen DE XL FC VH 5 63.6 140 68.5 42 64.2 160 23.6 301+ 37.8 263 61.4 192 55.9
141 117 UniversityofAberdeen GB L FC HI 5 48.4 221 37.9 162 62.7 166 49.5 209 90.8 84 90.1 69 55.7
142 170 UniversityofColoradoatBoulder US L CO VH 5 49.5 214 34.1 183 57.0 202 90.0 49 22.4 301+ 10.8 301+ 55.3
143 162= UniversityofBern CH L FO VH 5 38.3 284 12.4 301+ 61.2 174 87.0 54 97.5 42 56.8 211 55.0
144 132 Queen'sUniversity CA L FC VH 5 52.5 197 59.4 51 40.9 301+ 64.2 135 77.7 133 39.3 296 54.9
145 127= CaseWesternReserveUniversity US M FC VH 5 31.1 301+ 2.5 301+ 92.7 56 90.8 45 25.1 301+ 61.8 190 54.8
146 126 EindhovenUniversityofTechnology NL M FO VH 4 46.2 232 18.2 250 99.6 25 33.5 301+ 98.9 31 37.0 301+ 54.8
147 166= KIT,KarlsruherInstitutfürTechnologie DE L CO VH 5 59.1 156 55.9 100 65.1 156 28.7 301+ 43.9 235 67.7 156 54.6
148 146 UniversityofCalifornia,Irvine(UCI) US L FC VH 3 65.6 131 6.9 301+ 26.6 301+ 98.9 18 8.4 301+ 20.5 301+ 54.5
149 174 Georg-August-UniversitätGöttingen DE L FC VH 5 63.8 138 73.0 127 42.8 252 40.5 251 41.4 287 53.8
150 141 TechnicalUniversityofDenmark DK M FO VH 5 34.4 301+ 11.9 301+ 98.6 36 53.6 181 88.8 90 58.3 202 53.8
151 137 UniversityofBasel CH M FC VH 5 54.4 185 8.7 301+ 66.1 152 38.1 276 100.0 12 85.0 93 53.8
152 131 EberhardKarlsUniversitätTübingen DE L FC VH 5 55.5 178 15.8 275 58.7 188 58.0 151 60.9 177 50.0 235 53.7
153 181 LancasterUniversity GB M FC VH 3 52.9 195 55.9 100 48.8 269 37.8 277 79.6 131 87.0 85 53.4
154 200 RheinischeFriedrich-Wilhelms-UniversitätBonn DE L FC VH 5 66.5 128 10.3 301+ 71.5 133 34.7 301+ 16.8 301+ 52.5 226 53.4
155 143 UniversitätWien AT XL FC HI 5 81.0 80 26.5 201 9.3 301+ 43.0 249 46.2 225 88.6 77 53.3
156 161 UniversityofCapeTown ZA L FC HI 5 56.7 169 55.9 100 34.2 301+ 48.5 215 72.2 154 68.6 152 52.9
157 164 TheUniversityofWesternOntario CA L FC VH 5 50.0 208 55.9 100 22.1 301+ 88.4 52 59.0 184 19.3 301+ 52.6
158 198 TexasA&MUniversity US XL FC VH 5 65.8 130 36.9 180 23.7 301+ 71.2 98 19.1 301+ 30.3 301+ 52.5
159 162= McMasterUniversity CA L FC VH 5 57.8 165 15.5 279 19.1 301+ 90.3 48 42.6 241 49.8 241 52.2
160 145 UniversityofWaterloo CA L CO VH 4 62.0 145 55.9 100 18.1 301+ 53.3 183 80.0 126 45.8 263 52.0
161 193 UniversityofFlorida US XL FC VH 5 60.0 152 23.2 218 35.0 301+ 73.4 94 19.3 301+ 32.5 301+ 51.6
162 252 UniversityofIllinois,Chicago(UIC) US L FC VH 5 46.3 230 15.0 286 50.9 249 92.3 40 6.0 301+ 30.9 301+ 51.5
163 160 UniversityofArizona US XL FC VH 5 60.2 151 4.6 301+ 36.1 301+ 81.0 68 27.4 301+ 23.2 301+ 51.5
164 208 MichiganStateUniversity US XL FC VH 5 62.0 144 44.7 159 29.4 301+ 53.5 182 41.2 248 49.9 236 51.4
165 192 UniversityofGhent BE L FC VH 5 58.4 162 24.9 214 62.6 167 47.7 219 21.3 301+ 26.5 301+ 51.3
166 155 GeorgetownUniversity US L FC HI 5 51.6 200 59.4 51 58.1 191 43.1 248 28.0 301+ 36.4 301+ 51.0
167 207 UniversitiMalaya(UM) MY L FC HI 5 56.3 176 37.9 162 76.4 117 4.6 301+ 76.8 137 71.3 145 50.9
168 144 UniversityofBath GB L CO VH 3 48.6 219 59.4 51 37.0 301+ 39.5 269 87.5 97 94.8 48 50.8
169= 222 UniversidadNacionalAutónomadeMéxico(UNAM) MX XL FC VH 5 79.4 88 55.9 100 52.6 235 4.5 301+ 16.1 301+ 3.8 301+ 50.7
169= 253 UniversidadedeSãoPaulo(USP) BR XL FC VH 4 75.1 102 52.8 153 39.0 301+ 28.8 301+ 11.6 301+ 6.1 301+ 50.7
171 180 ChulalongkornUniversity TH XL FC HI 4 82.2 74 55.9 100 43.8 301+ 7.4 301+ 17.2 301+ 3.4 301+ 50.7
172 147 QueenMary,UniversityofLondon(QMUL) GB L FC HI 5 56.4 174 14.9 288 66.5 150 15.0 301+ 96.6 45 91.0 63 50.7
173 138 TelAvivUniversity IL L FC VH 4 59.0 157 8.2 301+ 17.0 301+ 99.3 14 30.1 301+ 9.4 301+ 50.6
174 157 TuftsUniversity US M FC VH 5 29.1 301+ 5.5 301+ 60.0 181 92.6 39 100.0 22 37.7 301+ 50.6
175 178 WageningenUniversity NL M FO VH 4 43.0 257 6.7 301+ 99.8 20 30.9 301+ 9.5 301+ 97.4 33 50.3
176 148 UniversitatdeBarcelona(UB) ES XL FC VH 5 77.9 92 12.7 301+ 27.2 301+ 44.3 238 5.8 301+ 46.0 261 50.3
177 166= TheHongKongPolytechnicUniversity HK L CO VH 4 58.4 161 13.3 301+ 40.3 301+ 36.5 289 100.0 23 82.2 102 50.1
178 168 StockholmUniversity SE L CO VH 5 71.9 114 16.3 268 28.8 301+ 40.5 263 75.4 142 16.0 301+ 49.8
179 171 VrijeUniversiteitAmsterdam NL L FC VH 5 62.5 142 25.0 212 53.8 219 36.9 285 43.2 238 17.5 301+ 49.6
180 150 KTH,RoyalInstituteofTechnology SE L CO VH 5 51.7 199 26.9 199 56.3 205 32.1 301+ 66.5 163 84.5 95 49.6

2011rank
2010rank
Institution
Country/Territory
Classification
Academic
Reputation
Employer
Reputation
FacultyStudent
Citationsper
Faculty
International
Faculty
International
Students
Overall
181 184 UniversityCollegeCork(UCC) IE L FC HI 5 49.0 217 55.9 100 49.5 262 31.0 301+ 94.5 60 51.5 228 49.6
182 195 UniversitätFrankfurtamMain DE XL FC HI 4 58.2 163 22.2 225 38.6 301+ 53.7 180 26.5 301+ 64.8 174 49.5
183 176 UniversitàdiBologna(UNIBO) IT XL FC VH 5 81.9 75 37.9 162 26.6 301+ 24.2 301+ 13.7 301+ 20.1 301+ 49.4
184 183 UniversityofGothenburg SE L FC VH 5 46.9 227 13.9 297 41.2 301+ 62.3 141 72.7 152 77.5 122 49.3
185 182 WasedaUniversity JP XL CO VH 5 76.3 97 59.4 51 35.5 301+ 7.8 301+ 35.2 278 26.7 301+ 49.2
186= 177 NanjingUniversity CN L FC VH 5 70.6 117 16.9 262 43.2 301+ 34.3 301+ 47.2 222 6.2 301+ 49.1
186= 172 UniversityofTsukuba JP L FC VH 3 53.8 188 3.9 301+ 82.8 95 36.7 288 15.5 301+ 30.4 301+ 49.1
188= 206 KeioUniversity JP XL FC HI 5 64.5 137 59.4 51 59.9 182 15.8 301+ 15.0 301+ 9.0 301+ 49.0
188= 154 UniversityofScienceandTechnologyofChina CN L CO VH 4 62.4 143 11.0 301+ 56.6 204 51.9 191 5.0 301+ 1.5 301+ 49.0
190 191 KoreaUniversity KR XL FC VH 5 70.8 116 27.4 197 58.4 190 18.5 301+ 15.3 301+ 17.3 301+ 49.0
191 218 ZhejiangUniversity CN XL FC VH 5 66.6 127 35.1 182 36.7 301+ 45.4 231 17.1 301+ 7.8 301+ 48.8
192 188 UniversityofIowa US L FC VH 5 42.6 259 7.0 301+ 52.3 240 82.6 64 32.5 286 22.3 301+ 48.4
193 197 Queen'sUniversityofBelfast GB L FC HI 5 40.4 270 55.9 100 57.9 197 34.8 301+ 98.6 33 43.3 276 48.3
194 173 UniversitatAutónomadeBarcelona ES L FC VH 3 71.2 115 13.2 301+ 34.9 301+ 39.4 271 17.8 301+ 33.9 301+ 48.2
195 169 UniversityofLeicester GB L FC HI 4 34.3 301+ 10.9 301+ 51.5 246 68.4 113 84.6 108 80.4 111 48.0
196 209 UniversitéLibredeBruxelles(ULB) BE L FC HI 5 53.0 194 18.7 244 39.5 301+ 33.8 301+ 88.4 92 96.5 40 47.9
197= 179 UniversityofAntwerp BE M FC VH 1 36.5 299 11.8 301+ 98.6 37 26.9 301+ 64.6 166 48.8 245 47.5
197= 156 UniversityofSussex GB M FC HI 4 48.8 218 7.3 301+ 38.1 301+ 49.6 206 92.7 69 82.6 100 47.5
199 201 UniversityofDundee GB L FC HI 5 32.7 301+ 4.0 301+ 67.2 146 59.4 147 84.4 109 66.4 165 47.3
200 221 KingSaudUniversity(KSU) SA XL FC HI 4 56.6 171 6.7 301+ 83.1 93 2.2 301+ 94.5 59 22.7 301+ 47.1
201 203 SciencesPoParis FR M SP MD 5 36.1 301+ 59.4 51 90.8 63 1.3 301+ 50.1 211 97.4 34 47.1
202 204 ChalmersUniversityofTechnology SE M CO VH 5 45.5 236 27.8 195 46.9 285 45.7 229 52.1 205 74.9 134 46.8
203 242 UniversitätHamburg DE L FC VH 4 63.6 139 9.9 301+ 57.8 198 21.2 301+ 27.4 301+ 44.5 272 46.7
204 238 VrijeUniversiteitBrussel(VUB) BE M FC VH 3 38.8 279 35.9 181 81.4 98 31.3 301+ 23.9 301+ 53.2 224 46.4
205 217 TechnischeUniversitätBerlin DE L CO VH 5 61.4 148 30.3 193 40.4 301+ 15.9 301+ 50.7 210 80.1 113 46.3
206 186 UniversitéParis-Sorbonne(ParisIV) FR L SP HI 5 84.1 67 37.9 162 16.9 301+ 1.3 301+ 7.3 301+ 77.6 121 46.2
207 259 UniversityofExeter GB L FC HI 4 40.1 273 55.9 100 31.6 301+ 42.4 255 86.8 103 90.0 73 46.2
208 226 UniversitéParis-Sud11 FR L FO VH 3 46.7 228 1.6 301+ 54.9 213 49.6 206 47.0 223 63.2 182 46.1
209 205 UniversitätStuttgart DE L CO VH 5 45.4 237 26.9 200 77.2 111 14.1 301+ 39.0 256 81.1 107 46.0
210 190 Sapienza-UniversitàdiRoma IT XL FC VH 5 80.2 84 18.3 249 11.4 301+ 37.2 284 2.9 301+ 23.4 301+ 45.8
211 220 MacquarieUniversity AU L FC HI 3 53.1 192 55.9 100 11.0 301+ 31.7 301+ 88.3 93 99.6 18 45.7
212 189 UniversityofCanterbury NZ L CO HI 5 50.3 206 59.4 51 20.1 301+ 28.2 301+ 100.0 17 77.4 124 45.5
213= 196 NationalTsingHuaUniversity TW M CO VH 4 57.5 166 6.1 301+ 29.5 301+ 62.4 140 35.9 273 13.6 301+ 45.3
213= 229 UniversitéParis1Panthéon-Sorbonne FR XL FO HI 5 73.5 107 55.9 100 15.2 301+ 3.6 301+ 33.4 284 80.9 110 45.3
215 185 UniversityofReading GB L CO VH 5 43.7 250 10.8 301+ 49.9 259 37.8 278 83.5 113 83.4 97 45.3
216 227 IndianaUniversityBloomington US XL FC VH 5 56.6 172 37.9 162 26.2 301+ 50.0 200 18.7 301+ 33.8 301+ 45.2
217 236 UniversityofIndonesia ID XL FC MD 5 59.2 155 55.9 100 65.8 154 1.4 301+ 26.5 301+ 4.6 301+ 45.1
218= 202 IndianInstituteofTechnologyDelhi(IITD) IN M CO VH 4 54.5 184 59.4 51 36.5 301+ 45.2 234 1.2 301+ 1.7 301+ 45.1
218= 165 UniversityofCalgary CA L FC VH 3 53.1 190 22.1 227 9.3 301+ 86.7 55 7.5 301+ 24.1 301+ 45.1
220 159 Technion-IsraelInstituteofTechnology IL L FC VH 4 49.8 211 8.8 301+ 39.6 301+ 70.2 102 21.3 301+ 7.7 301+ 45.1
221 255 KingFahdUniversity(KFUPM) SA M FO VH 3 41.8 264 10.6 301+ 88.8 74 5.0 301+ 100.0 2 52.8 225 45.1
222 213 UniversidadAutónomadeMadrid ES XL FC HI 3 65.4 133 25.0 211 17.4 301+ 52.6 187 11.6 301+ 16.1 301+ 44.9
223 219 UniversityofNotreDame US M CO VH 5 36.0 301+ 55.9 100 53.4 226 56.8 159 11.0 301+ 27.7 301+ 44.8
224 211 UniversityofTurku FI L FC HI 4 39.1 278 25.4 209 66.9 148 52.5 189 23.5 301+ 12.2 301+ 44.7
225 187 IndianInstituteofTechnologyBombay(IITB) IN M CO VH 4 59.7 154 59.4 51 33.3 301+ 32.8 301+ 5.0 301+ 1.9 301+ 44.2
226 199 UniversityofTwente NL M FO VH 4 39.1 277 14.1 296 47.2 281 40.8 260 79.7 128 87.4 82 43.9
227 246 UniversitédeStrasbourg FR XL FC HI 5 68.5 121 4.6 301+ 21.5 301+ 25.4 301+ 36.0 272 74.1 136 43.6
228 224 RMITUniversity AU XL CO HI 5 52.7 196 59.4 51 19.3 301+ 7.0 301+ 100.0 21 100.0 6 43.1
229 228 MahidolUniversity TH L FC HI 4 53.2 189 5.8 301+ 84.5 86 11.4 301+ 16.4 301+ 7.8 301+ 43.1
230 235 UniversityofMiami US L FC VH 4 23.9 301+ 3.4 301+ 80.2 103 56.9 157 56.9 197 40.0 292 43.0
231 240 TechnischeUniversitätWien AT L FO VH 5 46.6 229 32.3 188 44.8 301+ 14.2 301+ 76.7 138 88.5 78 42.8
232 250 AaltoUniversity FI L SP LO 1 36.4 301+ 19.7 239 89.7 70 15.7 301+ 40.9 250 42.2 283 42.6
233 247 UniversitätUlm DE M FO VH 3 14.3 301+ 9.1 301+ 98.9 33 56.4 161 31.3 298 48.0 252 42.5
234 212 DalhousieUniversity CA L FC HI 5 35.8 301+ 12.2 301+ 39.5 301+ 63.5 137 57.6 192 51.2 230 42.4
235 292 UniversidadeEstadualdeCampinas(Unicamp) BR L FC VH 3 58.5 160 23.0 222 35.5 301+ 33.8 301+ 28.2 301+ 7.6 301+ 42.2
236 216 Rutgers-NewBrunswick US XL CO VH 5 50.9 202 8.6 301+ 35.9 301+ 49.3 210 41.6 246 19.0 301+ 42.1
237 225 VictoriaUniversityofWellington NZ L CO HI 5 50.5 204 55.9 100 17.5 301+ 15.5 301+ 100.0 18 77.7 119 42.1
238 282 UniversitéParisDiderot-Paris7 FR L FC HI 3 56.4 175 42.6 301+ 32.3 301+ 38.9 257 28.7 301+ 41.7
239 260 UniversitätErlangen-Nürnberg DE L FC VH 5 36.4 301+ 5.5 301+ 45.6 300 63.2 138 48.3 217 31.6 301+ 41.7
240 266 TechnischeUniversitätDarmstadt DE L FO VH 5 29.5 301+ 43.2 160 76.5 116 15.6 301+ 50.0 213 75.2 130 41.6

2011rank
2010rank
Institution
Country/Territory
Classification
Academic
Reputation
Employer
Reputation
FacultyStudent
Citationsper
Faculty
International
Faculty
International
Students
Overall
241 243 UniversityofSurrey GB L CO VH 5 34.8 301+ 37.9 162 35.9 301+ 32.3 301+ 92.2 76 96.3 41 41.6
242 194 StonyBrookUniversity US L FC VH 4 29.3 301+ 4.9 301+ 41.2 301+ 66.8 121 56.9 198 81.7 104 41.5
243 342 HongKongBaptistUniversity(HKBU) HK M FC HI 4 25.3 301+ 55.9 100 66.7 149 19.8 301+ 87.7 96 65.0 173 41.4
244 244 UniversitätMannheim DE M FO VH 5 28.3 301+ 55.9 100 6.0 301+ 99.1 15 3.6 301+ 50.3 234 41.4
245 345 KyungHeeUniversity KR L FC HI 4 46.3 231 18.4 247 77.1 113 7.5 301+ 18.5 301+ 47.8 253 41.4
246 215 Julius-Maximilians-UniversitätWürzburg DE L FC VH 5 27.4 301+ 70.6 137 64.7 131 30.9 299 19.8 301+ 41.4
247= 234 KobeUniversity JP L FC HI 4 44.2 247 37.9 162 57.9 196 29.9 301+ 10.3 301+ 20.0 301+ 41.3
247= 245 UniversitätKöln DE XL FC HI 5 50.2 207 32.8 187 22.8 301+ 45.2 233 24.9 301+ 46.8 257 41.3
249 254 HiroshimaUniversity JP L FC VH 4 39.1 276 7.5 301+ 82.5 96 30.6 301+ 8.8 301+ 20.0 301+ 41.3
250 331 PontificiaUniversidadCatólicadeChile CL L FC HI 5 55.1 180 58.5 99 36.1 301+ 19.1 301+ 21.0 301+ 9.3 301+ 41.2
251 210 Saint-PetersburgStateUniversity RU L FC HI 5 44.7 244 10.2 301+ 97.2 43 3.3 301+ 4.1 301+ 21.2 301+ 41.1
252 401-450 YeshivaUniversity US M FC VH 5 5.0 301+ 1.0 301+ 98.8 34 83.6 62 1.0 301+ 31.6 301+ 41.0
253 269 UniversidadComplutensedeMadrid(UCM) ES XL FC HI 5 67.5 123 34.1 184 23.5 301+ 17.5 301+ 4.7 301+ 25.6 301+ 40.9
254 273 UniversitéJosephFourier-Grenoble1 FR L FO VH 5 43.9 249 7.3 301+ 47.2 282 42.6 253 19.5 301+ 55.6 215 40.8
255 230 UniversityofMassachusetts,Amherst US L CO VH 5 49.5 215 10.5 301+ 30.2 301+ 53.7 178 31.4 294 15.7 301+ 40.8
256= 231 UniversityofOttawa CA XL FC VH 5 43.7 252 8.2 301+ 17.1 301+ 67.0 119 77.3 134 19.2 301+ 40.7
256= 281 UniversityofSouthAustralia(UniSA) AU L CO HI 2 41.1 269 55.9 100 32.8 301+ 10.7 301+ 100.0 4 84.2 96 40.7
258 274 CurtinUniversity AU XL CO HI 2 42.9 258 55.9 100 24.9 301+ 10.9 301+ 100.0 13 100.0 8 40.7
259 343 SungkyunkwanUniversity KR L FC VH 5 37.5 289 12.2 301+ 86.5 82 16.4 301+ 18.3 301+ 43.1 278 40.7
260 214 SimonFraserUniversity CA L CO VH 3 44.8 242 14.1 295 15.7 301+ 47.4 224 93.6 65 62.1 188 40.5
261 299 UniversityofEastAnglia(UEA) GB L FC HI 3 38.3 285 6.5 301+ 39.1 301+ 39.8 267 80.4 124 77.7 120 40.4
262 367 UniversidaddeChile CL L FC HI 5 60.3 150 47.7 155 27.2 301+ 21.1 301+ 10.3 301+ 10.0 301+ 40.3
263 261 UniversitàdegliStudidiPadova(UNIPD) IT XL FC VH 5 57.2 167 10.1 301+ 10.3 301+ 63.8 136 3.2 301+ 12.7 301+ 40.3
264 270 LoughboroughUniversity GB L FO VH 5 35.8 301+ 59.4 51 36.4 301+ 18.9 301+ 84.8 107 77.4 123 40.2
265 451-500 TokyoUniversityofScience JP L FO VH 4 49.9 210 6.9 301+ 10.0 301+ 83.1 63 2.6 301+ 40.2
266 237 NorwegianUniversityofScienceandTechnology NO L FC VH 2 36.4 301+ 12.4 301+ 57.0 202 35.1 298 63.4 172 39.6 294 40.1
267 289 QueenslandUniversityofTechnology(QUT) AU L CO VH 5 51.4 201 55.9 100 23.3 301+ 17.8 301+ 27.9 301+ 64.6 175 39.8
268 257 UniversityofTechnology,Sydney(UTS) AU L CO HI 2 42.1 263 59.4 51 21.0 301+ 11.2 301+ 98.2 37 95.8 44 39.7
269 267= UniversityofWollongong AU L FC HI 4 32.0 301+ 55.9 100 33.0 301+ 22.4 301+ 98.1 38 89.9 74 39.6
270= 326 UniversidaddeBuenosAires AR XL FC HI 5 67.4 124 65.9 46 20.3 301+ 4.1 301+ 7.6 301+ 39.6
270= 265 UniversityofStrathclyde GB L CO VH 5 44.7 243 30.8 191 34.2 301+ 21.4 301+ 79.6 129 54.9 220 39.6
272 233 WakeForestUniversity US M FC VH 5 7.9 301+ 2.6 301+ 99.9 18 73.1 95 2.3 301+ 12.8 301+ 39.5
273 297 UmeåUniversity SE L FC HI 3 32.7 301+ 3.2 301+ 39.4 301+ 57.6 153 93.2 66 25.2 301+ 39.5
274 248 UniversityofLiege BE L FC HI 5 31.9 301+ 9.5 301+ 28.0 301+ 77.1 86 10.2 301+ 69.3 150 39.5
275 451-500 UniversitàdegliStudidiMilano IT XL FC VH 4 58.0 164 14.6 292 15.2 301+ 49.7 205 11.8 301+ 9.2 301+ 39.5
276 267= CharlesUniversity CZ XL FC VH 5 50.6 203 12.5 301+ 52.8 230 15.7 301+ 9.4 301+ 59.0 198 39.4
277= 272 NorthCarolinaStateUniversity US L CO VH 5 30.5 301+ 21.2 229 27.3 301+ 84.8 61 12.0 301+ 24.0 301+ 39.3
277= 295 PolitecnicodiMilano IT L SP VH 5 54.9 181 59.4 51 19.6 301+ 19.8 301+ 17.8 301+ 37.5 301+ 39.3
279 263 UniversitiKebangsaanMalaysia(UKM) MY L FC HI 3 48.5 220 9.7 301+ 53.1 228 3.3 301+ 86.9 101 49.8 240 39.2
280 325 WestfälischeWilhelms-UniversitätMünster DE XL FC HI 5 43.2 255 13.8 299 53.8 219 29.1 301+ 28.7 301+ 32.1 301+ 39.0
281 262 IndianInstituteofTechnologyMadras(IITM) IN M CO VH 4 43.4 254 55.9 100 34.8 301+ 40.6 261 2.2 301+ 1.1 301+ 39.0
282 300= TokyoMedicalandDentalUniversity JP S FO VH 4 11.6 301+ 100.0 5 60.2 144 3.5 301+ 26.5 301+ 38.9
283 400 Christian-Albrechts-UniversitätzuKiel DE L FC HI 5 32.3 301+ 8.5 301+ 30.6 301+ 70.4 101 52.5 204 27.2 301+ 38.7
284 239 TulaneUniversity US M FC VH 5 19.4 301+ 6.1 301+ 82.4 97 51.1 193 17.8 301+ 37.7 301+ 38.6
285= 279 ÉcoledesPontsParisTech FR S FO HI 5 18.3 301+ 55.9 100 100.0 13 5.9 301+ 27.4 301+ 47.1 256 38.6
285= 283 NationalChengKungUniversity TW L FC VH 4 46.0 234 6.2 301+ 47.4 279 34.5 301+ 25.9 301+ 22.5 301+ 38.6
287 284 UniversityofCalifornia,SantaCruz(UCSC) US L CO VH 3 38.6 280 14.5 301+ 94.9 33 4.5 301+ 5.1 301+ 38.5
288 306 UniversityofUtah US L FC VH 5 22.7 301+ 6.4 301+ 57.1 201 70.0 104 30.4 301+ 21.6 301+ 38.5
289 275= IowaStateUniversity US L CO VH 5 32.0 301+ 12.2 301+ 24.3 301+ 67.2 118 63.4 173 44.7 271 38.5
290 278 UniversitätInnsbruck AT L FC HI 5 44.9 241 10.2 301+ 10.7 301+ 35.2 295 91.8 77 98.1 30 38.4
291 256 UniversityofNewcastle AU L FC HI 3 45.6 235 17.1 258 15.2 301+ 33.0 301+ 84.9 106 75.9 128 38.4
292 241 UniversityofVictoria CA L CO VH 3 29.3 301+ 9.3 301+ 12.8 301+ 81.1 67 87.9 94 34.3 301+ 38.3
293 291 RoyalHollowayUniversityofLondon GB M CO VH 5 33.1 301+ 11.0 301+ 37.2 301+ 30.0 301+ 96.2 49 98.0 31 38.2
294 223 RensselaerPolytechnicInstitute US M CO VH 5 22.8 301+ 4.6 301+ 46.0 296 79.9 77 13.8 301+ 39.2 297 38.2
295 277 UniversityofHawaiiatMānoa US L FC VH 5 28.1 301+ 1.0 301+ 56.2 206 57.4 154 25.7 301+ 40.5 289 38.1
296 264 GeorgeWashingtonUniversity US L FC HI 5 43.7 251 17.1 259 42.0 301+ 38.8 274 2.9 301+ 37.3 301+ 38.1
297 312 UniversitätKonstanz DE M CO VH 3 36.7 297 14.6 291 48.0 274 30.0 301+ 59.1 181 43.4 275 37.6
298 232 NationalUniversityofIreland,Galway(NUIG) IE L FC HI 5 30.7 301+ 21.3 228 53.8 219 18.1 301+ 95.7 55 64.1 178 37.5
299 251 FlindersUniversity AU L FC HI 3 29.1 301+ 6.2 301+ 87.7 77 13.5 301+ 12.5 301+ 67.7 157 37.2
300= 341 AmericanUniversityofBeirut(AUB) LB M FC HI 5 26.0 301+ 31.0 190 60.3 178 17.3 301+ 59.9 179 89.8 75 37.2

2011rank
2010rank
Institution
Country/Territory
Classification
Academic
Reputation
Employer
Reputation
FacultyStudent
Citationsper
Faculty
International
Faculty
International
Students
Overall
300= - BeijingNormalUniversity CN L CO VH 5 47.0 225 5.8 301+ 48.6 272 13.6 301+ 75.4 143 18.2 301+ 37.2
302 290 NationalYangMingUniversity TW S FC VH 3 15.3 301+ 3.0 301+ 98.2 39 45.1 235 13.3 301+ 12.3 301+ 37.1
303 258 UniversityofLondonSOAS GB S SP LO 4 36.7 296 12.4 301+ 49.7 261 2.5 301+ 99.8 25 100.0 9 37.1
304 313 UniversityofOulu FI M FC VH 4 25.8 301+ 5.5 301+ 87.3 79 31.4 301+ 24.1 301+ 8.3 301+ 36.9
305 308 UniversityofEasternFinland FI M CO VH 1 20.3 301+ 3.3 301+ 80.5 101 48.1 217 26.4 301+ 14.0 301+ 36.9
306= 249 IndianInstituteofTechnologyKanpur(IITK) IN S CO VH 4 41.5 267 25.6 207 34.0 301+ 50.4 199 1.3 301+ 36.8
306= 327 NationalChiaoTungUniversity TW M CO VH 5 27.6 301+ 5.1 301+ 50.5 252 47.5 221 57.6 192 41.6 286 36.8
308 336 UniversitatPompeuFabra ES M FO VH 2 36.5 300 8.5 301+ 45.6 300 28.1 301+ 73.5 148 44.2 273 36.8
309 - UniversitéBordeaux1,SciencesTechnologies FR M FO VH 3 29.0 301+ 65.0 157 31.5 301+ 39.8 253 60.7 193 36.6
310 303 UniversityofJyväskylä FI M CO VH 4 29.6 301+ 6.3 301+ 89.5 72 13.0 301+ 31.3 296 27.2 301+ 36.6
311 298 UniversityofSouthernDenmark DK L FO VH 2 23.7 301+ 11.2 301+ 64.3 159 32.4 301+ 51.8 206 66.3 166 36.6
312 324 UniversitätDüsseldorf DE L FC HI 3 18.8 301+ 6.0 301+ 50.0 256 72.1 97 8.9 301+ 55.1 218 36.4
313 293 UniversityofTromso NO S FC VH 3 17.3 301+ 3.8 301+ 99.9 16 23.9 301+ 41.6 247 25.6 301+ 36.1
314 354= HanyangUniversity KR L FC VH 4 32.9 301+ 9.6 301+ 74.4 122 13.5 301+ 22.9 301+ 46.6 258 35.9
315 305 UniversityofEssex GB M CO VH 3 37.7 286 2.9 301+ 29.6 301+ 20.1 301+ 97.9 39 98.7 25 35.8
316 271 LavalUniversity CA XL FC HI 5 33.9 301+ 1.2 301+ 18.9 301+ 76.5 88 43.3 236 35.6
317 286= LaTrobeUniversity AU L CO HI 3 43.7 253 9.5 301+ 17.7 301+ 18.1 301+ 93.9 62 91.3 62 35.5
318 280 BrandeisUniversity US M CO HI 4 22.8 301+ 1.8 301+ 39.5 301+ 68.6 111 11.5 301+ 66.7 163 35.5
319 329 UniversitéParisDescartes FR L FC VH 3 32.6 301+ 6.1 301+ 28.0 301+ 55.4 167 7.8 301+ 81.3 106 35.5
320 387 TecnológicodeMonterrey(ITESM) MX L FC MD 4 36.3 301+ 59.4 51 52.6 233 2.4 301+ 37.4 266 28.5 301+ 35.4
321 344 JohannesGutenbergUniversitätMainz DE XL FC HI 5 34.3 301+ 10.7 301+ 80.0 76 18.0 301+ 38.5 300 35.4
322 300= UniversitàdiPisa IT XL FC HI 5 55.1 179 9.6 301+ 8.9 301+ 46.6 227 1.3 301+ 9.5 301+ 35.3
323 318 ChibaUniversity JP L FC HI 5 27.5 301+ 4.6 301+ 83.3 92 25.7 301+ 5.2 301+ 20.7 301+ 35.2
324 401-450 UniversitéParisDauphine FR M SP MD 3 34.7 301+ 75.6 37 36.1 301+ 3.7 301+ 12.8 301+ 89.3 76 35.2
325 285 UniversityofCalifornia,Riverside(UCR) US L FC HI 4 29.4 301+ 1.2 301+ 15.3 301+ 90.3 47 9.0 301+ 15.3 301+ 34.9
326= 330 DublinCityUniversity(DCU) IE M FO VH 3 21.9 301+ 55.9 100 42.9 301+ 17.2 301+ 89.0 88 65.5 171 34.8
326= 340 VirginiaPolytechnicInstitute(VirginiaTech) US L FC VH 5 39.6 275 17.5 254 34.9 301+ 33.0 301+ 33.1 285 25.5 301+ 34.8
328 315 UniversitätdesSaarlandes DE L FC HI 4 20.7 301+ 1.7 301+ 30.3 301+ 70.8 100 54.5 201 52.4 227 34.7
329= 302 MasseyUniversity NZ L CO VH 4 40.1 272 13.5 300 29.4 301+ 18.8 301+ 96.9 44 41.8 284 34.6
329= 288 UniversitéMontpellier2 FR L FO VH 3 25.7 301+ 58.1 191 44.9 237 16.4 301+ 45.3 267 34.6
331 310 Ruhr-UniversitätBochum DE L FC VH 3 31.7 301+ 10.0 301+ 42.1 301+ 34.0 301+ 41.9 243 57.3 207 34.5
332 314 UniversityofthePhilippines PH XL FC MD 5 53.0 193 55.9 100 31.1 301+ 2.5 301+ 2.6 301+ 1.2 301+ 34.4
333 294 UniversitätLeipzig DE L FC VH 5 36.5 301+ 1.6 301+ 16.9 301+ 64.8 130 15.5 301+ 36.3 301+ 34.4
334 296 AstonUniversity GB M CO HI 5 22.0 301+ 59.4 51 21.1 301+ 26.7 301+ 93.0 67 94.0 53 34.3
335 309 UniversitiSainsMalaysia(USM) MY L FC HI 3 50.0 209 11.2 301+ 40.7 301+ 6.8 301+ 27.8 301+ 32.3 301+ 34.3
336 335 ArizonaStateUniversity US XL CO VH 5 49.5 213 9.7 301+ 16.0 301+ 39.8 266 13.7 301+ 19.8 301+ 34.3
337 393 UniversityatBuffaloSUNY US L FC VH 5 23.5 301+ 1.0 301+ 20.3 301+ 78.8 81 12.7 301+ 72.7 141 34.3
338 372 UnitedArabEmiratesUniversity AE L FC MD 3 31.6 301+ 9.0 301+ 42.4 301+ 9.9 301+ 100.0 1 90.3 67 34.2
339 275= UniversityofCincinnati US L FC VH 5 17.5 301+ 8.6 301+ 50.7 251 68.0 114 11.0 301+ 22.1 301+ 33.9
340 322 TechnischeUniversitätDresden DE XL FC VH 5 39.6 274 16.2 271 32.0 301+ 30.1 301+ 30.7 300 36.7 301+ 33.9
341 311 IndianInstituteofTechnologyKharagpur(IITKGP) IN M FO VH 4 32.1 301+ 21.2 230 43.1 301+ 47.8 218 1.2 301+ 33.9
342 321 UniversitasGadjahMada ID XL FC LO 4 56.7 170 37.9 162 25.0 301+ 1.3 301+ 24.1 301+ 5.0 301+ 33.8
343 320 UniversityofTasmania AU L CO HI 5 31.9 301+ 6.2 301+ 32.5 301+ 25.0 301+ 70.0 158 90.3 68 33.5
344 348 EwhaWomansUniversity KR L FC HI 5 37.6 287 8.4 301+ 58.7 187 12.4 301+ 21.5 301+ 32.5 301+ 33.5
345 382 UniversitéPaulSabatierToulouseIII FR L FO VH 3 38.5 282 51.8 244 17.4 301+ 33.7 283 37.2 301+ 33.4
346 323 GriffithUniversity AU L FC HI 3 35.1 301+ 16.2 269 17.2 301+ 18.2 301+ 97.7 40 93.3 56 32.9
347 - UniversidadCarlosIIIdeMadrid ES L FO VH 2 35.0 301+ 25.7 205 51.0 247 4.6 301+ 44.2 233 47.4 254 32.9
348 379 UniversitätRegensburg DE L FO VH 3 19.8 301+ 58.7 188 50.6 197 30.5 301+ 18.7 301+ 32.9
349 359 BostonCollege US L CO HI 5 31.6 301+ 18.5 246 32.6 301+ 22.8 301+ 95.9 53 35.2 301+ 32.8
350 390 UniversitéClaudeBernardLyon1 FR XL FC HI 3 38.6 281 6.8 301+ 28.7 301+ 36.8 286 10.8 301+ 46.6 259 32.7
351 361 BrunelUniversity GB L CO HI 3 23.1 301+ 37.9 162 21.1 301+ 27.6 301+ 93.8 63 90.7 65 32.6
352 354= JamesCookUniversity(JCU) AU M FC VH 3 23.0 301+ 4.6 301+ 24.3 301+ 48.5 213 91.0 82 64.3 176 32.6
353 358 UniversidadAustral AR S FO HI 2 22.7 301+ 37.9 162 83.4 91 3.2 301+ 9.0 301+ 24.6 301+ 32.5
354 351= WashingtonStateUniversity US L FC HI 5 32.4 301+ 6.2 301+ 36.4 301+ 29.9 301+ 74.8 144 22.9 301+ 32.4
355 316= UniversitätBielefeld DE L CO HI 3 38.4 283 3.0 301+ 12.8 301+ 56.5 160 17.2 301+ 26.5 301+ 32.3
356 451-500 CityUniversityLondon GB L CO HI 5 28.1 301+ 31.7 189 27.2 301+ 13.1 301+ 85.6 105 98.2 29 32.3
357 316= UniversityofWaikato NZ M CO HI 3 30.2 301+ 12.2 301+ 32.8 301+ 12.9 301+ 96.1 52 87.5 80 32.2
358 319 UniversitiPutraMalaysia(UPM) MY L FC HI 4 36.8 292 11.1 301+ 62.5 168 3.1 301+ 9.3 301+ 42.3 282 32.2
359 378 Philipps-UniversitätMarburg DE L FC HI 5 25.3 301+ 46.6 288 37.7 280 38.0 262 49.9 237 32.0
360= 307 AteneodeManilaUniversity PH M FC LO 5 41.4 268 55.9 100 38.1 301+ 1.3 301+ 15.0 301+ 11.6 301+ 32.0

2011rank
2010rank
Institution
Country/Territory
Classification
Academic
Reputation
Employer
Reputation
FacultyStudent
Citationsper
Faculty
International
Faculty
International
Students
Overall
360= 328 UniversitàdegliStudidiFirenze(UNIFI) IT XL FC HI 4 48.1 222 3.6 301+ 13.9 301+ 38.8 273 6.7 301+ 17.7 301+ 32.0
362 451-500 AalborgUniversity DK L FC HI 5 23.6 301+ 19.8 238 45.6 300 24.9 301+ 66.1 164 48.4 246 31.9
363 334 ColoradoStateUniversity US L CO VH 5 24.7 301+ 15.5 278 12.9 301+ 80.6 70 11.1 301+ 10.5 301+ 31.8
364 333 YorkUniversity CA XL CO HI 4 44.6 245 37.9 162 18.4 301+ 13.1 301+ 47.4 221 17.7 301+ 31.8
365 338 UniversityofConnecticut US L FC VH 5 19.0 301+ 5.0 301+ 39.2 301+ 64.3 133 24.3 301+ 21.1 301+ 31.7
366 349 Karl-Franzens-UniversitätGraz AT XL FO HI 5 36.8 293 5.5 301+ 11.2 301+ 44.2 240 57.9 191 35.8 301+ 31.7
367 339 UniversitätBremen DE L CO VH 3 34.3 301+ 5.2 301+ 35.3 301+ 31.3 301+ 23.2 301+ 45.5 266 31.6
368 383 UniversityofStGallen(HSG) CH M SP HI 5 21.0 301+ 55.9 100 28.8 301+ 6.7 301+ 96.3 47 99.0 22 31.5
369 - BirkbeckCollege,UniversityofLondon GB M FO VH 5 36.7 294 3.1 301+ 20.0 301+ 28.0 301+ 93.7 64 31.3 301+ 31.5
370 401-450 KingAbdulAzizUniversity(KAU) SA XL FC MD 3 34.3 301+ 4.6 301+ 53.1 227 1.6 301+ 68.9 160 42.5 281 31.3
371 401-450 UniversityofMissouri,Columbia US L FC VH 5 22.9 301+ 9.2 301+ 42.1 301+ 49.1 212 32.3 289 13.5 301+ 31.2
372 - CentralEuropeanUniversity HU S FO HI 2 20.9 301+ 17.5 253 98.3 38 4.1 301+ 31.2
373= N/A TaipeiMedicalUniversity TW M SP HI 4 19.3 301+ 4.8 301+ 41.8 301+ 58.5 148 18.9 301+ 25.3 301+ 31.1
373= - UniversitatPolitècnicadeCatalunya ES L CO VH 3 30.8 301+ 5.3 301+ 62.3 170 9.9 301+ 15.5 301+ 48.2 249 31.1
375 353 UniversidaddeNavarra ES M FC HI 4 21.1 301+ 16.0 272 58.0 194 22.5 301+ 20.7 301+ 63.6 180 31.0
376 399 UniversitätJena DE L FC HI 5 27.5 301+ 1.7 301+ 35.3 301+ 49.7 204 18.5 301+ 21.6 301+ 30.8
377 - SultanQaboosUniversity OM L FC MD 3 15.1 301+ 5.2 301+ 92.3 57 2.6 301+ 92.2 75 30.7
378 374 IllinoisInstituteofTechnology US M CO VH 5 21.1 301+ 5.1 301+ 47.8 276 24.1 301+ 35.5 277 100.0 4 30.7
379 - BaumanMoscowStateTechnicalUniversity RU L FO MD 5 17.8 301+ 20.9 231 100.0 8 1.0 301+ 1.0 301+ 9.6 301+ 30.5
380 401-450 UniversitádegliStudidiRoma-TorVergata IT XL CO VH 3 44.1 248 7.5 301+ 8.8 301+ 43.3 247 6.6 301+ 15.2 301+ 30.5
381 381 UniversidadeFederaldoRiodeJaneiro BR XL FC VH 4 45.1 238 5.0 301+ 34.2 301+ 18.1 301+ 13.4 301+ 4.3 301+ 30.5
382 401-450 Xi'anJiaotongUniversity CN L FC VH 5 31.5 301+ 20.4 235 62.1 171 9.7 301+ 5.9 301+ 11.5 301+ 30.5
383 350 UniversityofKentucky US L FC VH 5 13.8 301+ 5.0 301+ 38.8 301+ 73.7 93 11.3 301+ 13.8 301+ 30.4
384 363 UniversitàdegliStudidiPavia(UNIPV) IT L FC HI 5 33.5 301+ 7.2 301+ 13.6 301+ 58.4 150 7.0 301+ 15.9 301+ 30.3
385 337 BenGurionUniversityofTheNegev IL L FC HI 3 30.7 301+ 38.6 301+ 39.4 272 28.2 301+ 6.5 301+ 30.2
386 347 TheUniversityofGeorgia US XL FC HI 5 30.7 301+ 12.4 301+ 26.8 301+ 50.0 200 2.1 301+ 12.5 301+ 30.2
387 286= NationalandKapodistrianUniversityofAthens GR XL FC VH 5 36.5 298 9.4 301+ 18.2 301+ 42.6 253 12.1 301+ 23.5 301+ 30.1
388 - PontificiaUniversidadCatólicaSantaMaría(UCA) AR L FC LO 4 35.4 301+ 38.5 161 52.1 242 1.1 301+ 16.4 301+ 30.1
389 601+ MoscowStateInstituteofInternationalRelations RU M FO LO 4 13.2 301+ 14.7 289 99.5 26 1.0 301+ 1.3 301+ 50.5 232 30.0
390 369 UniversityofTampere FI M FO VH 4 26.6 301+ 9.5 301+ 44.9 301+ 28.9 301+ 25.9 301+ 33.5 301+ 29.9
391 385 UniversityofTennessee US L FC VH 5 19.1 301+ 7.6 301+ 42.6 301+ 54.5 171 14.9 301+ 15.0 301+ 29.9
392 397 SogangUniversity KR M CO HI 4 31.0 301+ 13.2 301+ 55.3 211 7.5 301+ 25.3 301+ 33.8 301+ 29.8
393 304 JagiellonianUniversity PL XL CO HI 5 36.4 301+ 13.5 301+ 52.7 231 9.7 301+ 6.0 301+ 10.6 301+ 29.8
394 396 UniversityofCoimbra PT L FC HI 5 41.5 266 5.4 301+ 27.4 301+ 21.7 301+ 15.4 301+ 29.3 301+ 29.8
395 346 UniversitéLille1,SciencesetTechnologie FR L FO VH 5 27.9 301+ 43.8 301+ 17.3 301+ 31.5 292 82.9 98 29.7
396 373 UniversitätBayreuth DE M CO VH 3 21.3 301+ 4.6 301+ 56.0 208 27.5 301+ 42.9 240 24.5 301+ 29.6
397 357 UniversityofManitoba CA L FC HI 5 23.2 301+ 4.7 301+ 44.7 301+ 43.0 249 33.3 301+ 29.5
398 371 UniversityofDelhi IN XL FC HI 4 53.1 191 55.9 100 2.3 301+ 7.1 301+ 1.3 301+ 3.2 301+ 29.5
399 360 UniversityofTheWitwatersrand ZA L FC HI 5 33.5 301+ 11.0 301+ 15.6 301+ 32.1 301+ 61.6 176 32.5 301+ 29.3
400 375 NovosibirskStateUniversity RU M FC HI 4 22.7 301+ 3.4 301+ 88.8 73 3.5 301+ 4.1 301+ 12.1 301+ 29.3
LEGEND
SIZE
FOCUS
RESEARCH
INTENSITY
AGE
XL–VeryLarge FC–FullyComprehensive VH– VeryHigh 5-Historic(>100years)
L– Large CO–Comprehensive HI– High 4-Mature(<100years)
M–Medium FO–Focused MD–Moderate 3-Established(<50years)
S– Small SP–Specialist LO– LimitedorNone 2-Young(<25years)
1-New(<10years)

2010rank
2009rank
Institution
Country/Territory
Classification
SIZE FOCUS RES. AGE
401-450 380 AberystwythUniversity GB M CO HI 5
401-450 501-550 Al-FarabiKazakhNationalUniversity KZ L CO MD 4
401-450 368 BangorUniversity GB M FC HI 5
401-450 332 BilkentUniversity TR M CO HI 3
401-450 401-450 CityUniversityofNewYork US XL CO VH 5
401-450 362 DeakinUniversity AU L FC HI 3
401-450 395 DublinInstituteofTechnology(DIT) IE M CO HI 3
401-450 401-450 FloridaStateUniversity US XL FC HI 5
401-450 386 Goldsmiths,UniversityofLondon GB M FO HI 5
401-450 356 Heriot-WattUniversity GB L 5
401-450 401-450 IndianInstituteofTechnologyRoorkee(IITR) IN S FO VH 5
401-450 451-500 JohannesKeplerUniversitätLinz(JKU) AT L CO HI 3
401-450 451-500 KanazawaUniversity JP M FC VH 4
401-450 451-500 L.N.GumilyovEurasianNationalUniversity KZ M CO LO 2
401-450 389 LinköpingUniversity SE L CO VH 3
401-450 451-500 Martin-Luther-UniversitätHalle-Wittenberg DE L FC HI 5
401-450 401-450 NagasakiUniversity JP M FO VH 4
401-450 - NankaiUniversity CN L FC HI 4
401-450 398 NationalCentralUniversity TW M CO VH 3
401-450 401-450 NationalSunYat-senUniversity TW M CO VH 3
401-450 370 NationalTaiwanUniv.ScienceandTechnology TW M FO VH 3
401-450 366 NUSTIslamabad PK M CO HI 2
401-450 401-450 OkayamaUniversity JP L FC HI 5
401-450 401-450 OregonStateUniversity US L CO VH 5
401-450 - OxfordBrookesUniversity GB L CO HI 5
401-450 392 PusanNationalUniversity KR L FC HI 4
401-450 - Renmin(People’s)UniversityofChina CN L FO HI 4
401-450 - StellenboschUniversity ZA L CO VH 5
401-450 376 SwanseaUniversity GB L FC HI 4
401-450 401-450 SwinburneUniversityofTechnology AU L CO HI 5
401-450 401-450 TianjinUniversity CN L CO VH 5
401-450 501-550 TilburgUniversity NL L FO VH 4
401-450 401-450 TokyoMetropolitanUniversity JP M CO VH 4
401-450 388 TongjiUniversity CN XL FC VH 5
401-450 501-550 UniversidaddeLosAndesColombia CO L FC MD 4
401-450 451-500 UniversidadedeSantiagodeCompostela ES L CO VH 5
401-450 - UniversidadeFederaldeSãoPaulo(UNIFESP) BR M FC VH 4
401-450 384 UniversidadeNovadeLisboa PT L FC HI 3
401-450 401-450 UniversitàdegliStudidiNapoliFedericoII IT XL FC VH 5
401-450 451-500 UniversitätDuisburg-Essen DE XL FC HI 3
401-450 365 UniversitiTeknologiMalaysia(UTM) MY L CO HI 5
401-450 351= UniversityofAlabama US L CO VH 5
401-450 - UniversityofGuelph CA L CO VH 3
401-450 377 UniversityofKansas US L FC VH 5
401-450 401-450 UniversityofKent GB L CO HI 3
401-450 451-500 UniversityofNebraska US L CO VH 5
401-450 401-450 UniversityofNewMexico US L FC VH 5
401-450 401-450 UniversityofOklahoma US L FC VH 5
401-450 451-500 UniversityofPorto PT XL FC HI 5
401-450 364 UniversityofWarsaw PL XL CO HI 5
2010rank
2009rank
Institution
Country/Territory
Classification
SIZE FOCUS RES. AGE
401-450 401-450 YokohamaCityUniversity JP S FO VH 5
451-500 401-450 AristotleUniversityofThessaloniki GR XL FC HI 4
451-500 401-450 BandungInstituteofTechnology(ITB) ID L CO MD 4
451-500 401-450 CarletonUniversity CA L CO VH 4
451-500 401-450 DrexelUniversity US L FC HI 5
451-500 451-500 GifuUniversity JP M FC HI 4
451-500 391 HowardUniversity US M FC HI 5
451-500 401-450 InhaUniversity KR L FC HI 4
451-500 - InternationalIslamicUniversityMalaysia(IIUM) MY L FC MD 3
451-500 451-500 Justus-Liebig-UniversitätGießen DE L FC HI 5
451-500 - KingKhalidUniversity SA M FC MD 2
451-500 401-450 KumamotoUniversity JP M FC VH 4
451-500 401-450 LehighUniversity US M CO VH 5
451-500 451-500 LeibnizUniversitätHannover DE L CO VH 5
451-500 501-550 LouisianaStateUniversity US L CO VH 5
451-500 451-500 NationalTaiwanNormalUniversity TW L CO HI 4
451-500 401-450 NortheasternUniversity US L CO VH 5
451-500 451-500 OsakaCityUniversity JP M FC VH 5
451-500 - PolitécnicadeMadrid ES XL SP VH 3
451-500 451-500 PolitecnicodiTorino IT L FO VH 5
451-500 551-600 RutgersUniversity-Newark US M CO HI 4
451-500 401-450 SabanciUniversity TR S CO HI 2
451-500 - ShanghaiUniversity CN XL CO VH 2
451-500 - SunYat-senUniversity CN XL FC VH 4
451-500 401-450 TechnischeUniversitätBraunschweig DE L CO VH 5
451-500 401-450 TomskStateUniversity RU L CO MD 5
451-500 451-500 UniversidaddeSalamanca ES L FC HI 5
451-500 501-550 UniversidaddeSantiagodeChile(USACH) CL L FC MD 5
451-500 551-600 UniversidadNacionaldeColombia CO XL FC MD 5
451-500 501-550 UniversidadNacionaldeLaPlata AR XL FC HI 5
451-500 451-500 UniversidadORTUruguay UY S FO MD 4
451-500 501-550 UniversidadPolitecnicadeValencia ES L CO VH 3
451-500 451-500 UniversitàdegliStudidiSiena(UNISI) IT L FC HI 5
451-500 451-500 UniversitàdegliStudidiTorino(UNITO) IT XL FC HI 5
451-500 401-450 UniversitàdegliStudidiTrento IT L CO HI 3
451-500 401-450 UniversitàdegliStudidiTrieste(UNITS) IT L FC HI 4
451-500 401-450 UniversitatdeValencia ES XL FC HI 5
451-500 451-500 UniversitédeRennes1 FR L FO VH 5
451-500 451-500 UniversitéduQuébec CA XL FC HI 3
451-500 401-450 UniversitéHenriPoincaré,Nancy1 FR L FO VH 3
451-500 394 UniversityofBradford GB M CO VH 3
451-500 401-450 UniversityofCrete GR L FC HI 3
451-500 401-450 UniversityofDelaware US L CO VH 5
451-500 451-500 UniversityofHull GB L FC HI 4
451-500 451-500 UniversityofLimerick(UL) IE M FC HI 3
451-500 401-450 UniversityofOregon US L CO HI 5
451-500 401-450 UniversityofVermont US L FC HI 5
451-500 501-550 UralFederalUniversity RU XL CO MD 4
451-500 451-500 VirginiaCommonwealthUniversity US L FC HI 5
451-500 - WuhanUniversity CN XL FC VH 5
Due to space constraints the names of some universities have been abbreviated to their acronym or to a shorter version of the full official name.

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Asian investment
continues to
reap dividends
This year’s rankings reflect proactive schemes to
improve standards at many Asian universities.
By Martin Ince and Danny Byrne
Ambitious schemes implemented by
governments throughout Asia have led
to dramatic developments in international
recognition and research standards, and this
improvement is again reﬂected in the 2011 QS
World University Rankings®. Of the leading
25 Asian universities, 21 improve on their 2010
position, with just three moving in the oppo-
site direction.There are 47 Asian universities in
the top 300 (two more than last year), and 88
institutions make the top 500.
Hong Kong University repeats its 2010
performance by taking the top spot in Asia,
moving up one place to 22nd and increas-
ing the gap with University of Tokyo to three
places. HKU is joined by fellow Hong Kong
institutions CUHK and HKUST in the top
50, and with HKU, University of Tokyo and
National University of Singapore cementing
their places in the top 30, leading Asian institu-
tions are now proving on a year-on-year basis
that they operate at a comparable level to the
world’s best.
However, despite the quality of Hong Kong
universities, in terms of the number of leading
institutions Japan is still the region’s major force
in world higher education.The University of
Tokyo, its top institution, is down one place
from 24 to 25, but apart from ETH Zurich
remains the top university in the world not
working mainly in English. It is also the
ﬁfth-highest ranked institution outside the
United States and the United Kingdom.
Tokyo’s only rival for prestige in the Japanese
system, Kyoto, has also taken a slight fall this
year, from 25 to 32. But more generally, there
are 34 Japanese institutions in the 742 we list,
some with substantially improved ranking
positions, and 11 in our top 200.
Many of these 11 are making tangible
progress in our rankings. Seven have risen in
position including Kyushu and Hokkaido,
which are up by 30 and 36 places respectively.
The two fallers,Waseda and Tsukuba, have
suffered only slightly and remain in the top
200. Keio,Waseda’s big rival among the Tokyo
private providers, has regained its top 200 slot.
Since the 2010 rankings China has displaced
Japan as the world’s second-biggest economy,
and this year has seen improved performances
from most of China’s leading universities.
Tsinghua University moves up seven places to
join Peking University in the world top 50, and
Fudan University became the third Chinese
university to rank within the world top 100.
There are now eight Chinese universities in the
global top 200, one more than in 2010.
The leading Chinese universities have very
strong academic reputations, with Peking
University rated 18th in the world by global
academics. However, they are still held back by
a comparative lack of research impact. Only
one Chinese university makes the top 200 for
citations per faculty member, and nearly every
Chinese university performs worse in this
indicator than they do overall.This indicates
that while government investment may have
increased the number of papers being pub-
lished by Chinese academics, they are not yet
having as great an impact within global
academia as those of their peers.
Leading Asian
institutions are now
proving on a
year-on-year basis
that they operate
at a comparable
level to the
world’s best.

The region’s second most populous na-
tion, India has itself drawn up ambitious
higher education goals, but 2011 has been
a disappointing year, with all of the nation’s
universities ranking lower than in 2010. IIT
Bombay dropped from 187 to 225, mean-
ing there is now no Indian university in the
global top 200.A number of the Indian In-
stitutes of Technology performed well in the
engineering and technology subject rank-
ings published by QS earlier in the year, but
significant investment and development will
be required before they compete with the
leading Asian institutions in overall rankings.
No Indian university ranks in the top 200
for citations per faculty, indicating a lack
of research impact. Large class sizes are also
reflected in the fact that no Indian university
makes the top 300 for student faculty ratio.
However, there is better news among global
employers. Four Indian universities were
rated as among the top 100 by employers for
producing highly skilled graduates, indicating
that though they may lack research strength,
the best Indian universities are nonetheless
doing a better job at equipping students with
skills that help them thrive in the workplace.
YOUNG UNIVERSITIES ON THE RISE
One might reasonably expect universi-
ties to abide by the laws of the space-time
continuum by getting older each year.Yet the
average age of the top 100 in the 2011 QS
World University Rankings® is seven years
younger than in 2010.There was a turnover
of just five universities passing in and out
of the top 100 this year, itself a measure of
the stability derived from using a consistent
methodology over a number of years.
University of Mississippi, Erasmus
University Rotterdam, Universität Freiburg,
University of Oslo and Lomonosov
Moscow State University dropped out of the
top 100 this year.All are comprehensive
universities, and have a reasonably stately
average age of 229 years.
Their replacements in this year’s top 100
were Tohuko University, Georgia Institute of
Technology, Fudan University,The University
of Adelaide and POSTECH.Their average
age is under 100 years old, with the youngest
addition, POSTECH, founded as recently as
1986. Just two of the new members of the
top 100, Georgia Tech and The University of
Adelaide, can trace their roots to before the
20th century – by 26 and 15 years respectively.
The elite cadre of US and UK universities
that dominate the top ten are united by the
many decades – if not centuries – of tradition
and investment underpinning their reputa-
tions. From the medieval colleges of Oxford
and Cambridge, the ornate libraries of Harvard
andYale, to UCL with its neoclassical columns
and embalmed philosopher, these are historic
seats of learning.The top ten have between
them been active for a combined total of nearly
3,500 years.
The economist Richard Levin has spoken of
the ambition of Asian universities to catch up
with this old boys’ club of pre-eminent uni-
versities, and emphasises the difficulty of doing
so without years of continuous investment.
“World-class universities achieve their status by
assembling scholars and scientists who are glob-
al leaders in their field.This takes time. It took
centuries for Harvard andYale to achieve parity
with Oxford and Cambridge, and more than
half a century for Stanford and the University
of Chicago (both founded 1892) to achieve
world-class reputations.”
While this statement is borne out by the
prominence of the universities that Levin men-
tions in the QS World University Rankings®,
some of the most rapid progress in recent years
has been made by universities that we might
expect to be at a much earlier stage in their
development.This is particularly noticeable
in Asia.A major part of government strategic
planning in the past decades has been the need
to innovate, particularly in the high-impact
disciplines of science, engineering and
technology (STEM).
Nanyang Technological University breaks
the world top 60 for the first time, just 20
years after it was established.Also founded in
1991, Hong Kong University of Science and
Technology (40) is similarly precocious, and is
comfortably the youngest university in the top
50. In Korea, KAIST (90) and POSTECH (98)
both make the top 100, with POSTECH
gaining 14 places. Both universities were
established in the last 40 years.
These young universities are raising millions
in funds to fuel the growth and help build
state-of-the-art laboratories and facilities. NTU
spent S$830 million in sustainability research,
HKUST’s budget for research in 2009-2010
was HK$ 426 million, and KAIST has set a
goal to raise 1 trillion won by 2013 for various
academic advancement programs.
Continued investment from public and
private sectors will be crucial to the develop-
ment of these upwardly mobile institutions, but
the evidence from this year’s rankings is that
the state of Asia’s universities has perhaps never
been healthier.

TRANSFORMING THE
FUTURE
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» Science
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** 2010 QS World University rankings
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Anglophone institutions continue to have the edge in rankings, despite
the efforts of continental European institutions, says Danny Byrne
The 12 months that have passed since
the publication of the 2010 QS World
University Rankings® have at times been tur-
bulent for UK universities, yet this year’s results
go some distance toward allaying sensationalist
claims about their imminent demise. University
of Cambridge retains the number one position
it prised from Harvard last year, while Oxford
and Imperial move up one place apiece to five
and six. In a top 20 with an average fluctua-
tion of just 1.6 places, University of Edinburgh
was the only new addition, moving up two
places to 20th.
English has long been a lingua franca in many
areas of global academia, and there is no doubt
that this gives Anglophone universities certain
advantages over their peers, which are reflected
in rankings.A common language allows for the
easier accumulation of world-leading faculty
and students, as well as the wider dissemination
of research.The top ten
universities in the re-
search-based indicators
of citations per faculty
and academic reputation
all operate primarily in
English, with the sole
exception of University
of Tokyo (ranked 7th by
global academics). The
only non-Anglophone
university to make it
into the top 20 is again
ETH Zurich (18), re-
inforcing its reputation
as arguably the world’s
premier institution that
does not primarily op-
erate in English.
The fee increases that
come into effect for
home and EU students at English universities
from 2012 may have implications for leading
universities in continental Europe. Recipro-
cal fee arrangements mean that many EU
students will be able to study in countries such
as France and Germany for a fraction of the
cost, whereas speculation has been rife that
there will be greater numbers of UK students
seeking their education elsewhere in the EU,
particularly in countries such as the Nether-
lands where an increasing number of degree
programs are offered in English.
The Netherlands again punches well above
its weight considering its size, with 12 universi-
ties in the top 300, 11 of which made the top
200.Though performance compared to last
year has been mixed, with six universities rising
and six falling in the rankings, institutions such
as University of Amsterdam (63) and Utrecht
University (79) will become increasingly at-
tractive options for students throughout the
EU.The reported merger talks taking place
between Leiden University (88), Rotterdam
Erasmus University (103) and Delft Univer-
sity of Technology (104)
could also have an effect
on rankings performance
if implemented, with all
three institutions cur-
rently performing at a
similar level.
Mergers of state-funded
institutions have become
increasingly common in
Europe in recent years.
While rankings are a
secondary cause for this
trend – an indication of
the research competitive-
ness such schemes are in-
tended to facilitate rather
than an end in themselves
– recently merged Eu-
ropean institutions have
performed well this year.
Finland’s Aalto University, a new amalgama-
tion of three previously separate institutions,
jumped to 232, having ranked 250 in 2010.
Similarly, France’s Strasbourg University – now
the country’s largest institution following the
merger of Louis Pasteur University, Marc Bloch
University and Robert Schuman University in
2009 – improved by 19 places to rank 227.
Yet despite the efforts of its competitors
and its own recent economic travails, US
dominance at the top end of the QS World
University Rankings® shows little sign of
relinquishing. Harvard may remain deposed
from its once-customary number one position,
but the US still accounts for six of the top ten
and 20 of the top 50 institutions.There are 70
US universities in the top 300, nearly double
the number of its closest competitor the UK,
and just under half of them are in the top 100.
MIT (3) moves up two places to record its
highest ever position, leapfroggingYale to
rejig last year’s US top three. Chicago (8)
retains its position, while UPenn and
Columbia move up replace Caltech
and Princeton in the top ten.
The major advantage that US
universities continue to hold over
their UK counterparts is research
strength, as demonstrated by the
citations-per-faculty criterion.This
indicator should not be taken at face
value when viewed in isolation, as it tends
to favour research-intensive institutions
that focus on disciplines, such as the sciences
and technology, in which citation rates are
high. Indeed, this is one of the reasons why
it is counterbalanced by the discipline-inde-
pendent academic reputation survey. However,
this year’s citation-per-faculty data nonetheless
points to the dominance of US universities
in producing cutting-edge research.When
comparing only institutions that rank within
the top 100 overall, the UK has one university
in the top 40 for citations per faculty (Cam-
bridge); the US has 20.
Part of this is a matter of finance.With soar-
ing tuition fees and endowments, the private
US universities have incomparable financial
clout. UK universities are more reliant on state
A common
language allows
for the easier
accumulation of
world-leading
faculty and students,
as well as the
wider dissemination
of research
English-language
research still a big advantage
in global rankings

subsidy, yet government spending on higher
education falls below the OECD average.
Tuition fee increases may help UK universi-
ties sustain their income in the long term, but
the reality is that institutions such as Harvard,
Yale and MIT will still operate on a different
financial plane to the vast majority.This has
an inevitable effect on research productivity,
particularly in STEM subjects, where research
expenditure is naturally far greater than in
non-technical subjects such as arts
and humanities.
Yet while the US institutions dominate
research citations, UK universities perform
particularly strongly in the reputation-based
indicators. Particularly in the case of the
employer review, this may reflect established
reputations based on successive generations of
highly-skilled graduates.Yet in the case of the
academic peer review in particular, it indicates
that standards remain on a par with the world’s
best.Academics are best placed to judge where
the best research is being produced in their
field of expertise, so Cambridge and Oxford’s
top-three placing in this measure points to
ongoing excellence in the full range of
academic disciplines, not just historically
accumulated prestige.
Strong performances in the Employer
Review also come from Australian institutions,
led by Melbourne in equal fourth place. Of 23
Australian universities in the top 500, 15 rank
higher in the Employer Review than they do
overall.This recognition of the high standard of
graduates entering the job market from Aus-
tralian institutions is testament to the job that
universities are doing in equipping them with
skills that help them thrive in the workplace.
With all of the Group of Eight now ranked
within the global top 100, and Melbourne (31)
moving up to within five places of ANU (26)
near the top of the rankings, these are positive
signs in a year in which the sector has faced
concerns about a potential drop-off in
international student numbers.

Middle Eastern universities
begin to make their mark
They may be at an early stage in their development, but investment
schemes of Middle Eastern nations are beginning to pay dividends,
says Martin Ince
Across the Middle East, nations large and
small are developing plans for higher
education. Some have immeasurable sums of
oil wealth to spend on this ambition, but even
those that lack billions of petrodollars see no
reason to be left behind.
Some Middle Eastern nations want universi-
ties for the new knowledge they generate,
with an eye on replacing oil money with high
technology employment. But others are aware
of the soft power potential of universities in
the struggle for world prominence.They would
like universities that are good enough for their
elites not to assume that their children have
to go to Harvard or Oxford to complete their
education.
The World University Rankings for 2011 are
an early test of Middle Eastern plans for aca-
demic excellence.They show that the region,
from Turkey to Egypt and the Gulf, has 35
universities in the 740 that we rank.At nearly
one in 20 of the total, this group far exceeds
the Middle East’s share of world population.
This figure does not include the five Israeli
universities that are ranked, which for political
reasons are highly disconnected from the rest of
the region’s educational culture.
The most heavily-publicized university am-
bitions in the Middle East belong to Saudi Ara-
bia, and their success is seen in the seven Saudi
universities in our rankings.These include King
Saud University at number 200 in the WUR,
and King Fahd University of Petroleum and
Minerals at 221.These two are the region’s
top-ranking universities by some distance.
More striking is the progress which these
seven are making in the QS World University
Rankings. Of last year’s contingent, King Abdul
Aziz University (KAU) rose from the 401+ to
rank at 370, and Umm Al-Qura University is
still in the 501-550 band. But King Faisal and
King Khalid universities are new entrants, the
second of them entering immediately into the
451-500 zone.The other four have all risen, for
example from 221 to 200 for King Saud.
The only nation in the region with more
ranked universities than Saudi Arabia is Turkey
with eight. Bilkent is highest-placed in our
401-450 grouping. Both it and the Middle East
Technical University appear in our citations
rankings and attract international faculty, but
no Turkish university impresses global employ-
ers or academics. Beyond these two nations,
Egypt has five universities here but no other
nation manages more than two.
Middle Eastern nations have chosen a variety
of ways of developing their higher education.
Qatar, which has one university here, is also
home to Education City, a development zone
that houses local branches of Cornell, Carnegie
Mellon, Georgetown, HEC,Texas A+M and
other US and European universities. It is dif-
ficult to capture this development in rankings
such as ours. Qatar is also committed to spend-
ing 2.8 per cent of GDP on research, probably
the highest figure in the world.
We cannot yet tell what effect the events
of the Arab Spring will have on education in
the region, although students and professors
have been enthusiastic participants. But it is
axiomatic that universities reflect the society
they belong to, which suggests that change is
inevitable.
The World
University
Rankings for
2011 are an
early test
of Middle
Eastern plans
for academic
excellence.

Methodology
The QS World University Rankings®
currently
considers over 2,000 and evaluates over 700
universities in the world, ranking the top 400. Plans
continue to broaden the work in terms of number
of institutions and deepen it in terms of the detail
provided to users.
METHODOLOGY
Six indicators are drawn together to form an international ranking of universities:
In addition, rankings in ﬁve broad faculty areas are produced:Arts & Humanities, Engineering
& Technology, Life Sciences & Medicine, Natural Sciences and Social Sciences & Management.
These are based entirely on the results of our global academic survey unlike the more sophisti-
cated approach taken to derive the QS World University Rankings® by Subject
1_ Academic Reputation from global survey 40%
2_ Employer Reputation from global survey 10%
3_Citations per Faculty from SciVerse Scopus 20%
4_ Faculty Student Ratio 20%
5_ Proportion of International Students 5%
6_ Proportion of International Faculty 5%
2011 ACADEMIC SURVEY RESPONSES
33,744Academic Responses
The QS Global Academic Survey now stands
as the largest survey of its type yet on the
opinions of academics globally with a re-
sponse of almost 34,000 in 2011. This phe-
nomenal result is, in part, due to investment
in survey software, survey design, effective-
ness of communication and database man-
agement, but also reﬂects the strong aware-
ness and interest right around the world in
the QS World University Rankings® and
university evaluations generally.
2011 EMPLOYER SURVEY RESPONSES
16,785Employer Responses
The QS Global Employer Survey has seen a
dramatic increase in response in 2011 from
slightly over 5,000 in 2010 to almost 17,000
in 2011. Growth has been seen worldwide
but nowhere more profoundly than in Latin
America, where a campaign conducted in
Spanish met with great success. Responses
are closely scrutinized and weighted to elimi-
nate biases that may result from dispropor-
tionate response levels.

Can rankings really help students
choose their university?
Ranking Name Country UGD Range ($) PGD range ($)
International
UG range ($)
International
PG range ($)
1 University of CAMBRIDGE UK 14,000 - 16,000 4,000 - 6,000 18,000 - 20,000 20,000 - 22,000
2 HARVARD University US 38,000 - 40,000 36,000 - 38,000 38,000 - 40,000 36,000 - 38,000
3 MASSACHUSETTS Institute of Technology (MIT) US 38,000 - 40,000 40,000 - 42,000 38,000 - 40,000 40,000 - 42,000
4 YALE University US 38,000 - 40,000 32,000 - 34,000 38,000 - 40,000 32,000 - 34,000
5 University of OXFORD UK 14,000 - 16,000 4,000 - 6,000 20,000 - 22,000 20,000 - 22,000
6 IMPERIAL College London UK 14,000 - 16,000 4,000 - 6,000 30,000 - 32,000 32,000 - 34,000
7 UCL (University College London) UK 14,000 - 16,000 6,000 - 8,000 24,000 - 26,000 24,000 - 26,000
8 University of CHICAGO US 42,000 - 44,000 42,000 - 44,000 42,000 - 44,000 42,000 - 44,000
9 University of PENNSYLVANIA US 40,000 - 42,000 26,000 - 28,000 40,000 - 42,000 26,000 - 28,000
10 COLUMBIA University US 42,000 - 44,000 38,000 - 40,000 42,000 - 44,000 38,000 - 40,000
11 STANFORD University US 40,000 - 42,000 38,000 - 40,000 40,000 - 42,000 38,000 - 40,000
12 CALIFORNIA Institute of Technology (Caltech) US 36,000 - 38,000 36,000 - 38,000 36,000 - 38,000 36,000 - 38,000
13 PRINCETON University US 36,000 - 38,000 38,000 - 40,000 36,000 - 38,000 38,000 - 40,000
14 University of MICHIGAN, Ann Arbor US 10,000 - 12,000 16,000 - 18,000 36,000 - 38,000 36,000 - 38,000
15 CORNELL University US 38,000 - 40,000 28,000 - 30,000 38,000 - 40,000 28,000 - 30,000
16 JOHNS HOPKINS University US 40,000 - 42,000 40,000 - 42,000 40,000 - 42,000 40,000 - 42,000
17 MCGILL University CA 4,000 - 6,000 4,000 - 6,000 18,000 - 20,000 14,000 - 16,000
18 ETH Zurich (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology) CH < 2000 < 2000 < 2000 < 2000
19 DUKE University US 40,000 - 42,000 38,000 - 40,000 40,000 - 42,000 38,000 - 40,000
20 University of EDINBURGH UK 2,000 - 4,000 6,000 - 8,000 16,000 - 18,000 18,000 - 20,000
21 University of California, BERKELEY US 10,000 - 12,000 10,000 - 12,000 32,000 - 34,000 24,000 - 26,000
22 University of Hong Kong HK 4,000 - 6,000 4,000 - 6,000 14,000 - 16,000 14,000 - 16,000
23 University of TORONTO CA 10,000 - 12,000 12,000 - 14,000 32,000 - 34,000 28,000 - 30,000
24 NORTHWESTERN University US 40,000 - 42,000 40,000 - 42,000 40,000 - 42,000 40,000 - 42,000
25 University of Tokyo JP 6,000 - 8,000 6,000 - 8,000 6,000 - 8,000 0
26 AUSTRALIAN National University AU 6,000 - 8,000 22,000 - 24,000 40,000 - 42,000 28,000 - 30,000
27 KING'S College London UK 14,000 - 16,000 6,000 - 8,000 20,000 - 22,000 20,000 - 22,000
28 National University of SINGAPORE SG 34,000 - 36,000 6,000 - 8,000 40,000 - 42,000 18,000 - 20,000
29 University of MANCHESTER UK 14,000 - 16,000 8,000 - 10,000 18,000 - 20,000 22,000 - 24,000
30 University of BRISTOL UK 14,000 - 16,000 6,000 - 8,000 20,000 - 22,000 20,000 - 22,000
31 The University of MELBOURNE AU 6,000 - 8,000 0 28,000 - 30,000 24,000 - 26,000
32 Kyoto University JP 6,000 - 8,000 6,000 - 8,000 4,000 - 6,000 4,000 - 6,000
33 École Normale Supérieure, PARIS FR < 1,000 < 1,000 < 1,000 < 1,000
34 University of CALIFORNIA, Los Angeles (UCLA) US 10,000 - 12,000 10,000 - 12,000 32,000 - 34,000 24,000 - 26,000
35 Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de LAUSANNE CH < 2000 < 2000 < 2000 < 2000
36 ÉCOLE POLYTECHNIQUE FR < 1,000 6,000 - 8,000 < 1,000 6,000 - 8,000
37 The Chinese University of Hong Kong HK 4,000 - 6,000 4,000 - 6,000 12,000 - 14,000 12,000 - 14,000
38 The University of SYDNEY AU 6,000 - 8,000 22,000 - 24,000 30,000 - 32,000 28,000 - 30,000
39 BROWN University US 40,000 - 42,000 40,000 - 42,000 40,000 - 42,000 40,000 - 42,000
40 Hong Kong University of Science & Technology HK 4,000 - 6,000 4,000 - 6,000 8,000 - 10,000 < 2000
41 University of WISCONSIN, Madison US 8,000 - 10,000 10,000 - 12,000 24,000 - 26,000 24,000 - 26,000
42 Seoul National University KR 4,000 - 6,000 4,000 - 6,000 4,000 - 6,000 4,000 - 6,000
43 CARNEGIE MELLON University US 42,000 - 44,000 36,000 - 38,000 42,000 - 44,000 36,000 - 38,000
44 NEW YORK University (NYU) US 40,000 - 42,000 34,000 - 36,000 40,000 - 42,000 34,000 - 36,000
45 Osaka University JP 6,000 - 8,000 6,000 - 8,000 4,000 - 6,000 8,000 - 10,000
46 Peking University CN < 1,000 2,000 - 4,000 4,000 - 6,000 4,000 - 6,000
47 TsingHua University CN < 2000 < 2000 4,000 - 6,000 6,000 - 8,000
48 University of QUEENSLAND AU 6,000 - 8,000 < 2000 22,000 - 24,000 12,000 - 14,000
49 University of NEW SOUTH WALES AU 6,000 - 8,000 8,000 - 10,000 28,000 - 30,000 28,000 - 30,000
50 University of WARWICK UK 14,000 - 16,000 8,000 - 10,000 20,000 - 22,000 20,000 - 22,000

Market-based fee systems make independent
university comparisons vital, says Tim Rogers
We live in very interesting times. For
decades, the topic of higher education,
university admissions, tuition fees and graduate
employment featured, if at all, buried deep
in the pages of our national newspapers. In
recent months, however, since the release of
the Browne Report and the UK Government’s
White Paper on higher education, universities
are front-page news, almost on a daily basis.
New demands from students, the Government
and employers to make the university experi-
ence more relevant to the contemporary labour
market have transformed the higher education
landscape in the UK and discussions on social
mobility, transferable skills and the funding of
education are now commonplace.
Interesting times may also dictate changing
times for UK and European students aim-
ing to enter university in 2012 and beyond.
The implementation of what might be called
“market rate” tuition fees calls into question
for the first time whether universities and their
individual undergraduate degree programs
represent value for money equally. With higher
rates of student debt facing most students in
the UK in the future, the question “what do
I get for my money?” arises in a way students
have never had to face before. The logical
response to such a situation is the provision of
more detailed and perhaps greater volumes of
relevant advisory information.
The role of rankings, in this context, may
prove much more powerful. Related to the
UK Government’s own revised approach to
higher education, the collection of independ-
ent and objective data on the performance of
universities across a range of measures, such
as entry standards, student satisfaction, tuition
fees and graduate employment rates, is likely
to be critical for all those concerned with
making the right choice on where to study. To
quote the White Paper itself,“We will radically
improve and expand the information available
to prospective students, making available much
more information about individual courses at
individual institutions and graduate employ-
ment prospects.”
The availability of rankings for UK, EU and
international students to help support them
choosing a university program is nothing new.
A range of publications, including many na-
tional newspapers, magazines and now websites,
have developed rankings or league tables to
help support better student choice for over a
decade. Ben Sowter, Head of the QS Intel-
ligence Unit, the power behind the QS World
University Rankings®, sees the use of rankings
by prospective students as only now becoming
more and more important:“With higher tui-
tion fees in place in the UK, students and their
parents are bound to look for more detailed
information that compares programs, universi-
ties and even graduates of specific institutions
directly. Information that is based on solid
data will help all those involved in choosing
where to study to make much better and more
informed choices.”
Phil Moss, an education and admissions con-
sultant specializing in counselling UK students
to gain access to university, believes that the
advent of fees will change a number of behav-
iours but sounds a note of caution on the use
of university rankings and league tables,“Any
university ranking offers additional information
and is likely to help students and their parents
make better decisions about where to study,
but the need to balance them with other, more
human factors will continue to be important.
Advice from alumni or current students can
be as valuable in providing a genuine insight
into the experience or quality of a particularly
degree program and add an element that rank-
ings can never convey – the actual emotion of
a university experience.”
While rankings are perhaps not the answer
for all issues related to university or program
choice, the provision of a set of measures that
contribute to an understanding of the rela-
tive quality of an institution is very valuable.
Rankings, such as those offered by QS, have
the added advantage of offering a detailed
insight into the relative strengths of
universities in the UK and further
afield at the subject level. Such at-
tempts at providing information at
this micro-level can only support
prospective students in making
the best decision possible for their
university choice and their future
careers. For many, in the changed
reality of tuition fees and increas-
ing demand for university under-
graduate places, the availability
of more and more information
can only be a good thing.
The implementation of
full-cost student tuition fees will change the
UK university environment forever – and for
many it has already started to. Students and
their parents will seek greater reassurances, not
only that the university experience and the
likely qualification gained will provide value
for money relative to the competition, but also
that a genuine future return on their invest-
ment is probable, if not guaranteed. University
rankings and external assessments can only
add a very valuable dimension to the decision-
making process for all those concerned, as
more and more students assess whether their
university choice is the best possible one
for them.
In the changed
reality of tuition fees and
increasing demand for
university undergraduate
places, the availability of
more information can only
be a good thing

by Subject
By Danny Byrne
Though overall rankings have become a
valuable tool for prospective students, they
are necessarily limited in their ability to reflect
the strengths of specialist institutions as op-
posed to comprehensive universities. In order
to expand the scope of the rankings, 2011 has
seen the inaugural publication of the QS World
University Rankings® by Subject. Using a
combination of survey data from the QS World
University Rankings® and new citation data
from Scopus, the subject rankings zoom in to
provide a subject-specific ranking focusing on
three key criteria:Academic Reputation, Em-
ployer Reputation and Citations per Paper.
Rankings have been produced in 26 narrow
subject areas, with the weightings of the three
indicators adjusted to best reflect their relative
importance in a given field; citations are given
a greater weighting in the more data-driven
fields, whereas in subjects with typically low
citation rates the emphasis is placed on
reputation.While a handful of leading
comprehensive universities perform strongly
in most disciplines - Harvard, MIT, Berkeley,
Stanford andYale in the US, and Oxford and
Cambridge in the UK – the added value of
the exercise can be seen in the number of
universities that display a specialist strength
that is overlooked in overall league tables.
Below is a table featuring some of the best
examples of universities that perform
significantly better in a given specialist
discipline than they do in the overall 2011
QS World University Rankings®.
The number-one spots in the rankings were
split between five universities: Harvard (top in a
remarkable 16 subjects), followed by MIT (top
in six), Cambridge (top in two), and Oxford
and Stanford, with one discipline apiece. Spe-
cialist institutions also highlight their areas of
expertise to a greater extent than is possible in
the overall table. For example, LSE shows that
it is a world-class research institution in certain
areas of the social sciences by finishing fourth
in both Economics and Politics. However, in
the overall table it is inevitably disadvantaged
by operating in significantly fewer disciplines
than most of its competitors.
Institution Country/Region World Rank Subject Overall 2011 Rank
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) US 1 Six subjects* 3
University of Oxford UK 1 Geography 5
Stanford University US 1 Statistics 11
UC Berkeley US 2 Four subjects* 21
University of Chicago US 5 Sociology 8
London School of Economics and Political
Science (LSE)
UK 4 Two subjects* 64
Imperial College London UK 5
Engineering - Civil
& Structural
6
McGill University Canada 9 Linguistics 17
Australian National University (ANU) Australia 6 Philosophy 26
National University of Singapore (NUS) Singapore 7 Statistics 28
University of Edinburgh UK 7 Linguistics 20
University of Toronto Canada 7
English Language
and Literature
23
Johns Hopkins University US 8 Medicine 16
University of Melbourne Australia 8 Psychology 31
University of California, San Diego (UCSD) US 10
Biological
Sciences
77
ETH Zurich Switzerland 10
Engineering - Civil
& Structural
18
New York University (NYU) US 10 Law 44
University of Sydney Australia 11 Law 38
University of British Columbia (UBC) Canada 11
Environmental
Sciences
51
* MIT: Computer Sciences; Electrical Engineering;
Chemical Engineering; Civil and Structural Engineering;
Mechanical,Aeronautical and Manufacturing Engineering;
Material Sciences
* UC Berkeley: Material Sciences; Environmental Sciences;
Geography; Sociology
*LSE: Economics; Politics
Full QS rankings in 26 individual disciplines
can be viewed at www.topuniversities.com/
university-rankings

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