SlideShare ist ein Scribd-Unternehmen logo
1 von 48
Innovation –Processes &Tools A Two-Day Workshop Session 2A:  Making Innovation Work I 17/10/11
Program Overview ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],17/10/11
Framework for the Practice of Innovation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],17/10/11 4Ms:  Methods, Money, Manpower, Mindspace
17/10/11 The 5 Disciplines of Innovation The Definition of Innovation A relentless focus on the creation and delivery of  new customer value to the marketplace within a framework of business viability
7 Rules of Innovation 17/10/11 Source: Making Innovation Work (Davila, Epstein, Shelton)
17/10/11 The 7 Rules of Innovation Rule 1  Exert strong leadership on portfolio  decisions and encourage significant  value creation. Source: Making Innovation Work (Davila, Epstein, Shelton)
17/10/11 The 7 Rules of Innovation Rule 2  Integrate innovation into  the company's basic  business mentality.  Make it a core  competency. Source: Making Innovation Work (Davila, Epstein, Shelton)
17/10/11 The 7 Rules of Innovation Rule 3  Align the amount and type of  innovation to the company's  business. Select a "play to win" or a  "play not to lose" innovation  strategy. Source: Making Innovation Work (Davila, Epstein, Shelton)
17/10/11 The 7 Rules of Innovation Rule 4  Manage the natural tension  between creativity and value  capture so that the company  generates successful new  ideas while gaining the  maximum return on its  investment. Source: Making Innovation Work (Davila, Epstein, Shelton)
17/10/11 Neutralize organizational  antibodies that kill off good ideas  because they're different from  the status quo. The 7 Rules of Innovation Rule 5  Source: Making Innovation Work (Davila, Epstein, Shelton)
17/10/11 Recognize that the fundamental building blocks  of innovation are networks that include people  and knowledge -- both inside and outside the  company boundaries. The 7 Rules of Innovation Rule 6
17/10/11 Create the right metrics and incentives to foster innovation. The 7 Rules of Innovation Rule 7
17/10/11 7 Rules  of Innovation Source: Making Innovation Work (Davila, Epstein, Shelton)   2 1 3 5 7 4 6 1. Strong Leadership 2. Integrate into Business Model 3. Align Type & Amount 4. Manage the Tension 5. Netralize Antibodies 6. Recognize Networks 7. Metrics & Incentives
Making Innovation Work ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],17/10/11 Source: Making Innovation Work (Davila, Epstein, Shelton)
Innovation –Processes &Tools ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],17/10/11
17/10/11 Making Innovation Work To manage change successfully, we can look for ways to apply  3 levers of business model innovation and 3 levers of technology innovation . So there are 6 levers of innovation that you can use!
The 6 Levers of Innovation 17/10/11 Enabling Technologies Target Customer Process Technologies Supply Chain Product and Services Value Proposition Technology Innovation Business Model Innovation Source: Making Innovation Work (Davila, Epstein, Shelton)
17/10/11 Making Innovation Work Source: Making Innovation Work (Davila, Epstein, Shelton)   Nano - a car for Rs. 1 lakh Business Model Innovation Value Proposition
17/10/11 Making Innovation Work Source: Making Innovation Work (Davila, Epstein, Shelton)   Delivering a pizza in under 30 minutes Business Model Innovation Supply Chain
17/10/11 Making Innovation Work Source: Making Innovation Work (Davila, Epstein, Shelton)   Scooter for women Business Model Innovation Target Customer
17/10/11 Making Innovation Work Camera on a cellphone Technology Innovation Source: Making Innovation Work (Davila, Epstein, Shelton)   Product and Services
17/10/11 Making Innovation Work ATMs for cash payment  Technology Innovation Source: Making Innovation Work (Davila, Epstein, Shelton)   Process Technology
17/10/11 Making Innovation Work Email delivery platforms Technology Innovation Source: Making Innovation Work (Davila, Epstein, Shelton)   Enabling technology
Making Innovation Work ,[object Object],17/10/11 Source: Making Innovation Work (Davila, Epstein, Shelton)   5. Process Technogies  ATMs for cash payment  4. Product or service  Camera on a cellphone 3. Target Customer  Scooter for women 2. Supply Chain  Delivering a pizza in under 30 minutes 1. Value Proposition  Nano - a car for Rs. 1 lakh Business Model Innovation Technology Innovation
The 6 Levers of Innovation 17/10/11 Enabling Technologies Target Customer Process Technologies Supply Chain Product and Services Value Proposition Technology Innovation Business Model Innovation Source: Making Innovation Work (Davila, Epstein, Shelton)
17/10/11 Making Innovation Work There are essentially 4 types of innovation  Incremental   Semi-Radical (2) Radical With business or technology innovation, they form a 2 X 2 matrix!
17/10/11 Semi-Radical Little change: T Major change: BM Source: Making Innovation Work (Davila, Epstein, Shelton)   The Innovation Framework: 4 types of innovation are possible Making Innovation Work Technology Innovation Business Model Innovation Semi-Radical Little change: BM Major change: T Radical Major change: T Major change: BM Incremental Little change: T Little change: BM
Making Innovation Work 17/10/11 Source: Making Innovation Work (Davila, Epstein, Shelton)   Incremental innovations are a way to squeeze out as much value as possible from existing products or services without making significant changes or major investments. Cell-phones (Nokia etc) constantly adding features to the basic model.
Making Innovation Work 17/10/11 Source: Making Innovation Work (Davila, Epstein, Shelton)   Semi-radical innovation involves substantial change to either the business model or technology – but not to both.  Shopper’s Stop – supermarket  business model applied to retailing. Major change in business model. Little change in technology.
Making Innovation Work 17/10/11 Source: Making Innovation Work (Davila, Epstein, Shelton)   Semi-radical innovation involves substantial change to either the business model or technology – but not to both.  Optical disks or CDs distributed by the same market channels. Major change in technology. Little change in business model.
17/10/11 Making Innovation Work Source: Making Innovation Work (Davila, Epstein, Shelton)   A radical innovation is a significant change that simultaneously affects both the business model and the technology. DTH: Satellite impacting  cable TV operators Pen Drives : Flash tech sold as gifts in shops
17/10/11 Making Innovation Work Choose Your Innovation Strategy Is your innovation strategy play-to-win or play-not-to-lose?  Play-to-win Play-not-to-lose
Making Innovation Work 17/10/11 Source: Making Innovation Work (Davila, Epstein, Shelton)   Play-to-Win  (PTW) PTW is a risky market-leading strategy that relies heavily on semi-radical or radical innovation to drive transformation and create market-changing ideas and products. iPod and iTunes redefined  the way music was enjoyed,  as well as created and distributed
Making Innovation Work 17/10/11 Source: Making Innovation Work (Davila, Epstein, Shelton)   Play-Not-to-Lose  (PNTL) PNTL is a safer strategy that includes more incremental innovation in the portfolio than a PTW strategy, and aims to ensure that a business can still stay in the game.  Jet Airways acquired Air Sahara  and renamed it as JetLite, a low- cost competitor to Kingfisher Red.
17/10/11 Making Innovation Work Case Study Air Deccan
Making Innovation Work 17/10/11 Source: Making Innovation Work (Davila, Epstein, Shelton)   Choose Your Strategy Air Deccan Case Study I Q1. What type of innovation was Air Deccan using? Q2. What was Air Deccan’s strategy? Play-to-Win or Play-Not-to-Lose? Q3. Was this strategy successful as an innovative business model? Q4. How does this case relate to innovation in Tata Motors?
Making Innovation Work 17/10/11 Source: Making Innovation Work (Davila, Epstein, Shelton)   Choose Your Strategy Air Deccan Case Study II Q1. What were the factors that led to Air Deccan becoming part of the UB Group’s up-market Kingfisher brand? Q2. What is Air Deccan’s strategy now? Play-to-Win or Play-Not-to-Lose?
Making Innovation Work 17/10/11 Source: Making Innovation Work (Davila, Epstein, Shelton)   Choose Your Strategy Air Deccan Case Study Q3. Which of these factors impacted Air Deccan most?  Internal Factors External Factors ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Making Innovation Work ,[object Object],17/10/11 Source: Making Innovation Work (Davila, Epstein, Shelton)
The 6 Levers of Innovation 17/10/11 Enabling Technologies Target Customer Process Technologies Supply Chain Product and Services Value Proposition Technology Innovation Business Model Innovation Source: Making Innovation Work (Davila, Epstein, Shelton)
17/10/11 Semi-Radical Little change: T Major change: BM Source: Making Innovation Work (Davila, Epstein, Shelton)   The Innovation Matrix Making Innovation Work Technology Innovation Business Model Innovation Semi-Radical Little change: BM Major change: T Radical Major change: T Major change: BM Incremental Little change: T Little change: BM
17/10/11 Making Innovation Work Is your innovation strategy play-to-win or play-not-to-lose?  Play-to-win Play-not-to-lose
17/10/11 Making Innovation Work Choose Your Strategy Is your innovation strategy play-to-win or play-not-to-lose?  How do you manage your strategy? Air Deccan case ,[object Object],[object Object]
Framework for the Practice of Innovation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],17/10/11 4Ms:  Methods, Money, Manpower, Mindspace
17/10/11 The 5 Disciplines of Innovation The Definition of Innovation A relentless focus on the creation and delivery of  new customer value to the marketplace within a framework of business viability
Program Overview ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],17/10/11
17/10/11 Making Innovation Work System for e-ticket printing Technology Innovation Source: Making Innovation Work (Davila, Epstein, Shelton)   Process technology
17/10/11 Making Innovation Work Fail early – to succeed faster! Source: Making Innovation Work (Davila, Epstein, Shelton)

Weitere ähnliche Inhalte

Was ist angesagt?

Think Act Adapt & Innovate like a Startup!
Think Act Adapt & Innovate like a Startup!Think Act Adapt & Innovate like a Startup!
Think Act Adapt & Innovate like a Startup!Creatovate Pty Ltd
 
The Disciplines of Continuous innovation
The Disciplines of Continuous innovationThe Disciplines of Continuous innovation
The Disciplines of Continuous innovationBrad Power
 
Corporate Innovation : developing a lean & curious culture : Michel Duchateau...
Corporate Innovation : developing a lean & curious culture : Michel Duchateau...Corporate Innovation : developing a lean & curious culture : Michel Duchateau...
Corporate Innovation : developing a lean & curious culture : Michel Duchateau...Michel Duchateau
 
Class 1 - course overview Berkeley/Columbia Lean Launchpad Xmba 296t
Class 1 - course overview Berkeley/Columbia Lean Launchpad Xmba 296tClass 1 - course overview Berkeley/Columbia Lean Launchpad Xmba 296t
Class 1 - course overview Berkeley/Columbia Lean Launchpad Xmba 296tStanford University
 
Innovation at Alaska Airlines
Innovation at Alaska AirlinesInnovation at Alaska Airlines
Innovation at Alaska AirlinesPSAMA
 
IT-enabled Business Innovation Workshop 8 July 2011
IT-enabled Business Innovation Workshop 8 July 2011IT-enabled Business Innovation Workshop 8 July 2011
IT-enabled Business Innovation Workshop 8 July 2011Lead & Transform
 
Patent Prosecution Intelligence Webinar (2019)
Patent Prosecution Intelligence Webinar (2019)Patent Prosecution Intelligence Webinar (2019)
Patent Prosecution Intelligence Webinar (2019)Patexia Inc.
 
Pattern of Innovation
Pattern of InnovationPattern of Innovation
Pattern of Innovationjoelcrabb
 
Workshop on Intellectual Property, Innovation & Commercial Best Practices
Workshop on Intellectual Property, Innovation & Commercial Best PracticesWorkshop on Intellectual Property, Innovation & Commercial Best Practices
Workshop on Intellectual Property, Innovation & Commercial Best PracticesMartin Schweiger
 
Overview of the Implementing Innovation Course
Overview of the Implementing Innovation CourseOverview of the Implementing Innovation Course
Overview of the Implementing Innovation CourseBrad Power
 
Innovation Lab Canvas - Methodology Overview
Innovation Lab Canvas - Methodology OverviewInnovation Lab Canvas - Methodology Overview
Innovation Lab Canvas - Methodology OverviewManfred Tropper
 
Stanford entrepreneurship classes in 2016
Stanford entrepreneurship classes in 2016Stanford entrepreneurship classes in 2016
Stanford entrepreneurship classes in 2016Stanford University
 
Stop the innovation wars
Stop the innovation warsStop the innovation wars
Stop the innovation warsWei Li
 
Get Set Grow - Navigating the Startup Lifecycle - Sudhir Swamy
 Get Set Grow - Navigating the Startup Lifecycle - Sudhir Swamy Get Set Grow - Navigating the Startup Lifecycle - Sudhir Swamy
Get Set Grow - Navigating the Startup Lifecycle - Sudhir SwamySudhir Swamy
 
Open innovation: only two things to remember
Open innovation: only two things to rememberOpen innovation: only two things to remember
Open innovation: only two things to rememberCREAX
 
The Lean Startup - Startup Analytics
The Lean Startup - Startup AnalyticsThe Lean Startup - Startup Analytics
The Lean Startup - Startup AnalyticsDr. Judith Grummer
 

Was ist angesagt? (20)

Think Act Adapt & Innovate like a Startup!
Think Act Adapt & Innovate like a Startup!Think Act Adapt & Innovate like a Startup!
Think Act Adapt & Innovate like a Startup!
 
The Disciplines of Continuous innovation
The Disciplines of Continuous innovationThe Disciplines of Continuous innovation
The Disciplines of Continuous innovation
 
Corporate Innovation : developing a lean & curious culture : Michel Duchateau...
Corporate Innovation : developing a lean & curious culture : Michel Duchateau...Corporate Innovation : developing a lean & curious culture : Michel Duchateau...
Corporate Innovation : developing a lean & curious culture : Michel Duchateau...
 
Innovation through technology
Innovation through technologyInnovation through technology
Innovation through technology
 
Class 1 - course overview Berkeley/Columbia Lean Launchpad Xmba 296t
Class 1 - course overview Berkeley/Columbia Lean Launchpad Xmba 296tClass 1 - course overview Berkeley/Columbia Lean Launchpad Xmba 296t
Class 1 - course overview Berkeley/Columbia Lean Launchpad Xmba 296t
 
Innovation at Alaska Airlines
Innovation at Alaska AirlinesInnovation at Alaska Airlines
Innovation at Alaska Airlines
 
IT-enabled Business Innovation Workshop 8 July 2011
IT-enabled Business Innovation Workshop 8 July 2011IT-enabled Business Innovation Workshop 8 July 2011
IT-enabled Business Innovation Workshop 8 July 2011
 
Innovation labs
Innovation labsInnovation labs
Innovation labs
 
Patent Prosecution Intelligence Webinar (2019)
Patent Prosecution Intelligence Webinar (2019)Patent Prosecution Intelligence Webinar (2019)
Patent Prosecution Intelligence Webinar (2019)
 
Pattern of Innovation
Pattern of InnovationPattern of Innovation
Pattern of Innovation
 
The Startup Lifecycle (Presented by CEI and friends)
The Startup Lifecycle (Presented by CEI and friends)The Startup Lifecycle (Presented by CEI and friends)
The Startup Lifecycle (Presented by CEI and friends)
 
Workshop on Intellectual Property, Innovation & Commercial Best Practices
Workshop on Intellectual Property, Innovation & Commercial Best PracticesWorkshop on Intellectual Property, Innovation & Commercial Best Practices
Workshop on Intellectual Property, Innovation & Commercial Best Practices
 
Overview of the Implementing Innovation Course
Overview of the Implementing Innovation CourseOverview of the Implementing Innovation Course
Overview of the Implementing Innovation Course
 
Innovation Lab Canvas - Methodology Overview
Innovation Lab Canvas - Methodology OverviewInnovation Lab Canvas - Methodology Overview
Innovation Lab Canvas - Methodology Overview
 
Stanford entrepreneurship classes in 2016
Stanford entrepreneurship classes in 2016Stanford entrepreneurship classes in 2016
Stanford entrepreneurship classes in 2016
 
Stop the innovation wars
Stop the innovation warsStop the innovation wars
Stop the innovation wars
 
Get Set Grow - Navigating the Startup Lifecycle - Sudhir Swamy
 Get Set Grow - Navigating the Startup Lifecycle - Sudhir Swamy Get Set Grow - Navigating the Startup Lifecycle - Sudhir Swamy
Get Set Grow - Navigating the Startup Lifecycle - Sudhir Swamy
 
Delft climate kic 070212 part 1
Delft climate kic 070212 part 1Delft climate kic 070212 part 1
Delft climate kic 070212 part 1
 
Open innovation: only two things to remember
Open innovation: only two things to rememberOpen innovation: only two things to remember
Open innovation: only two things to remember
 
The Lean Startup - Startup Analytics
The Lean Startup - Startup AnalyticsThe Lean Startup - Startup Analytics
The Lean Startup - Startup Analytics
 

Andere mochten auch

Steve Farber's The Radical Leap: Extreme Leadership at Work and Beyond
Steve Farber's The Radical Leap: Extreme Leadership at Work and BeyondSteve Farber's The Radical Leap: Extreme Leadership at Work and Beyond
Steve Farber's The Radical Leap: Extreme Leadership at Work and Beyondstevefarber
 
Radical Redesign
Radical RedesignRadical Redesign
Radical RedesignMindLab
 
Radical Change Theory
Radical Change TheoryRadical Change Theory
Radical Change Theorymdscils598s09
 
Marketing & Innovation - Introduction
Marketing & Innovation - IntroductionMarketing & Innovation - Introduction
Marketing & Innovation - IntroductionMarcos_EMLV
 
Change Management PPT Slides
Change Management PPT SlidesChange Management PPT Slides
Change Management PPT SlidesYodhia Antariksa
 

Andere mochten auch (7)

Change
ChangeChange
Change
 
Steve Farber's The Radical Leap: Extreme Leadership at Work and Beyond
Steve Farber's The Radical Leap: Extreme Leadership at Work and BeyondSteve Farber's The Radical Leap: Extreme Leadership at Work and Beyond
Steve Farber's The Radical Leap: Extreme Leadership at Work and Beyond
 
Radical Redesign
Radical RedesignRadical Redesign
Radical Redesign
 
Radical Change Theory
Radical Change TheoryRadical Change Theory
Radical Change Theory
 
Marketing & Innovation - Introduction
Marketing & Innovation - IntroductionMarketing & Innovation - Introduction
Marketing & Innovation - Introduction
 
Change management
Change managementChange management
Change management
 
Change Management PPT Slides
Change Management PPT SlidesChange Management PPT Slides
Change Management PPT Slides
 

Ähnlich wie In 2 making inno work

Delivering More Breakthrough Products Final
Delivering More Breakthrough Products FinalDelivering More Breakthrough Products Final
Delivering More Breakthrough Products Finaltheungoy
 
Asoke 20das-20sarma-131008015751-phpapp02
Asoke 20das-20sarma-131008015751-phpapp02Asoke 20das-20sarma-131008015751-phpapp02
Asoke 20das-20sarma-131008015751-phpapp02PMI_IREP_TP
 
Asoke das sarma
Asoke das sarmaAsoke das sarma
Asoke das sarmaPMI2011
 
David bott tsb for bbaa
David bott tsb for bbaaDavid bott tsb for bbaa
David bott tsb for bbaaeventsbbaa
 
13 0911 session 1 & 2 webinars-all slides
13 0911 session 1 & 2 webinars-all slides13 0911 session 1 & 2 webinars-all slides
13 0911 session 1 & 2 webinars-all slidesCleantechOpen
 
Scaling Up and Commercialising Metamaterials
Scaling Up and Commercialising MetamaterialsScaling Up and Commercialising Metamaterials
Scaling Up and Commercialising MetamaterialsKTN
 
Taipei crisis.2 show 5.26.2010
Taipei crisis.2 show 5.26.2010Taipei crisis.2 show 5.26.2010
Taipei crisis.2 show 5.26.2010frog
 
Introduction to Marketing & Innovation - MCT / Dauphine / EMLV
Introduction to Marketing & Innovation - MCT / Dauphine / EMLVIntroduction to Marketing & Innovation - MCT / Dauphine / EMLV
Introduction to Marketing & Innovation - MCT / Dauphine / EMLVMarcos Lima
 
Introduction to Management of Technology
Introduction to Management of TechnologyIntroduction to Management of Technology
Introduction to Management of TechnologyTarek Salah
 
Open innovation presentation austech 2013
Open innovation presentation austech 2013Open innovation presentation austech 2013
Open innovation presentation austech 2013Frank Wyatt
 
Applying Innovation in Software Development
Applying Innovation in Software DevelopmentApplying Innovation in Software Development
Applying Innovation in Software DevelopmentAmish Gandhi
 
Trends And Patterns In Service Innovation//Motiv Strategies
Trends And Patterns In Service Innovation//Motiv StrategiesTrends And Patterns In Service Innovation//Motiv Strategies
Trends And Patterns In Service Innovation//Motiv StrategiesMotiv Strategies
 
增加常識
增加常識增加常識
增加常識honan4108
 
Chap11 Developing Business/IT Strategies
Chap11 Developing Business/IT StrategiesChap11 Developing Business/IT Strategies
Chap11 Developing Business/IT StrategiesAqib Syed
 
Mission StatementMission StatementMission StatementMaurice.docx
Mission StatementMission StatementMission StatementMaurice.docxMission StatementMission StatementMission StatementMaurice.docx
Mission StatementMission StatementMission StatementMaurice.docxaltheaboyer
 
Session08 entrepreneurship andtransformation
Session08 entrepreneurship andtransformationSession08 entrepreneurship andtransformation
Session08 entrepreneurship andtransformationOpenLearningLab
 

Ähnlich wie In 2 making inno work (20)

Delivering More Breakthrough Products Final
Delivering More Breakthrough Products FinalDelivering More Breakthrough Products Final
Delivering More Breakthrough Products Final
 
Asoke 20das-20sarma-131008015751-phpapp02
Asoke 20das-20sarma-131008015751-phpapp02Asoke 20das-20sarma-131008015751-phpapp02
Asoke 20das-20sarma-131008015751-phpapp02
 
Asoke das sarma
Asoke das sarmaAsoke das sarma
Asoke das sarma
 
David bott tsb for bbaa
David bott tsb for bbaaDavid bott tsb for bbaa
David bott tsb for bbaa
 
13 0911 session 1 & 2 webinars-all slides
13 0911 session 1 & 2 webinars-all slides13 0911 session 1 & 2 webinars-all slides
13 0911 session 1 & 2 webinars-all slides
 
Scaling Up and Commercialising Metamaterials
Scaling Up and Commercialising MetamaterialsScaling Up and Commercialising Metamaterials
Scaling Up and Commercialising Metamaterials
 
Taipei crisis.2 show 5.26.2010
Taipei crisis.2 show 5.26.2010Taipei crisis.2 show 5.26.2010
Taipei crisis.2 show 5.26.2010
 
Introduction to Marketing & Innovation - MCT / Dauphine / EMLV
Introduction to Marketing & Innovation - MCT / Dauphine / EMLVIntroduction to Marketing & Innovation - MCT / Dauphine / EMLV
Introduction to Marketing & Innovation - MCT / Dauphine / EMLV
 
Introduction to Management of Technology
Introduction to Management of TechnologyIntroduction to Management of Technology
Introduction to Management of Technology
 
Open innovation presentation austech 2013
Open innovation presentation austech 2013Open innovation presentation austech 2013
Open innovation presentation austech 2013
 
Applying Innovation in Software Development
Applying Innovation in Software DevelopmentApplying Innovation in Software Development
Applying Innovation in Software Development
 
Pch International
Pch InternationalPch International
Pch International
 
Trends And Patterns In Service Innovation//Motiv Strategies
Trends And Patterns In Service Innovation//Motiv StrategiesTrends And Patterns In Service Innovation//Motiv Strategies
Trends And Patterns In Service Innovation//Motiv Strategies
 
Gem innovation
Gem innovationGem innovation
Gem innovation
 
增加常識
增加常識增加常識
增加常識
 
Chap11 Developing Business/IT Strategies
Chap11 Developing Business/IT StrategiesChap11 Developing Business/IT Strategies
Chap11 Developing Business/IT Strategies
 
Mission StatementMission StatementMission StatementMaurice.docx
Mission StatementMission StatementMission StatementMaurice.docxMission StatementMission StatementMission StatementMaurice.docx
Mission StatementMission StatementMission StatementMaurice.docx
 
Session08 entrepreneurship andtransformation
Session08 entrepreneurship andtransformationSession08 entrepreneurship andtransformation
Session08 entrepreneurship andtransformation
 
GES 2011 vanhaverbeke
GES 2011 vanhaverbekeGES 2011 vanhaverbeke
GES 2011 vanhaverbeke
 
Innovation
InnovationInnovation
Innovation
 

Mehr von Various Projects

Mehr von Various Projects (8)

In 13 open innovation
In 13 open innovationIn 13 open innovation
In 13 open innovation
 
In 05 the 10 faces
In 05 the 10 facesIn 05 the 10 faces
In 05 the 10 faces
 
In 02 scamper 1 2015
In 02 scamper 1 2015In 02 scamper 1 2015
In 02 scamper 1 2015
 
In 4 SCAMPER Toyota iQ
In 4 SCAMPER Toyota iQIn 4 SCAMPER Toyota iQ
In 4 SCAMPER Toyota iQ
 
In 7 Innovation Leaders
In 7 Innovation LeadersIn 7 Innovation Leaders
In 7 Innovation Leaders
 
In 6 e-Choupal Case Study
In 6 e-Choupal Case StudyIn 6 e-Choupal Case Study
In 6 e-Choupal Case Study
 
In 5 The 10 Faces
In 5 The 10 FacesIn 5 The 10 Faces
In 5 The 10 Faces
 
In 4 scamper
In 4 scamperIn 4 scamper
In 4 scamper
 

Kürzlich hochgeladen

PHX May 2024 Corporate Presentation Final
PHX May 2024 Corporate Presentation FinalPHX May 2024 Corporate Presentation Final
PHX May 2024 Corporate Presentation FinalPanhandleOilandGas
 
It will be International Nurses' Day on 12 May
It will be International Nurses' Day on 12 MayIt will be International Nurses' Day on 12 May
It will be International Nurses' Day on 12 MayNZSG
 
Russian Call Girls In Gurgaon ❤️8448577510 ⊹Best Escorts Service In 24/7 Delh...
Russian Call Girls In Gurgaon ❤️8448577510 ⊹Best Escorts Service In 24/7 Delh...Russian Call Girls In Gurgaon ❤️8448577510 ⊹Best Escorts Service In 24/7 Delh...
Russian Call Girls In Gurgaon ❤️8448577510 ⊹Best Escorts Service In 24/7 Delh...lizamodels9
 
Falcon Invoice Discounting: The best investment platform in india for investors
Falcon Invoice Discounting: The best investment platform in india for investorsFalcon Invoice Discounting: The best investment platform in india for investors
Falcon Invoice Discounting: The best investment platform in india for investorsFalcon Invoice Discounting
 
Call Girls Kengeri Satellite Town Just Call 👗 7737669865 👗 Top Class Call Gir...
Call Girls Kengeri Satellite Town Just Call 👗 7737669865 👗 Top Class Call Gir...Call Girls Kengeri Satellite Town Just Call 👗 7737669865 👗 Top Class Call Gir...
Call Girls Kengeri Satellite Town Just Call 👗 7737669865 👗 Top Class Call Gir...amitlee9823
 
Call Girls Hebbal Just Call 👗 7737669865 👗 Top Class Call Girl Service Bangalore
Call Girls Hebbal Just Call 👗 7737669865 👗 Top Class Call Girl Service BangaloreCall Girls Hebbal Just Call 👗 7737669865 👗 Top Class Call Girl Service Bangalore
Call Girls Hebbal Just Call 👗 7737669865 👗 Top Class Call Girl Service Bangaloreamitlee9823
 
JAYNAGAR CALL GIRL IN 98274*61493 ❤CALL GIRLS IN ESCORT SERVICE❤CALL GIRL
JAYNAGAR CALL GIRL IN 98274*61493 ❤CALL GIRLS IN ESCORT SERVICE❤CALL GIRLJAYNAGAR CALL GIRL IN 98274*61493 ❤CALL GIRLS IN ESCORT SERVICE❤CALL GIRL
JAYNAGAR CALL GIRL IN 98274*61493 ❤CALL GIRLS IN ESCORT SERVICE❤CALL GIRLkapoorjyoti4444
 
Mysore Call Girls 8617370543 WhatsApp Number 24x7 Best Services
Mysore Call Girls 8617370543 WhatsApp Number 24x7 Best ServicesMysore Call Girls 8617370543 WhatsApp Number 24x7 Best Services
Mysore Call Girls 8617370543 WhatsApp Number 24x7 Best ServicesDipal Arora
 
Cracking the Cultural Competence Code.pptx
Cracking the Cultural Competence Code.pptxCracking the Cultural Competence Code.pptx
Cracking the Cultural Competence Code.pptxWorkforce Group
 
Call Now ☎️🔝 9332606886🔝 Call Girls ❤ Service In Bhilwara Female Escorts Serv...
Call Now ☎️🔝 9332606886🔝 Call Girls ❤ Service In Bhilwara Female Escorts Serv...Call Now ☎️🔝 9332606886🔝 Call Girls ❤ Service In Bhilwara Female Escorts Serv...
Call Now ☎️🔝 9332606886🔝 Call Girls ❤ Service In Bhilwara Female Escorts Serv...Anamikakaur10
 
FULL ENJOY Call Girls In Majnu Ka Tilla, Delhi Contact Us 8377877756
FULL ENJOY Call Girls In Majnu Ka Tilla, Delhi Contact Us 8377877756FULL ENJOY Call Girls In Majnu Ka Tilla, Delhi Contact Us 8377877756
FULL ENJOY Call Girls In Majnu Ka Tilla, Delhi Contact Us 8377877756dollysharma2066
 
SEO Case Study: How I Increased SEO Traffic & Ranking by 50-60% in 6 Months
SEO Case Study: How I Increased SEO Traffic & Ranking by 50-60%  in 6 MonthsSEO Case Study: How I Increased SEO Traffic & Ranking by 50-60%  in 6 Months
SEO Case Study: How I Increased SEO Traffic & Ranking by 50-60% in 6 MonthsIndeedSEO
 
Call Girls Service In Old Town Dubai ((0551707352)) Old Town Dubai Call Girl ...
Call Girls Service In Old Town Dubai ((0551707352)) Old Town Dubai Call Girl ...Call Girls Service In Old Town Dubai ((0551707352)) Old Town Dubai Call Girl ...
Call Girls Service In Old Town Dubai ((0551707352)) Old Town Dubai Call Girl ...allensay1
 
Malegaon Call Girls Service ☎ ️82500–77686 ☎️ Enjoy 24/7 Escort Service
Malegaon Call Girls Service ☎ ️82500–77686 ☎️ Enjoy 24/7 Escort ServiceMalegaon Call Girls Service ☎ ️82500–77686 ☎️ Enjoy 24/7 Escort Service
Malegaon Call Girls Service ☎ ️82500–77686 ☎️ Enjoy 24/7 Escort ServiceDamini Dixit
 
Nelamangala Call Girls: 🍓 7737669865 🍓 High Profile Model Escorts | Bangalore...
Nelamangala Call Girls: 🍓 7737669865 🍓 High Profile Model Escorts | Bangalore...Nelamangala Call Girls: 🍓 7737669865 🍓 High Profile Model Escorts | Bangalore...
Nelamangala Call Girls: 🍓 7737669865 🍓 High Profile Model Escorts | Bangalore...amitlee9823
 
Falcon Invoice Discounting: Empowering Your Business Growth
Falcon Invoice Discounting: Empowering Your Business GrowthFalcon Invoice Discounting: Empowering Your Business Growth
Falcon Invoice Discounting: Empowering Your Business GrowthFalcon investment
 
Value Proposition canvas- Customer needs and pains
Value Proposition canvas- Customer needs and painsValue Proposition canvas- Customer needs and pains
Value Proposition canvas- Customer needs and painsP&CO
 
Call Girls in Delhi, Escort Service Available 24x7 in Delhi 959961-/-3876
Call Girls in Delhi, Escort Service Available 24x7 in Delhi 959961-/-3876Call Girls in Delhi, Escort Service Available 24x7 in Delhi 959961-/-3876
Call Girls in Delhi, Escort Service Available 24x7 in Delhi 959961-/-3876dlhescort
 

Kürzlich hochgeladen (20)

PHX May 2024 Corporate Presentation Final
PHX May 2024 Corporate Presentation FinalPHX May 2024 Corporate Presentation Final
PHX May 2024 Corporate Presentation Final
 
It will be International Nurses' Day on 12 May
It will be International Nurses' Day on 12 MayIt will be International Nurses' Day on 12 May
It will be International Nurses' Day on 12 May
 
Russian Call Girls In Gurgaon ❤️8448577510 ⊹Best Escorts Service In 24/7 Delh...
Russian Call Girls In Gurgaon ❤️8448577510 ⊹Best Escorts Service In 24/7 Delh...Russian Call Girls In Gurgaon ❤️8448577510 ⊹Best Escorts Service In 24/7 Delh...
Russian Call Girls In Gurgaon ❤️8448577510 ⊹Best Escorts Service In 24/7 Delh...
 
Falcon Invoice Discounting: The best investment platform in india for investors
Falcon Invoice Discounting: The best investment platform in india for investorsFalcon Invoice Discounting: The best investment platform in india for investors
Falcon Invoice Discounting: The best investment platform in india for investors
 
Call Girls Kengeri Satellite Town Just Call 👗 7737669865 👗 Top Class Call Gir...
Call Girls Kengeri Satellite Town Just Call 👗 7737669865 👗 Top Class Call Gir...Call Girls Kengeri Satellite Town Just Call 👗 7737669865 👗 Top Class Call Gir...
Call Girls Kengeri Satellite Town Just Call 👗 7737669865 👗 Top Class Call Gir...
 
Call Girls Hebbal Just Call 👗 7737669865 👗 Top Class Call Girl Service Bangalore
Call Girls Hebbal Just Call 👗 7737669865 👗 Top Class Call Girl Service BangaloreCall Girls Hebbal Just Call 👗 7737669865 👗 Top Class Call Girl Service Bangalore
Call Girls Hebbal Just Call 👗 7737669865 👗 Top Class Call Girl Service Bangalore
 
JAYNAGAR CALL GIRL IN 98274*61493 ❤CALL GIRLS IN ESCORT SERVICE❤CALL GIRL
JAYNAGAR CALL GIRL IN 98274*61493 ❤CALL GIRLS IN ESCORT SERVICE❤CALL GIRLJAYNAGAR CALL GIRL IN 98274*61493 ❤CALL GIRLS IN ESCORT SERVICE❤CALL GIRL
JAYNAGAR CALL GIRL IN 98274*61493 ❤CALL GIRLS IN ESCORT SERVICE❤CALL GIRL
 
Mysore Call Girls 8617370543 WhatsApp Number 24x7 Best Services
Mysore Call Girls 8617370543 WhatsApp Number 24x7 Best ServicesMysore Call Girls 8617370543 WhatsApp Number 24x7 Best Services
Mysore Call Girls 8617370543 WhatsApp Number 24x7 Best Services
 
Cracking the Cultural Competence Code.pptx
Cracking the Cultural Competence Code.pptxCracking the Cultural Competence Code.pptx
Cracking the Cultural Competence Code.pptx
 
Call Now ☎️🔝 9332606886🔝 Call Girls ❤ Service In Bhilwara Female Escorts Serv...
Call Now ☎️🔝 9332606886🔝 Call Girls ❤ Service In Bhilwara Female Escorts Serv...Call Now ☎️🔝 9332606886🔝 Call Girls ❤ Service In Bhilwara Female Escorts Serv...
Call Now ☎️🔝 9332606886🔝 Call Girls ❤ Service In Bhilwara Female Escorts Serv...
 
FULL ENJOY Call Girls In Majnu Ka Tilla, Delhi Contact Us 8377877756
FULL ENJOY Call Girls In Majnu Ka Tilla, Delhi Contact Us 8377877756FULL ENJOY Call Girls In Majnu Ka Tilla, Delhi Contact Us 8377877756
FULL ENJOY Call Girls In Majnu Ka Tilla, Delhi Contact Us 8377877756
 
unwanted pregnancy Kit [+918133066128] Abortion Pills IN Dubai UAE Abudhabi
unwanted pregnancy Kit [+918133066128] Abortion Pills IN Dubai UAE Abudhabiunwanted pregnancy Kit [+918133066128] Abortion Pills IN Dubai UAE Abudhabi
unwanted pregnancy Kit [+918133066128] Abortion Pills IN Dubai UAE Abudhabi
 
SEO Case Study: How I Increased SEO Traffic & Ranking by 50-60% in 6 Months
SEO Case Study: How I Increased SEO Traffic & Ranking by 50-60%  in 6 MonthsSEO Case Study: How I Increased SEO Traffic & Ranking by 50-60%  in 6 Months
SEO Case Study: How I Increased SEO Traffic & Ranking by 50-60% in 6 Months
 
Call Girls Service In Old Town Dubai ((0551707352)) Old Town Dubai Call Girl ...
Call Girls Service In Old Town Dubai ((0551707352)) Old Town Dubai Call Girl ...Call Girls Service In Old Town Dubai ((0551707352)) Old Town Dubai Call Girl ...
Call Girls Service In Old Town Dubai ((0551707352)) Old Town Dubai Call Girl ...
 
Malegaon Call Girls Service ☎ ️82500–77686 ☎️ Enjoy 24/7 Escort Service
Malegaon Call Girls Service ☎ ️82500–77686 ☎️ Enjoy 24/7 Escort ServiceMalegaon Call Girls Service ☎ ️82500–77686 ☎️ Enjoy 24/7 Escort Service
Malegaon Call Girls Service ☎ ️82500–77686 ☎️ Enjoy 24/7 Escort Service
 
(Anamika) VIP Call Girls Napur Call Now 8617697112 Napur Escorts 24x7
(Anamika) VIP Call Girls Napur Call Now 8617697112 Napur Escorts 24x7(Anamika) VIP Call Girls Napur Call Now 8617697112 Napur Escorts 24x7
(Anamika) VIP Call Girls Napur Call Now 8617697112 Napur Escorts 24x7
 
Nelamangala Call Girls: 🍓 7737669865 🍓 High Profile Model Escorts | Bangalore...
Nelamangala Call Girls: 🍓 7737669865 🍓 High Profile Model Escorts | Bangalore...Nelamangala Call Girls: 🍓 7737669865 🍓 High Profile Model Escorts | Bangalore...
Nelamangala Call Girls: 🍓 7737669865 🍓 High Profile Model Escorts | Bangalore...
 
Falcon Invoice Discounting: Empowering Your Business Growth
Falcon Invoice Discounting: Empowering Your Business GrowthFalcon Invoice Discounting: Empowering Your Business Growth
Falcon Invoice Discounting: Empowering Your Business Growth
 
Value Proposition canvas- Customer needs and pains
Value Proposition canvas- Customer needs and painsValue Proposition canvas- Customer needs and pains
Value Proposition canvas- Customer needs and pains
 
Call Girls in Delhi, Escort Service Available 24x7 in Delhi 959961-/-3876
Call Girls in Delhi, Escort Service Available 24x7 in Delhi 959961-/-3876Call Girls in Delhi, Escort Service Available 24x7 in Delhi 959961-/-3876
Call Girls in Delhi, Escort Service Available 24x7 in Delhi 959961-/-3876
 

In 2 making inno work

  • 1. Innovation –Processes &Tools A Two-Day Workshop Session 2A: Making Innovation Work I 17/10/11
  • 2.
  • 3.
  • 4. 17/10/11 The 5 Disciplines of Innovation The Definition of Innovation A relentless focus on the creation and delivery of new customer value to the marketplace within a framework of business viability
  • 5. 7 Rules of Innovation 17/10/11 Source: Making Innovation Work (Davila, Epstein, Shelton)
  • 6. 17/10/11 The 7 Rules of Innovation Rule 1 Exert strong leadership on portfolio decisions and encourage significant value creation. Source: Making Innovation Work (Davila, Epstein, Shelton)
  • 7. 17/10/11 The 7 Rules of Innovation Rule 2 Integrate innovation into the company's basic business mentality. Make it a core competency. Source: Making Innovation Work (Davila, Epstein, Shelton)
  • 8. 17/10/11 The 7 Rules of Innovation Rule 3 Align the amount and type of innovation to the company's business. Select a "play to win" or a "play not to lose" innovation strategy. Source: Making Innovation Work (Davila, Epstein, Shelton)
  • 9. 17/10/11 The 7 Rules of Innovation Rule 4 Manage the natural tension between creativity and value capture so that the company generates successful new ideas while gaining the maximum return on its investment. Source: Making Innovation Work (Davila, Epstein, Shelton)
  • 10. 17/10/11 Neutralize organizational antibodies that kill off good ideas because they're different from the status quo. The 7 Rules of Innovation Rule 5 Source: Making Innovation Work (Davila, Epstein, Shelton)
  • 11. 17/10/11 Recognize that the fundamental building blocks of innovation are networks that include people and knowledge -- both inside and outside the company boundaries. The 7 Rules of Innovation Rule 6
  • 12. 17/10/11 Create the right metrics and incentives to foster innovation. The 7 Rules of Innovation Rule 7
  • 13. 17/10/11 7 Rules of Innovation Source: Making Innovation Work (Davila, Epstein, Shelton) 2 1 3 5 7 4 6 1. Strong Leadership 2. Integrate into Business Model 3. Align Type & Amount 4. Manage the Tension 5. Netralize Antibodies 6. Recognize Networks 7. Metrics & Incentives
  • 14.
  • 15.
  • 16. 17/10/11 Making Innovation Work To manage change successfully, we can look for ways to apply 3 levers of business model innovation and 3 levers of technology innovation . So there are 6 levers of innovation that you can use!
  • 17. The 6 Levers of Innovation 17/10/11 Enabling Technologies Target Customer Process Technologies Supply Chain Product and Services Value Proposition Technology Innovation Business Model Innovation Source: Making Innovation Work (Davila, Epstein, Shelton)
  • 18. 17/10/11 Making Innovation Work Source: Making Innovation Work (Davila, Epstein, Shelton) Nano - a car for Rs. 1 lakh Business Model Innovation Value Proposition
  • 19. 17/10/11 Making Innovation Work Source: Making Innovation Work (Davila, Epstein, Shelton) Delivering a pizza in under 30 minutes Business Model Innovation Supply Chain
  • 20. 17/10/11 Making Innovation Work Source: Making Innovation Work (Davila, Epstein, Shelton) Scooter for women Business Model Innovation Target Customer
  • 21. 17/10/11 Making Innovation Work Camera on a cellphone Technology Innovation Source: Making Innovation Work (Davila, Epstein, Shelton) Product and Services
  • 22. 17/10/11 Making Innovation Work ATMs for cash payment Technology Innovation Source: Making Innovation Work (Davila, Epstein, Shelton) Process Technology
  • 23. 17/10/11 Making Innovation Work Email delivery platforms Technology Innovation Source: Making Innovation Work (Davila, Epstein, Shelton) Enabling technology
  • 24.
  • 25. The 6 Levers of Innovation 17/10/11 Enabling Technologies Target Customer Process Technologies Supply Chain Product and Services Value Proposition Technology Innovation Business Model Innovation Source: Making Innovation Work (Davila, Epstein, Shelton)
  • 26. 17/10/11 Making Innovation Work There are essentially 4 types of innovation Incremental Semi-Radical (2) Radical With business or technology innovation, they form a 2 X 2 matrix!
  • 27. 17/10/11 Semi-Radical Little change: T Major change: BM Source: Making Innovation Work (Davila, Epstein, Shelton) The Innovation Framework: 4 types of innovation are possible Making Innovation Work Technology Innovation Business Model Innovation Semi-Radical Little change: BM Major change: T Radical Major change: T Major change: BM Incremental Little change: T Little change: BM
  • 28. Making Innovation Work 17/10/11 Source: Making Innovation Work (Davila, Epstein, Shelton) Incremental innovations are a way to squeeze out as much value as possible from existing products or services without making significant changes or major investments. Cell-phones (Nokia etc) constantly adding features to the basic model.
  • 29. Making Innovation Work 17/10/11 Source: Making Innovation Work (Davila, Epstein, Shelton) Semi-radical innovation involves substantial change to either the business model or technology – but not to both. Shopper’s Stop – supermarket business model applied to retailing. Major change in business model. Little change in technology.
  • 30. Making Innovation Work 17/10/11 Source: Making Innovation Work (Davila, Epstein, Shelton) Semi-radical innovation involves substantial change to either the business model or technology – but not to both. Optical disks or CDs distributed by the same market channels. Major change in technology. Little change in business model.
  • 31. 17/10/11 Making Innovation Work Source: Making Innovation Work (Davila, Epstein, Shelton) A radical innovation is a significant change that simultaneously affects both the business model and the technology. DTH: Satellite impacting cable TV operators Pen Drives : Flash tech sold as gifts in shops
  • 32. 17/10/11 Making Innovation Work Choose Your Innovation Strategy Is your innovation strategy play-to-win or play-not-to-lose? Play-to-win Play-not-to-lose
  • 33. Making Innovation Work 17/10/11 Source: Making Innovation Work (Davila, Epstein, Shelton) Play-to-Win (PTW) PTW is a risky market-leading strategy that relies heavily on semi-radical or radical innovation to drive transformation and create market-changing ideas and products. iPod and iTunes redefined the way music was enjoyed, as well as created and distributed
  • 34. Making Innovation Work 17/10/11 Source: Making Innovation Work (Davila, Epstein, Shelton) Play-Not-to-Lose (PNTL) PNTL is a safer strategy that includes more incremental innovation in the portfolio than a PTW strategy, and aims to ensure that a business can still stay in the game. Jet Airways acquired Air Sahara and renamed it as JetLite, a low- cost competitor to Kingfisher Red.
  • 35. 17/10/11 Making Innovation Work Case Study Air Deccan
  • 36. Making Innovation Work 17/10/11 Source: Making Innovation Work (Davila, Epstein, Shelton) Choose Your Strategy Air Deccan Case Study I Q1. What type of innovation was Air Deccan using? Q2. What was Air Deccan’s strategy? Play-to-Win or Play-Not-to-Lose? Q3. Was this strategy successful as an innovative business model? Q4. How does this case relate to innovation in Tata Motors?
  • 37. Making Innovation Work 17/10/11 Source: Making Innovation Work (Davila, Epstein, Shelton) Choose Your Strategy Air Deccan Case Study II Q1. What were the factors that led to Air Deccan becoming part of the UB Group’s up-market Kingfisher brand? Q2. What is Air Deccan’s strategy now? Play-to-Win or Play-Not-to-Lose?
  • 38.
  • 39.
  • 40. The 6 Levers of Innovation 17/10/11 Enabling Technologies Target Customer Process Technologies Supply Chain Product and Services Value Proposition Technology Innovation Business Model Innovation Source: Making Innovation Work (Davila, Epstein, Shelton)
  • 41. 17/10/11 Semi-Radical Little change: T Major change: BM Source: Making Innovation Work (Davila, Epstein, Shelton) The Innovation Matrix Making Innovation Work Technology Innovation Business Model Innovation Semi-Radical Little change: BM Major change: T Radical Major change: T Major change: BM Incremental Little change: T Little change: BM
  • 42. 17/10/11 Making Innovation Work Is your innovation strategy play-to-win or play-not-to-lose? Play-to-win Play-not-to-lose
  • 43.
  • 44.
  • 45. 17/10/11 The 5 Disciplines of Innovation The Definition of Innovation A relentless focus on the creation and delivery of new customer value to the marketplace within a framework of business viability
  • 46.
  • 47. 17/10/11 Making Innovation Work System for e-ticket printing Technology Innovation Source: Making Innovation Work (Davila, Epstein, Shelton) Process technology
  • 48. 17/10/11 Making Innovation Work Fail early – to succeed faster! Source: Making Innovation Work (Davila, Epstein, Shelton)

Hinweis der Redaktion

  1. * 07/16/96 * ##
  2. * 07/16/96 * ##
  3. * 07/16/96 * ##
  4. * 07/16/96 * ##
  5. * 07/16/96 * ##
  6. * 07/16/96 * ##
  7. * 07/16/96 * ##
  8. * 07/16/96 * ##
  9. * 07/16/96 * ##
  10. * 07/16/96 * ##
  11. * 07/16/96 * ##
  12. * 07/16/96 * ##
  13. * 07/16/96 * ##
  14. * 07/16/96 * ##
  15. * 07/16/96 * ##
  16. * 07/16/96 * ##
  17. * 07/16/96 * ##
  18. * 07/16/96 * ##
  19. * 07/16/96 * ##
  20. * 07/16/96 * ##
  21. * 07/16/96 * ##
  22. * 07/16/96 * ##
  23. * 07/16/96 * ##
  24. * 07/16/96 * ##
  25. * 07/16/96 * ##
  26. * 07/16/96 * ##
  27. * 07/16/96 * ##
  28. * 07/16/96 * ##
  29. * 07/16/96 * ##
  30. * 07/16/96 * ##
  31. * 07/16/96 * ##
  32. * 07/16/96 * ##