Ctenophores are marine animals commonly known as comb jellies. They have a soft transparent jelly-like body with 8 ciliary combs used for locomotion. They exhibit bioluminescence and have a radial symmetrical body structure without specialized organ systems. Ctenophores feed carnivorously on plankton using long tentacles equipped with lasso cells. They reproduce sexually through a life cycle involving a free-swimming cydippid larval stage. There are two classes of ctenophores - Tentaculata and Nuda.

1. ANIMAL KINGDOM
PHYLUM CTENOPHORA

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4. Introduction, Other features, Locomotion, Nutrition,
Reproduction, Classes
Synopsis

5. Introduction

6. INTRODUCTION
◈ Ctenophra name was given by
Eschosbboltz.
◈ These animals are known for their beauty
and delicate nature.
◈ In sunlight their comb-plate give the
effect of a rainbow.
◈ The animals of this phylum are known as
“sea-gooseberries” or “Comb-jellies” or
“Sea-walnuts”
◈ Nematoblasts are absent, so they are also
called “acnindaria”

7. Other features

8. OTHER FEATURES
◈ All animals are marine and pelagic (float on sea
surface) and show Bioluminescence.
◈ Body from many be spherical, cylindrical or pear -
shaped.
◈ Body is soft transparent jelly like having Bira-dial
symmetry with tissue grade body organisation.
◈ Animals are Troploblastic.
◈ Mesoglea contains ameoboid mesodermal cells called
Colloblast.

10. Locomotion

11. LOCOMOTION
◈ Locomotion takes place by
the presence of 8 ciliary
comb plates on the body
surface.
◈ Skeletal, Excretory and
Respiratory system are
absent.

12. Nutrition

13. NUTRITION
◈ Animals are carnivorous
◈ They feed on the eggs and larvae
of Molluscs, fishes and
crustaceans. A pair of long solid
tentacles are present.
◈ In place of nematablasts on the
tentacles a special type of cells
are present called Lasso-cells
which help in catching the prey.
◈ Anus is absent.

14. Reproduction

15. REPRODUCTION
◈ All animals are bisexual.
◈ Complex type of sexual reproduction is found.
◈ Metagenesis is absent.
◈ Regeneration is normally found.
◈ Development is of indirect type.
◈ Life cycle involves a free living Cydippid larval stage.
◈ Cleavage is Holoblastic, determinate and unequal.
◈ Asexual reproduction is absent.

16. Classes

17. TENTACULATA
◈ Cestum - “Venus’s
girdle”
◈ Pleurobrachia
◈ Valeman
◈ Hormiphora
CLASSES
NUDA
◈ Beroe - Swimming eye of
cat

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