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Congenital heart diseases
1.
2. INDRODUCTION
CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE OR A
CONGENITAL HEART DEFECT IS A
HEART ABNORMALITY PRESENT AT
BIRTH THE PROBLEM CAN AFFECT
THE HEART WALLS
THE HEART VALVES
THE BLOOD VESSELS
3. DEFINITION
• CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE IS A
MALFORMATION OF THE HEART
,AORTA OR OTHER LARGE BLOOD
VESSELS THAT IS THE MOST
FREQUENT FROM OF MAJOR BIRTH
DEFECT IN NEWBORN
4. CHD – Epidemiology
• 600-700/100 000 (live newborn in CR) ~ 6-
7/1000
• 30-40% of all CHD - Ventricular Septal
Defect (VSD) - most common CHD
• Bicuspid Aortic Valve – 1-2% of General
Population
• Atrial Septal Defect – Most common CHD
diagnosed in adulthood
• No exact evidence – Complex CHD
(e.g.TGA+VSD)
5. PROBIEMS WITH GENES OR
CHROMOSOMES IN THE CHILD ,SUCH
AS DOWN SYNDROME
TAKING CERTAIN MRDICATION ,OR
ALCOHOL OR DRINK ABUSE DURING
PREGNANCY
A VIRAL INFECTION LIKE RUBELLA
(GERMAN MEASLES)IN THE MOTHER
IN THE FIRST TRIMESTER OF
PREGNANCY
9. ACYANOTIC HERAT DISEASE
BLOOD IS SHUNDED FROM THE
LEFT SIDE OF THE HEART TO THE
RIGHT SIDE OF THE HEART DUE TO A
STRUCTURAL DEFECT IN THE INTER
VENTRICULAR SEPTUM
ACYANOTIC HEART DISEASE MAT
SHOW CYANOSIS(turn blue due to
insufficient oxygen in the blood)
10. HEART ABNORMALITY WITH LEFT
RIGHT SHUNT (ACYANOTIC WITH A LEFT
RIGHT SHUNT AN INCREASED
PULMONARY PERFUSION TO THE
DETRIMENT OF THE SYSTEMIC
CIRULATION SYSTEM IN THE RESULT
SHUNT FROM THE OXYGEN RICH SIDE
TO THE OXYGEN POOR SIDE ARE NOT
USUALLY ACCOMPANIED BY A
CYANOSIS PERSISTING DUCTUS
ARTERIOSUS(PDA)
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27. • Left to right shunt as blood flow from aorta
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• pulmonary over load
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41. OUT FLOW OBSTRUCTION
A ventricular out flow tract obstraction
is one type of congenital heart defect in
which either the right or left ventricular out
flow tract is blocked or obstruction.
43. Definition;
a condition in which the
pulmonary valve is too tight so that the flow
of blood from the right ventricle of the heart
in to the pulmonary artery is impeded this
means that the right ventricle must pump
harder than normal to over come the
obstruction.
44. signs @ symptoms;
heart murmur
shortness of breath
fainting(loss of consciousness)
chest pain
fatigue
75. Definition:
TOF is a type of heart defect
present at birth stmtoms include episodes of
bluish colour to the skin other symtoms may
include a heart murmur finger clubbing and
easy tiring upon breast feeding
77. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY:
Right ventricular hypertrophy with out
cardiac enlargement and increase in right
ventricular pressure
Right to left shuunt appars to decompress
the right ventricle
VSD is silent