BEd

1. SURESH BABU G
ASST. PROFESSOR IN GENERAL
EDUCATION
CTE , CPAS PAIPPAD

2. Thinking
 Thinking consists of the cognitive rearrangement or
manipulation of both information from environment
and symbols stored in long-term memory.
 Thinking is the form of information processing that
goes on during the period between a stimulus event
and response to it.

3. Definition
 Ross:- “ Thinking is mental activity in its cognitive
aspect or mental activity with regard to psychological
objects”.
 Garret:- “ Thinking is behavior which is often implicit
and hidden and in which symbols (images, ideas , and
concepts) are ordinarily employed”.
 Mohsin :- “ Thinking is an implicit problem solving
behavior”.

4. Types of Thinking
 Perceptual or Concrete thinking
 Conceptual or Abstract thinking
 Reflective thinking or logical thinking
 Creative thinking
 Critical Thinking
 Convergent thinking
 Divergent thinking

5.  Concrete thinking – Its basis is perception or concrete
object
 Abstract thinking – Based on Concepts , generalized
ideas
 Reflective thinking – Based on problem solving
 Creative thinking – Based on creating new
 Critical thinking –It us the ability to think clearly and
rationally . It includes the ability to engage in
reflection and independent thinking.

6. Convergent thinking
 It is concerned with a particular end result
 The thinker gather information relevant to the
problem and then proceeds by using problem solving
rules
 The result of convergent thinking is usually a solution
 Not a type of thinking one primarily uses when they
think creatively
 In convergent thinking the person is good at bringing
material from a variety of sources to solve a problem to
produce the correct answer

7. Divergent Thinking
 It is not concerned with a particular end result
 In divergent thinking one tend to think in a divergent
manner thus having many varied thoughts about a
problem
 The result of the divergent thinking is usually many
solution for a problem
 Divergent thinking is a type of thinking one primarily
uses when they think creatively
 In divergent thinking skill is in broadly elaborated of
ideas prompted by a stimulus

8. Creative thinking
 This type of thinking is chiefly aimed to create
something new.
 It is in search of new relationships and associations to
describe and interpret the nature of things , events
and situations.
 The person himself usually formulates the problem
and he is free to gather evidence and invent tools for
its solution.

9. Stages of Creative thinking
 Stage of preparation- focuses attention on problem,
organizing data , defining problem and producing relevant
ideas
 The stage of incubation – Person test the idea , flashes of
insight and trial judgment occurs. This is a period of no
obvious activity and progress. The problem is being solved
unconsciously.
 The stage of illumination- This is called “Eureka” when the
individual suddenly perceive the theme and relationship
among the various components of the problem
 Revision – Here the individual reflects , evaluates and
submits to critical appraisal.

10. Developing creative thinking in
pupils
 Freedom to respond
 Opportunity for ego involvement
 Encouraging originality and flexibility
 Providing appropriate opportunities and atmosphere
for creativity expression
 Developing healthy habits among children
 Using creative resources of the community
 Proper organization of the curriculum

15. Components
 Metacognitive Knowledge
 Metacognitive regulation
 Metacognitive experience

16. Metacognitive Awareness
 Declarative Knowledge
 Procedural Knowledge
 Conditional Knowledge

17. Metacognitive Skills
 Planning
 Monitoring
 Evaluating

19. THaNks