8. Identity of Religious Life Today
What is religious life?
Religious life is a prophetic life form in the Church whose prophetic
character is rooted in and derives from the celibate solitude that
unites immediacy to God.
It is a mystery because the intimate exchange between God and the
human being elicits a free commitment of lifelong celibacy. It is a
life entered into by perpetual profession and constituted by a
lifelong consecrated celibacy. Mysteries cannot be explained, only
reverently explored. Religious underwent an identity crisis after
Vatican II.
10. 1017 July 2014
THEOLOGY OF THE VOWS
1. Definition of Vow / Vows
A vow is a free and deliberate promise made to God. It is a
voluntary act of religion by which we deliberately bind ourselves
to something better, which is not commanded by God.
It is a sign of self-offering. As religious, we bind ourselves with
vows in total self-giving to God. They bind us in conscience and
must be lived in a spirit of generosity and love.
11. Three traditional vows
There are three traditional vows of poverty, chastity, and
obedience, which most religious profess today.
By means of these vows both dimensions of religious profession,
the prophetic stance toward the world and the commitment to the
transformation of the world in Christ are specified.
The traditional three vows locate this specification in the attitude
and behavior of the religious in the areas of the three major
dimensions of human life (possession, affectivity and power)
which are simultaneously the three major areas of human
interaction which structure the world (economics, social life, and
politics).
12. 2. Common Elements/
Characteristics of the Vows
1. Gifts/ charisms of the Holy Trinity ( Trinitarian Dimension )
2. Means and not ends in themselves
3. Signs 4. Task
5. Embraced for the sake of the Kingdom of God
6. Interrelated, inseparable and they form a total way of life
7. The goal is love or perfect Charity (common goal to all
Christians)
8. Christological origin: namely, the life and teaching of Christ
9. Based on a person’s baptismal consecration
10. Require discipline and self-mastery in living it out
11. Multi-faceted reality / Multi-dimensional
13. 1317 July 2014
EFFECTIVE CONSECRATED LIFE
IS MOULDED AND AFFECTED
BY MANY FACTORS :
PRAYER LIFE OR SPIRITUALITY
ENVIRONMENT
( WHERE WE HAVE GROWN UP )
HOWEVER,
YOU CAN DO A GREAT DEAL TO
IMPROVE/ EFFECTIVE
CONSECRATED LIFE…
14. 17 July 2014 14
TO BECOME EFFECTIVE
RELIGIOUS…
Express your
Originality
Creativity
Deep thinking
Give up
Artificiality
Imitation
Shallow (not very deep)
and superficial
thinking
15. VOW OF CHASTITY
• 1. INTRODUCTION (VOWS IN GENERAL)
• 2. INTRODUCTION (VOW OF CHASTITY )
• 3. DEFINITION OF TERMS
• 4. ANTHROPOLOGICAL DIMENSION OF CHASTITY
(HUMAN REALITY)
• 5. THEOLOGICAL FOUNDATION OF CHRISTIAN
CHASTITY
• 6. RELIGIOUS CHASTITY (VOW OF CHASTITY)
• CONCLUSION
16. 17 July 2014 16
It explains how these human values function and operate
on the three levels of psychic life namely, the psycho-
physiological, psycho-social, and spiritual-rational.
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17. VOW OF CHASTITY
I. INTRODUCTION
The vow of chastity is one of the oldest and the most enduring of
all the vows. In Christian religious life, it entails a life-long
commitment.
This is also ideal in the monastic system of the other great
religions but the practice is somewhat different. In all the great
monastic systems, celibacy denotes single-mindedness, an
unencumbered devotion to God and to the development of
spiritual life.
It is unique among the vows professed by the religious. It is the
only vow whose content has been a constant factor in all forms
of religious life throughout history.
18. • The old / traditional understanding of chastity which
focuses more on denial and renunciation and a negative
attitude toward sexuality and marriage as a Christian
vocation is often seen today as overly characterized by
fear, guilt, repression, and leading to serious affective
underdevelopment in many religious.
• The contemporary realization of the importance of
sexuality in human life and of the irreplaceable role in
affective growth of friendship with members of one’s own
and the other sex has led to a serious revision of both
the theology and the practice of religious celibacy.
19. ANTHROPOLOGICAL DIMENSION OF
CHASTITY (HUMAN REALITY)
17 July 2014 19
1.Defining Human Elements in Love Through the Three Levels
of Psychic Life
1) Psycho - Physiological Level
2) Psycho - Social Level
3) Spiritual - Rational Level
2. Kinds of Love Based on Each Level of Psychic Life
1) Subjective Love
2) Benevolent Love
3) Radical or Mad Love
20. 1.Psycho – Physiological Level
17 July 2014 20
1) Psycho – Physiological Level
a. Masturbation
b. Physical Interaction (Homosexual and Heterosexual
Involvement)
c. Body Worship
d. Sexual Novels, Movies, Magazines: Seeking pleasure in
sexual novels, movies, magazines, TV shows, pornography.
21. 2) Psycho – Social Level
17 July 2014 21
This brings us to the topic of friendship: a particular type of psycho-
social affective relationship, which is not only permissible but also
encouraged as a genuine means of concretizing the love of God in us,
and of self-transcendence.
True friendship will indeed provide opportunities for transcendence
since we need to accept everyone despite their limitations /
weaknesses even when self-gratification is absent.
a. Signs of Genuine Friendship
b. Precautionary Measures to Those Who Are Too Emotionally
Involved With Each Other (State of Falling In Love)
22. 17 July 2014 22
In short, the vow of chastity excludes sensible affectivity, which
could lead to marriage. We need affective friendships too, warm,
delicate and deep.
But we need to integrate them and order them hierarchically in
the levels of our being. Without prudence and self-control,
freedom in loving is impossible.
23. 3) Spiritual – Rational Level
17 July 2014 23
a. Egoistic Withdrawal vs. Service: Love and chastity imply
involvement for the Kingdom which is concretized in loving service.
b. Idealized, Intellectualized Distance: Those who live in the
world of ideas are often devoid of feelings and affectivity.
c. Involved, Serving, Spiritually Pride in Love: Even values
and declared spiritual ideas of love, community life and spiritual life
can be used for egoistic ends. We can even use love itself to bolster
our own pride: how good am I, not like the rest of them.
24. 4. Means to Grow in Chastity
17 July 2014 24
1) Asceticism
2) Prayer
3) Loneliness / Solitude
4) Community Life Examen
5) Service
6) Intimacy: A Healthy Way of Living the Vow of
Chastity
25. THEOLOGICAL FOUNDATION OF
CHRISTIAN CHASTITY
17 July 2014 25
1. The Chastity of Christ
1) Chastity For the Sake of the Kingdom
2) Total Devotion to the Father’s Concerns
2. The Chastity of the Blessed Virgin Mary
3. The Chastity of Christians
26. 17 July 2014 26
Christians, who are the radical followers of Jesus Christ, ought
to live these values as their master did. Jesus Christ becomes
the point of reference and identification in understanding and
living these virtues.
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30. THE VOWS OF THE RELIGIOUS…
The vows of the religious are public and therefore it binds
them to God and to the people of God, enabling them to be
deeply committed and responsible in making these virtues
visible in their lives.
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Ki‡Z Mfxifv‡e cÖwZÁv e× Ges `vwq‡Z¡Ave×|
17 July 2014 30
36. Religious Chastity…
17 July 2014 36
Religious Chastity - includes the anthropological foundation
of chastity based on the three levels of psychic life;
1. Theological foundation of chastity;
2. Dimensions of religious chastity such as charismatic,
community, missionary, ecological, and ascetical;
Religious chastity as a sign;
1. Means to grow in chastity;
2. significance of intimacy and friendship;
3. signs of genuine friendship; and the different levels of
intimacy.
4. Religious chastity is explained in the perspective of love.
41. VOW OF POVERTY
17 July 2014 41
ANTHROPOLOGICAL FOUNDATION OF POVERTY
Levels of Psychic Life:
1. Psycho - Physiological Level
2. Psycho - Social Level
3. Spiritual - Rational Level
THEOLOGICAL FOUNDATION OF CHRISTIAN POVERTY
1. The Poverty of Jesus Christ
2. The Poverty of Blessed Virgin Mary
3. The Poverty of Christians
42. RELIGIOUS POVERTY (VOW OF POVERTY)
17 July 2014 42
1. Dimensions of Religious Poverty
1) Poverty as a Charism (Charismatic Dimension of Religious
Poverty)
2) Community Dimension of Religious Poverty
3) Poverty as Service / Mission (Missionary Dimension of
Religious Poverty)
a) A Call to Personal Witnessing
b) Service For the Sake of the Kingdom
4) Ecological ( concern with protection of the environment)
Dimension of Poverty
5) Apostolic and Ascetical Dimension of Religious Poverty
43. Uses and Abuses of the Vow of Poverty
17 July 2014 43
… Based on the Three Levels of Psychic Life
1) Psycho - Physiological Level
a. Dispossession of Material Goods and Related Physical Needs
b. Proper Use of Them
2) Psycho - Social Level
a. Dispossession of People
b. Proper Relationship with Them
3) Spiritual - Rational Level
a. Transcendence
b. Surrender of Ourselves
5. Criteria for Evaluation of the Spirit of Poverty
6. What is / what is Not Poverty?
44. The Poverty of Jesus Christ.
17 July 2014 44
Jesus Christ is the teacher and model of poverty. He did not only
teach it but lived it as well. Let us delve into the essence of
poverty as taught and lived by Christ Himself.
The whole life of Jesus is a concretization of the virtue of poverty.
Starting from the Annunciation when the Word was made flesh. It
was the intention and will of the Father that His only begotten Son
will be born of a woman, a human being like us.
Though He was in the form of God, He did not regard equality
with Godº , but He allowed Himself to be carried in the womb of
the Virgin Mary for nine months, ªemptied Himself and took the
form of a slave coming in human likenessº.
45. 17 July 2014 45
The Poverty of Jesus Christ.
Even in the womb of His mother, He already experienced
rejection, because when Joseph found Mary conceiving a child, he
decided to divorce her quietly. During His birth, He was wrapped
in swaddling clothes and laid in a manger because there was no
room for them.
His first visitors were the shepherds. He was the Son of God yet
ªHe united Himself in some fashion with every human being. He
worked with human hands, He thought with human mind, acted
by human choice and loved with a human heart.
46. A common life of material things was
motivated by values such as:
17 July 2014 46
• Primacy of God’s love above all created things. One who
wishes to give God’s love
The first place must free oneself from the things of the world.
Saint Thomas Aquinas said that the first foundation for attaining
fullness of love is voluntary poverty.
This link between poverty and love of God necessarily links
poverty with the love of one’s neighbor. The use of material goods
in the service of love is the basic reason for the close link between
religious poverty and common life.
47. 17 July 2014 47
The community of Jerusalem teaches us that a common life of
material things is possible only through a) non-attachment, b)
actual renunciation.
•Jesus by His own example, paved a way for the community life
with material things. He and the Twelve had a common fund.
•Renunciation of things gives witness to the faith conviction
that God’s Kingdom alone is our real treasure. Fraternal life of
perfect sharing is an effective witnessing.
•The common life of material things is not for the sake
of convenience or organization but it gets its evangelical value
only as an expression of love. Moreover, the living of the vow of
poverty binds religious to a common life.
A common life…
48. 17 July 2014 48
•Common life demands giving up of everything required
by the constitution and dependence on the community in the
use of material things.
•The renunciation of the independent use of material
things which makes a religious automatically dependent is
necessary.
•The community itself is made up of individuals who
have freely embraced the same obligation: a) all give to the
community b) all depend on the community c) all share in the
goods of the community.
A common life…
49. PRAYER FOR THE GIFT OF POVERTY
17 July 2014 49
CONCLUSION
Lord Jesus, I ask you for a new fullness of the charism of poverty. I ask you to
reveal to me my inordinate attachments, my holding on to things or to persons,
my ªrichnessº that keeps me from saying a more complete yes to you.
I surrender to you my excessive search for material comforts, and whatever
material goods I have that I do not really need to serve you.
I surrender to you my excessive need for attention, for acclaim and applause,
for narcissistic feedback from others. I surrender all my selfish ambitions, my
search for honors, my vainglory and my pride.
I surrender to you my possessiveness of those whom I love; teach me to love
freely, leaving others free; teach me to love with an open hand. I renounce the
possessiveness in my love for others; teach me to love more and better.
And I ask you now for new graces, for new power to live for you, for the new
outpouring of the charism of religious poverty.
52. THEOLOGICAL FOUNDATION OF OBEDIENCE
(CHRISTIAN OBEDIENCE)
17 July 2014 52
1. The Obedience of Christ to the Father
2. The Obedience of Christ in the Spirit
3. The Obedience of the Blessed Virgin Mary
4. The Obedience of Christians (Christian Faith is Obedience)
53. Religious obedience
17 July 2014 53
RELIGIOUS OBEDIENCE
1. Jesus is the Source and Model of Religious Obedience
2. Concepts of Religious Obedience
1) Previous Concepts / Understanding of Religious Obedience
2) A New Vision of Religious Obedience in the Light of Vatican II
a. Obedience is a Personal Covenant with God
b. Obedience: A Way to Personal Growth and Fulfillment
c. Obedience for Mission
d. Obedience as Dialogue
54. Religious obedience
17 July 2014 54
2) Psychological Dimension of Religious Obedience
a. The Role of Psychology in Religious Obedience
b. Understanding the Motives in Religious Obedience
Concept of Motivation Kinds of Motives
C. The Unconscious Motives The Conscious Motives
The Supernatural Motives
55. Religious obedience
17 July 2014 55
3) Ecological Dimension of Religious Obedience
4) Community Dimension of Religious Obedience
a. Religious Community: A Gift and an Expression of a
Trinitarian Communion
b. The Joint Search for God’s Will
The Meaning and Importance of Discernment Listening: An
Important Element in the Discernment Process
c. Community Fulfillment of God’s Will
The Role of Authority / Superior The Role of Members
The Role of the Holy Spirit in the Discernment Process and the
Fulfillment of God’s Will
56. THE VOW OF OBEDIENCE
17 July 2014 56
The etymological meaning of obedience provides us the basic
idea that obedience is primarily an attentive listening to the call
of the moment:
to self, to others, to the events and experiences of life that
demands a response. Obedience as listening is the very
foundation in understanding the obedience of Jesus Christ and
the obedience of Christians as well as of the religious.
60. 17 July 2014 6017 July 2014 60
Clear
Objectives
Sound
Procedures/
masures
Good
Communication Openness
Support and
Trust
Appropriate
Leadership
Individual
Development
Cooperation
and Conflict
Balanced
Roles/task
Regular
Review
Building Blocks to Successful Community
61. 17 July 2014 61
Team/Community
• A group of individuals working towards a
common goal.
• Increases creativity
• Increases brainstorming
• Increases resources
• Increases efficiency/ competence
• Increases talents and abilities
62. 17 July 2014 62
Top 9 Tools
for Constructive Community Building
Collaboration
Patience
Flexibility
Assertiveness/boldness
Endurance
Creativity
Commitment
Honesty
Appreciation
63. 17 July 2014 63
What to Look For…
Essential Elements of Community Building
Listening
Questioning
Persuading (make somebody believe you)
Respecting
Helping
Sharing
Participating
64. 17 July 2014 64
BE A GOOD
person
TO BECOME A
BETTER religious