India, evolved a NATIONAL HEALTH POLICY in 1983 till 2002. The policy stress on PREVENTIVE, PUBLIC HEALTH AND REHABILITATION ASPECTS OF HEALTHCARE. It also focus on need of establishing primary health care to reach in the remote area of the country.

1. MADE BY ARMY COLLEGE
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2.  HEALTH- a state of complete physical
,mental and social well being and not merely
the absence of disease or infirmity
 POLICY – policy is a system ,which provide
the logical framework and rationality of
decision making for the achievements of
intended objectives

3.  HEALTH POLICY – health policy refers to
decisions ,plans and actions that are
undertaken to achieve specific health care
goals within a society

4.  Health policy is the expression of what
health care system should be so that it can
meet healthcare needs of the people
 It should stressed on creation of primary
health care infrastructure , co- ordination
with health related services , involvement of
voluntary organizations , the provision of
essential drugs and vaccines , qualitative
improvement in health and family planning
services

5.  Primary objective was to attain the goal of
health for all by 2000AD, by establishing an
effective and efficient heath care system
which is accessible to all the citizens
especially vulnerable groups like women ,
children and under privileged

6.  Creation of greater awareness of health
problems and means to solve problems
 Supply of safe drinking water and basic
sanitation using technologies that people
can afford
 To reduce the imbalance in health services
by concentrating more on the rural health
infrastructure

7.  Establishing health management information
system to support health planning and health
programme
 Provision of legislative support to health
promotion and protection
 Concerned actions to combat wide spread
malnutrition
 Research is alternative method of health
care delivery and low cost technologies
 Co-ordination of different system of
medicine

8.  Reduction in infant mortality rate from 125
in1983 to below 60 by 2000AD
 To raise the life expectancy at birth from 52.6 in
1983 to 64 by 2000AD
 To reduce crude birth rate from around 35 in
1983 to 21 by 2000AD
 To reduce the death rate from 14 in1983 to 9 by
2000AD
 To achieve a net reproductive rate by 1 by
2000AD
 To provide potable water to the entire rural
population by 2000AD

9.  Insufficient political commitment to
implementation on HEALTH FOR ALL
 Failure to achieve equity in access to all
primary health care elements
 The continuing low status of women
 Slow socio economic development
 Unbalanced distribution of and weak support
for human resources

10.  Widespread inadequacy of health promotion
activities
 Weak health information system and no
baseline data
 Pollution , poor food safety and lack of water
supply and sanitation

12.  According to this revised policy , government
and health professionals are obligated to
render good health care to the society
 Use of health services to a large group rather
than a small group

13.  Achieving an acceptable standard of good
health of Indian population
 Decentralizing public health system by
upgrading infrastructure in existing
institutions
 Ensuring a more equitable access to health
services across the social and geographical
expanse of india

14.  Enhancing the contribution of private sector
in providing health services for people who
can afford to pay
 Giving primacy for prevention and first line
curative initiative
 Emphasizing rational use of drugs
 Increasing access to tried system of
traditional medicine

15.  2003 –
 Enactment of legislation for regulating
minimum standard in clinical establishment /
medical institution
 2005-
 Eradication of polio and yaws
 Elimination of leprosy
 Increase state sector health spending from
5.5% to 7% of the budget

16.  2005-
 Establishment of an integrated system of
surveillance , national health accounts and
health statistics
 1% of the total budget for medical research
 Decentralization of implementation of pubic
health program

17.  2007-
 Achieve zero level growth of HIV/AIDS
 2010-
 Elimination of Kala- Azar
 Reduction of mortality by 50% on account of
tuberculosis , malaria , other vector and
water borne disease
 Reduce prevalence of blindness to 0.5%

18.  2010-
 Reduction of IMR to 30/1000 live births and
MMR to 100/lakh live births
 Increase utilization of pubic health facilities
from current level of <20% to > 75%
 increase health expenditure by government
from the existing 0,9%to 2.0% of GDP
 Increase share of central grants to constitute
at least 25% of total health spending

19.  2010-
 Further increase of state sector health
spending from 7%to 8%
 2% of the totl health nudget for medical
research
 2015-
 Elimination of lymphatic filariasis

20. 1)Inequities and imbalance –to reduce his there
is increasing number of outlays for the
primary health sector to strengthen existing
facilities and opening additional public
health services outlets
2)TB, Malaria ,HIV /AIDS-for this the central
government along with the participation of
state government designed national
programmes , however the ultimate aim is
the coverage of all health programmes for
the optimum use of public health structure
at the primary level

21. 3)No recipient interest – for this reviving
primary health system by providing some
essential drugs under central government
funding through decentralized system
4)No quality services- for this strengthening of
primary healthcare infrastructure to provide
quality services
5) Secondary and tertiary services – for this
levying of reasonable user charges , for
those who can afford to pay

22. 6)Decentralization – for this the local self
government will implement public health
programmes and financial incentive will be
provided by the central government
7)Research – foe medical research purpose ,
government increased the funding for
medical research especially in the areas of
new therapeutic drugs and vaccines for
tropical diseases such as TB , MALARIA ,
HIV/AIDS

23. 8)Reduce accident mortality – they established
trauma care networks in large urban
agglomeration
9)Setting up of an organized urban primary
health care structure
10)NGO to be provide a definitive portion of
budget in respect of identified programmes
components to be implemented by these
institutions

24. 11) Strengthening of quality standards for food
and drugs
12) Periodic screening of the health conditions
of the workers
13)Setting up of medical grant commission for
funding new medical colleges and for up
gradation of the existing government medical
colleges to ensure standards

25. 14)Establishing a network of decentralized
mental health services and upgrading
physical infrastructure so as to secure the
rights of the mentally ill patients
15)Establishing IEC policy , which maximizes
the dissemination of information to those
population groups which can not be
effectively approached through the mass
media alone

26. 16)Laying priority to school health programmes
aiming at preventive health education ,
regular health checkups and promotion of
health
17) Complete baseline estimation of the
incidence of TB, malaria , blindness by 2005
and periodic updating of these data
18) Need for establishing national health
accounts , confirming to the “source to
users” matrix structure

27. 19)Identification of specific programmes
targeted at women’s health
20) A contemporary code of ethics notified and
implemented by the medical council of India
in order to protect the common patient from
irrational or profit driven medical regimens
21) Regulation of standards in paramedical
discipline to maintain the standard of their
training to register them and monitor their
performances

28. 1) Financial resources –increase in health
sector expenditure to 6% of GDP with 2% by
public health investment by 2010 is
recommended
- Existing 15% of central government
contribution is to be raised to 25% by 2010

29.  To reduce the inequity in between the
interregional , across the rural urban divide
and between economic classes
 NHP 2002 has set an increased allocation of
55% total public health investment for
primary health sector , 35% for secondary
sector and 10% for tertiary

30.  NHP 2002 envisages the gradual convergence
of all health programmes under a single field
administration
 Ts suggest for a scientific designing of public
health projects suited to the local situations
 Policy places reliance on strengthening of
public health outcomes on equitable basis
 It recognizes the need of user charges for
secondary and tertiary public health care foe
those who can afford to pay

31.  NHP 2002 envisages that the scope of the use
of paramedical manpower of allopathic
discipline functions would be examined for
meeting simple public health needs in an
area
 It recognizes the need for states to simplify
the recruitment procedure and rues for
contract employment in order to provide
trained medical manpower in underserved
areas

32.  It emphasis upon the implementation of
public health programmes through local self
government
 It urges all the state governments to consider
decentralizing the implementation of the
programs by transfer power to such instiution
by 2005

33.  Minimal statutory norms with constant
reviewing fir the deployment of doctors and
nurses in medical institutions need to be
introduced urgently under the provision of
the Indian medical council act and Indian
nursing council act respectively

34.  NHP 2002 recommends setting up of a
medical grant commission for funding new
medical and dental colleges
 The need for inclusion of contemporary
medical research and geriatric concern and
creation of additional PG seats in deficient
specialties are specified
 It suggest for a need based , skilled oriented
syllabus with a more significant component
of practical training

35.  For discharging public health responsibilities
in the country NHP 2002 recommends
specialization in the disciplines of public
health and family medicine where medical
doctors , public health engineers ,
microbiologists and other natural science
specialists can take up the course

36.  NHP 2002 recognizes acute shortage of
nurses trained in superspeciality disciplines
 It recommends increase of nursing personnel
in public health delivery centers and
establishment of training courses for
superspecialities

37.  This policy recommends limited number of
essential drugs of generic nature as a
requisite for cost effective public health care
 To ensure long term national health security
2002 NHP envisages that not less than 50% of
the requirement of vaccine be sourced from
public sector institutions

38.  NHP 2002 envisages the setting up of an
organized urban primary health care
structured
 It also envisages the adoption of appropriate
population norms for the urban public health
infrastructure
 In this direction , 2002 NHP has
recommended an urban primary health care
structure as under-

39.  First tier- primary centre cover 1lakh
population
- It functions as OPD facilities
- It provides essential drugs
- It will carry out national health
programmers
Second tier – general hospital a referral to
primary centre provides the care
- The policy recommends a fully equipped hub
spoke trauma care network to reduce
accident mortality

40.  Decentralized mental health services for
diagnosis and treatment by general duty
medical staff is recommended
 It also recommends securing the human
rights of mentally sick

41.  NHP 2002 has suggested interpersonal
communication by folk and traditional media
to bring about behavioral change
 School children are covered for promotion of
health seeking behavior , which is expected
to be the most cost effective intervention
where health awareness extends to family
and further to future generation

42.  The policy envisages an increase in
government funded health research to a
level of 1% of the total health spending by
2005 and up to 2% by 2010
 New therapeutic drugs and vaccines for
tropical disease are given priority

43. # It involves the private sectors in all the areas
of health activities i.e primary ,secondary
and tertiary health care services
# It recommended regularitory and
accreditation of private sector for the
conduct of clinical practice
# it has suggested a social health insurance
scheme for health services to the needy

44.  It urges standards protocols in day to day
practice by health professionals
 It recommends tele medicine in tertiary care
services

45.  NHP 2002 recognizes institutions of civil
society to handle disease control programme
earmarking not less than 10% of the budget
in respect of identified programme

46.  NHP 2002 noted that absence of an efficient
disease surveillance network is a major
handicap for cost effective health care

47.  NHP 2002 has recommended full baseline
estimate of TB, malaria and blindness by
2005 and in the long run for cardiovascular
disease , cancer , diabetes , accidents ,
hepatitis
 It has suggested a national health accounts
conforming to the source to user matrix

48.  The policy commits the highest priority of
the central government to the identified
programs relating to women’s health

49.  In India we have guidelines on professional
medical ethics since 1960
 This is revised in2001
 Government of India has emphasized the
importance of mortal and religious dilemma
 NHP 2002 has recommended notifying a
contemporary code of ethics , which is to be
rigorously implemented by medical council of
India
 the policy has specified the need for a
vigilant watch on gene manipulation and
stem cell research

50.  NHP 2002 envisaged that food and drug
administration be strengthened in terms of
laboratory facilities and technical expertise

51.  More and more training institutions have
come up recently under paramedical board
which do not have regulation or monitoring
 Establishment of statutory professional
council for paramedical disciplines is
recommended

52.  It envisages that the independently stated
policies and programs of the environment
related sectors be smoothly interfaced with
the policies and the programs of the health
sector
 Child labor and substandard working
conditions are causing occupational linked
ailments

53.  NHP 2002 has suggested for an independent
state policy and programme for environment
apart from periodic health screening for high
risk associated occupation

54.  The NHP 2002 strongly encourages the
providing of such health services on a
payment basis to services seekers from
overseas
 Recently large number of patients from
overseas are coming to India for treatment
(MEDICAL TOURISM)

55.  With adoption of trade related intellectual
property (TRIPS) government is taking steps
to overcome possible adverse impact of
economic globalization on the health sector
 NHP 2002 brings out the relevance of inter
sectorial contribution to health but limits
itself to making recommendations

56.  NHP 2002 touches population growth and
health standards. It has suggested
synchronized implementation of national
population policy and national health policy
in improving health standard of the country
 NHP 2002 focuses on building up creditablilty
for the alternative systems of medicine
through evidence based research and
suggested a separate document

57.  It envisages the revival of the primary health
system by providing some essential drugs
under central government funding through
the decentralized health system
 This belief that the creation of a
decentralized public health system will
ensure a more effective supervision of the
public health personnel through community
monitoring , than has been achieved through
the regular administrative line of control

59.  NATIONAL HEALTH POLICY 2017 –
 NHP of 1983 and NHP 2002 have served well
in guiding the approach for the health sector
in the five years plan ,now 14 years after the
last health policy , a new is introduced
 The primary aim of the NHP 2017 is to inform
clarify , strengthen and prioritize the role of
the government in shaping health system in
all its dimensions

60. 1) Progressively achieve universal health
coverage – assuring availability of free ,
comprehensive primary health care
services , for all aspects of reproductive ,
maternal ,child and adolescent health and
for the most prevalent communicable and
non communicable disease , occupational
disease in the population
- Ensuring improved access and affordability of
quality secondary and tertiary care services

61.  It can be done by making it predictable ,
efficient , patient centric , affordable and
effective with a comprehensive package of
services and products that meet immediate
health care needs of most people

62.  Enable private sector contribution to making
health care system more effective , efficient
, rational , safe , affordable and ethical

63. 1) health status and programme impact –
 Life expectancy and healthy life –increase
life expectancy at birth from 67.5 to 70 by
2025
 Mortality by age and cause- reduce under
five mortality to 23 by 2025 and MMR from
current levels to 100 by 2020
- Reduce infant mortality rate at 28 by 2019
- Reduce neonatal mortality to 16 and still
birth rate to single digit

64.  Reduction of the disease – achieved global
target of 2020 is also termed as target of
90:90:90:for HIV/AIDS
- Achieved elimination status of leprosy by
2015 , kala azar by 2017 and lymphatic
filariasis in endemic pockets by 2017
- To achieve and maintain a cure rate >85% in
new sputum positive cases for TB and
reduced incidence of new cases

65. - Reduce prevalence of blindness to 0.25/1000
by 2025
- To reduce premature mortality rate for
cardiovascular disease , cancer , diabetes or
chronic disease by 25%by 2025

66.  Coverage of health services –
-Increased utilization of public health facility
by 50% from current levels by 2025
-Antenatal care coverage to be sustained
above 90% and skill attendance at birth
above 90 by 2025
- Mora then 90% of the newborn are fully
immunized by one year of age by 2025
- Meet need of family planning above 90% at
national and sub national level by 2025

67. 1) health priorities are changing there is
growing burden on account of non
communicable disease and some infectious
disease
2) Emergence of a robust health care industry
estimated to be growing at double digit
3) Increasing healthcare cost
4) A rising economic growth

68.  India’s draft national health policy , 2015
improving policy to implementation
effectiveness
Nata menable and chanfrakant lahariya
This editorial reviews the draft national
haelth policy 2015 and purposes a few steps
to improve implementation effectiveness.
There are many persisting challenges such as
, health services are quantitatively
inadequate and quality often not known ,
low public expenditure , the burden of non
communicable diseases

69.  The goal ;health for all the commitment : all
for health ,2004 , the editors ,mens sana
monographs , mumbai
Primary health care was the means by which
health for all by the year 2000AD was to be
achieved and health for all was possible only
if all were mobilized foe health. This meant
not just government and medical
establishments , but people themselves

70.  This comes as a short notes of 5 marks
 It has been came in2015, 2012 year question
paper