1. Basics Of Open HeartBasics Of Open Heart
SurgerySurgery
Soumya Ranjan Parida
2. Requirements of SurgeryRequirements of Surgery
part to be operated should be
Still
‘Dry’
Relaxed
only a dead heart is still, dry
and relaxed
3. Basic Steps of OHSBasic Steps of OHS
Opening of the chest
Cannulate & connect the pt to CPB after
heparinisation – ‘total’ CPB
Cool the patient
Cross clamp aorta and stop the heart by
delivering cardioplegia
Open the heart - perform intracardiac
operation
Close cardiotomies - deair the heart
Declamp aorta , give rest to the heart , Off
CPB
Reverse Heparin with Protamine
Close the chest by keeping drains
76. CardioplegiaCardioplegia
Aim: to arrest the heart quickly in diastole
preserve cellular structure
Types according to Base
Temperature
K+
/Na+
concentration
St. Thomas cardioplegia is most
popular
Delivery method: Antegrade( root,
ostium, graft)
Retrograde ( CS)
Combination
89. Left Heart ReturnLeft Heart Return
1% of CO returns to heart via
Ao-- Br art -- Br V – PV -- LA
This blood is from CPB , hence warm
Warm the heart , distend heart, occlude
field
Suck (vent) out through
RSPV, LA, LV, Ao, ASD
92. CardiotomyCardiotomy
principlesprinciples
AS FAR AS POSSIBLE….
small incisions
RA, LA, Ao, PA opened
RV: if required, infundibulum
opened
LV : is rarely ‘opened’
avoid damaging arteries/
conduction tissue
98. Different sizes available in Internal Paddles
Main two types in Internal Paddles
a) Switched
b) Switchless
3 stage energy protocol
1-2 j/kg 2-3 j/kg and 3-4 j/kg to maximum 50j
117. Concept of Off Pump SurgeryConcept of Off Pump Surgery
Ill effects of CPB : on ALL organs
Coronary arteries are superficial
vessels
Development of accessorial
equipment