its about pneumosclerosis

1. Topic:- pneumosclerosis
Presented by;-
dr. shameer basha,

2. Pneumosclerosis

3. PNEUMOSCLEROSIS:-
Pneumosclerosis.
excessive growth of connective tissue in
the lungs as a result of various diseases.
The term is also used in a
broader meaning to group together
conditions that are diverse in etiology and
pathogenesis but which all lead to the
development of pneumosclerosis.

4. Etiology:-
unknown the specific
etiology may be of (tuberculosis,
syphilis).
pathphysiology:-
The greatest distribution and self-
importance is pneumosclerosis on the
grounds of pneumonia, occurring as a result
of peribronchial and periarteritis.

5. •Along with the development of
connective tissue, is ongoing and
chronic inflammatory process, which is
the source of relapse, pneumonic
outbreaks.
•
Associated lymph and blood vessels
violates the power of the bronchi and
the alveoli, causing develops
secondarily bronchitisand emphysema.

6. for there are three stages:
1)offset, characterized by good
feeling of remission;
2)subcompensated with symptoms
of chronic intoxication, initial
symptoms of respiratory and heart
failure
3)decompensated with signs of
severe intoxication, frequent acute

7. Signs & symptoms:-
The course of chronic with
exacerbations, resembling focal
pneumonia, increased temperature to
37,5—39°, leukocytosisIn the early stages TC same as in
chronic bronchitis, the late join signs of
respiratory and heart failure. Persistent dry
cough or sputum increases periodically,
especially in autumn and winter. The amount
of sputum depending on the severity of
bronchitis and the presence or absence of

8. symptoms:-
Pneumosclerosis may be focal or diffuse.
focal pneumosclerosis:-
there are usually no symptoms, and bronch
iectasismay develop. The principal manifest
ations of diffuse pneumosclerosis are dyspn
ea, which initially occurs with physicalexerti
on and later even when the patient is at rest
, and cyanosis, which is a consequence of
pulmonary emphysema and thedeterioratio
n of the respiratory function of the lungs.
The cough is caused by bronchiti
s.

9. Diffuse pneumosclerosis:-
leads to adecrease in the partial pr
essure of oxygen in the pulmonary alveoli an
d a reflexive increase in the pressure in the
pulmonaryartery.
This results in pulmonary hyper
tension, which in pneumosclerosis is a cons
equence first of functional changes andlater
also of morphological changes
Pulmonary h
ypertension with overloading of the right v
entricle of the heart causesdevelopment o
f chronic cor pulmonale and subsequent ri
ght-

10. Diagnosis:-
The greatest difficulties in the
differential diagnosis of tuberculosis.
sputum analysis
x-ray examination.
At diagnosis of pneumosclerosis
need to clarify whether there is an
bronchiectasis

11. X-rayof pneumosclerosispatient:-

12. Sputum during microscopic examination:-

13. Treatment:-
consists of administration of age
nts that improve patency of the bronchi, antibi
otics.sulfanilamides, andcorticosteroid hormo
nes;
therapeutic exercises are also prescribed.
Cardiac glycosides, Aminophyll
ine, and diuretics areprescribed for cardiopul
monary insufficiency; in some cases, repeate
d phlebotomies are performed.
Prophylaxis isaccomplished by timely and car
eful treatment of pneumonias and bronchitis

14. Complications:-
•Lung abscess or gangrane
•Pleurisy
•Toxic shock
•Myocarditis
•Acute respiratary insufficiency
•Sepsis
•meningitis