2. Outline
Background
Bioremediation
Enzymes
Major enzymes used in bioremediation
Case Study
Advantages of bioremediation
Limitations of bioremediation
Conclusion
References
3. Background
A large number of enzymes
from bacteria, fungi, and
plants are involved in the
biodegradation of toxic
organic pollutants.
Bioremediation is the use
of living organism for the
recovery or clean up of
contaminated medium.
Environment
Atmosphere
Earth
Water
Space
Fig.1: contaminated medium
5. Enzymes
Enzymes are biological catalysts that facilitate the
conversion of substrates into products by providing
favourable conditions that lower the activation energy
of the reaction. They have active sites.
They function based on their classification according
to the E.C Number system.
7. Enzymes Used In Bioremediation
(Contd)
Microbialperoxidases
Microbial
oxidoreductases
Microbial Laccases
Microbial Oxygenases
Monooxygenases
Microbial dioxygenases
8. Case Study of Enzymes Used in
Bioremediation
Very effective in the bioremediation of PAHs
LIPs catalyse reactions in the presence of hydrogen
peroxide
Lignin peroxidase obtained from Phanerochaete
chrysosporium is effective against methylene blue
and azure B dyes
Lignin Peroxidase
9. Horseradish Peroxidase
HRP is a proxidase that is secreted by the root hairs
of the horseradish plant
Catalyse oxidation of phenols, biphenols, anilines and
benzidines etc.
10. Manganese Peroxidase
MnP is a
hydrogen peroxide
dependent enzyme,
but it can only
oxidize organics
when in the
presence of Mn(Il).
.
hanism of MnP
Figure 3: Mechanism of Manganese Peroxidase
11. Manganese Peroxidase(Contd.)
MnP oxidizes Mn(II) to Mn(III), which acts as an
obligatory oxidation intermediate for the oxidation of
of various compounds.
The Mn(IlI) ions migrate away from the enzyme and
start the oxidation of the lignin and other compounds.
compounds.
12. Advantages of Bioremediation
It is relatively expensive
No building needs to be dug up and removed
The method has been used effectively on oil spills and
clean ups in the past
As long as there is toxic waste, the bacteria continues
to feed on it.
13. Limitations of Bioremediation
Bacteria direction difficult to control
Lots of germs will be spread around
Most people are concerned that these bacteria may be
able to make people sick.
It is limited to those compounds that are
biodegradable
14. Conclusion
Bioremediation is a powerful tool to clean up
contaminated sites.
Regardless of which aspect is used, it offers a safer
and more cost effective way to clean up contaminated
sites.
It’s advantages generally outnumber its disadvantages
owing to the number of sites that have been cleaned
up using this method and its increasing popularity.
15. References
R. S. Peixoto, A. B. Vermelho, and A. S. Rosado; 2011;
Petroleum-Degrading Enzymes: Bioremediation and New
Prospects; Volume 2011; 1-7.
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