2. PROJECT REPORT ON
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON PLASTIC WASTE AS A COURSE
AGGREGATE FOR STRUCTUREA CONCRETE
Under the guidance of
prof. Gaikwad M. N.
Presented By
Mr. Gunjawate Shubham Ashok
Mr. Kadam Mangesh Mahadeo
Mr. Hole Ganesh Yaswant
Mr. Ghorpade Pratik Anil
3. Content
1. Aim
2. Objective
3. Introduction
4. Literature Review
5. Methodology
6. Experimental Programme
7. Result
8. Future Work
9. Conclusion
10. Reference
4. 1. Aim
The project aims at use of recycled plastic
in concrete as a partial replacement of
Coarse aggregate to obtain eco-friendly
light weight concrete.
The agriculture waste plastic of HDPE
(High density poly Ethylene ) is collected
from Phaltan localities and mixed with
OPC and sand in varying proportions
(0%,15% & 30%). The compressive
strength, Spilt tensile strength & flexural
Strength for each variant is to be
determined in laboratory.
5. 2. Objective
To compare the compressive strength
of conventional concrete with PCA
concrete.
To compare the split tensile test of
conventional concrete with PCA
concrete.
To compare the flexure strength of
conventional concrete with PCA
concrete.
To determine optimum quantity of
plastic that can be used in concrete.
To study the behavior of fresh
concrete with plastic coarse aggregate
and compare its properties to those of
conventional concrete
To produce lightweight concrete for
multi-purpose use
6. 3. Introduction
Concrete is one of the main component in any
concrete masonry construction.
Concrete composes of cement, fine aggregate,
coarse aggregate.
Researches have shown that these components can
be replaced to some extent by fly ash, steel fibre,
plastic etc.
Studies are made on both fresh as will as hardened
properties of plastic concrete and compare with
normal concrete.
The use of such plastic wastes in concrete will
contribute to the sustainability of the concrete
design and the natural environment.
7. Advantages of using plastic aggregate
Amount of plastic that reach the landfill
sites are greatly reduced. This willeliminate
land pollutionto some extent.
Forming & utilizing recycled products
is an important part of the recycling
procedure which helps complete the loop.
It can help save the resources and can help
keep the earth green, pollution-free and
beautiful
Cont…
8. 4. LITERATUREVIEW
1. Zainab Z. Ismail [1] in his study concluded that, the adhesive strength between the surface of the waste
plastic and cement paste decreases which causes the strength of the plastic concrete to decrease. In addition,
waste plastic is hydrophobic material which may restrict the hydration of cement. The slump values of waste
plastic concrete mixtures showed a tendency to decrease below the slump of the reference concrete mixture.
Despite this decline in the slump of those mixtures, those mixtures are easy to work based on the consideration
that workability has a broad range from very low to high workability for different applications
2. Raghatate Atul M [2] observed in 2012 that, Compressive strength of concrete is affected by addition of
plastic pieces and it goes on decreasing as the percentage of plastic increases addition of 1 % of plastic in
concrete causes about 20% reduction in strength after 28 days curing. The splitting tensile strength observation
shows the improvement of tensile strength of concrete. Up to 0.8 % of plastic improvement of strength
recorded after that addition of strength of concrete decrease with addition of plastic. It was established that it
is, in fact possible the use plastic can be used to increase the tensile strength of concrete.
3. Nibudey. R.N [3], in 2013 observed in his study that, workability is reduced in PFRC. It was due to resistance
offered by the fibers to the movement of aggregates. The dry density is also reduced in PFRC but it is
beneficial to reduce dead weight of concrete. The relationship between cube and cylinder compressive
strength is linear. The ratio of PFRC cube compressive strength to cylindrical compressive strength is nearly
same as for reference concrete but no certain trend is observed. This preliminary study has thus shown that the
relationships between compressive strength, as used in European standard for plain concrete, can be applied to
concrete containing PET-fibers. It was observed during experimentations that normal concrete specimens were
suddenly broken into two pieces either cubes or cylinders but PFRC specimens did not suddenly break and
failure was ductile.
9. Cont…
4. Promod S. Patil [4] observed that he modified concrete mix, with addition of plastic
aggregate replacing conventional aggregate up to certain 20% gives strength with in
permissible limit. Modified concrete casted using plastic aggregate as a partial replacement
to coarse aggregate shows 10 % it could be satisfying as per IS codes. Density of concrete
is reducing after 20% replacement of coarse aggregates in a concrete.
5. T. Subramani [5] observed that, plastic waste can be disposed by using them as
construction materials. Since the plastic waste is not suitable to replace fine aggregate it is
used to replace the coarse aggregate. The compressive strength and split tensile strength of
concrete containing plastic aggregate is retained in comparison with controlled concrete
specimens. However, strength noticeably decreased when the plastic content was more than
20%. Has been concluded 20% of plastic waste aggregate can be incorporated as coarse
aggregate replacement in concrete without any long term detrimental effects and with
acceptable strength development properties.
10. 5. Methodology:
Phase 1 : Design mix proportions of M-
25 concrete.
Phase 2 : Formation of test matrix and
selection of PCA.
Phase 3 : Formation of PCA.
Phase 4 : Casting of concrete in
specimens.
Phase 5 :Test on concrete specimens
and results.
11. Cont…
M25 Mix Design
Phase 1 : Design mix proportions of M-25 concrete.
Note: A total of 9 cubes and 9 cylinders and 9 beam were prepared
Sr. No. Description Quantity
1. Cement 387.5 kg/m3
2. Water 186kg/m³
3. Fine aggregate 685.91 kg/m³
4. Coarse aggregates 1224.56 kg/m³
5. Water cement ratio 0.48
6. Mix Proportion 1 :1.77 :3.16
14. 1) Cement
53 grade OPC cement was used
for the experiment.
All the tests were conducted in
the cement to assure its quality
and satisfactory results were
obtained as per IS 12269:1987
Cont…
15. Tests on cement and results
Specific gravity
Standard
Consistency
Setting time
Initial Final
3.15 29% 30 min 580 min
Cont…
16. 2) Fine aggregates
Fine aggregate used is artifical sand
available in local market
Downsize of 3 mm was used
The artificial fine aggregate used was
free from any debris and was checked
properly before using
Cont…
17. Tests on fine aggregates
Specific gravity Fineness Modulus Moisture Content
2.64 2.608 2%
Cont…
18. 3) Coarse aggregates
Coarse aggregate used is natural
gravels.
Coarse aggregate of down size
20 mm is used.
Suitable laboratory tests are
conducted on aggregate to
determine the physical
properties.
Cont…
19. Tests on coarse aggregates
Specific
gravity
Moisture
Content
Crushing
strength
Impact test
value
Flakiness
index value
Elongation
index value
2.84 0.90% 22.6% 27.2% 12% 14.6%
Cont…
20. 4)Plastic Coarse aggregates
Plastic Coarse aggregate used
is formed from agriculture waste
plastic.
Plastic Coarse aggregate of
down size 20 mm is used.
Cont…
21. Properties of HDPE(plastic aggregate)
Density Heat resistant
439.62 kg/m³ Max - 160o C min - 90o C
Cont…
22. 5) Steel Fiber
Steel Fiber Flat Crimped type steel
fibers are used for experimental
work.
Eqv. Diameter of steel fiber 1 mm
Length of fiber used is 50 mm
Cont…
23. Properties of Steel Fiber
Specific
gravity
Eqv. Diameter
Length of
fiber
Tensile
strength
Modulus of
Elasticity
7.8 1 mm 50 mm 875 MPa 200 GPa
Cont…
24. 6. Experimental Programme
.
Waste Plastic
Crushing Plastic Waste
Melting Process
Cutting Process
Plastic Boulders
Cutting into Agg. Size
Making Conc. Specimen
6.1 Formation of PCA
25. 6.2 Procedure of preparing concrete
Step1
Mixing the raw
materials, i.e.,
Portland cement, fine
aggregate and coarse
aggregate, was
mixed.
The design mix
proportions were
1:1.77:3.16.
Step2
The experiment are
conducted replacing
coarse aggregate with
PCA ( 20 mm size
HDPE).The series of
experiments are
named as:
(P15-85:15);
(P30-70:30) and
(A0-100:0) with the
water to cement ratio
of 0.48.
Step3
The mixing process
created a
homogeneous mixture
to ensure the proper
coating of cement on
the aggregate.
The compressive
strength ,tensile
strength &
flexural strength of
the sample cubes,
cylinder and beam are
tabulated.
Cont…
26. 6.3 Tests on concrete
Slump test
Compaction factor test
Compressive strength test (7 ,14 & 28 days )
Split tensile test(7 ,14 & 28 days)
Flexural strength test (7 ,14 & 28 days)
Cont…
27. It shows the workability of plastic replaced concrete is
superior to that of normal concrete which is due to the lower
water absorption rate of plastics.
Sr.N. % of plastic
replaced
Slump value
(mm)
Compaction factor
1 0 2 0.90
2 15 10 0.88
3 30 12 0.87
6.4 Test on Fresh Concrete
Fig 1. Compaction factor test Fig 2. Slump cone test
Cont…
30. 7. Result
7.1 Compressive strength
% of
PCA
Added
Weight in kg Peak load (KN)
Compressive strength
(MPa)
7 days 14 days 28 days 7 days 14 days 28 days 7 days 14 days 28 days
0 8.771 8.622 8.580 504.04 543.37 603.26 22.40 22.40 26.81
15 8.457 8.441 8.445 439.18 478.58 559.57 19.51 21.27 24.87
30 8.092 7.991 7.933 406.09 394.42 321.3 18.04 17.53 14.82
Formula : fcu = Pc /A
31. Comparison of compressive strength
7 days 14 days 28 days
0% 22.4 22.4 26.81
15% 19.51 21.27 24.87
30% 18.04 17.51 15.82
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Strength(N/MM²)
Days
Compressive Strength(M25)
0% 15% 30%
Cont…
32. Observation for compressive strength
Compressive strength of plastic reinforced concrete is compared with
conventional concrete. From graph it is found a compressive strength up
to 92% is achieved for a mix of waste plastic up to 15% (as a
replacement for coarse aggregate) in concrete.
The reduction in compressive strength of plastic replaced concrete is
due to deficient bonding for 30% of plastic aggregate in the matrix.
Cont…
33. 7.2 Split tensile test
% of
PCA
Added
Weight in kg Peak load (KN)
Split tensile strength
(MPa)
7 days 14 days 28 days 7 days 14 days 28 days 7 days 14 days 28 days
0 14.185 14.385 14.420 173.80 253.05 285.33 2.45 3.58 4.036
15 13.250 13.263 13.165 139.22 206.72 248.81 1.97 2.92 3.52
30 12.660 12.635 12.605 115.48 134.30 155.36 1.63 1.90 2.19
Cont…
Formula : ft = 2P /LD
34. Comparison of tensile strength
7 Days 14 Days 28 Days
0% 2.45 3.58 4.036
15% 1.97 2.92 3.52
30% 1.63 1.9 2.19
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
Strength(N/MM²)
Days
Spilt Tensile Strength(M25)
0% 15% 30%
Cont…
35. Observation for split tensile strength
Split tensile strength up to 87% is achieved for a mix of waste plastic
up to 15% (as a replacement for coarse aggregate) in concrete.
The reduction in strength of plastic replaced concrete is due to
deficient bonding for 30% of plastic aggregate in the matrix.
Cont…
36. 7.3 Flexural strength test
% of
PCAAdded
Peak load (KN) Flexural strength (MPa)
7 days 14 days 28 days 7 days 14 days 28 days
0 6.64 10.27 13.59 3.58 5.54 7.34
15 4.48 7.61 10.12 2.42 4.11 5.46
30 2.20 5.47 7.22 1.19 2.95 3.84
Cont…
37. Comparison of Flexural strength
7 Days 14 Days 28 Days
0% 3.58 5.54 7.34
15% 2.42 4.11 5.46
30% 1.19 2.95 3.84
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Strength(N/MM²)
Days
Flexural Strength (M25)
0%
15%
30%
Cont…
38. Observation for Flexural strength strength
Flexural strength up to 75% is achieved for a mix of PCA up to 15%
(as a replacement for coarse aggregate) in concrete.
Flexural strength up to 52% is achieved for a mix of PCA up to 30%
(as a replacement for coarse aggregate) in concrete.
The reduction in strength of plastic replaced concrete is due to
deficient bonding of plastic aggregate in the matrix.
Cont…
39. 7.4 Weight
From the comparison of compressive strength , tensile strength and flexural
strength between conventional concrete and plastic replaced concrete, it is ideal to
use 15% plastic replaced concrete.
Using the 15% plastic reinforced concrete, weight of concrete can be reduced by
around 7% to 7.5% per cubic metre of concrete(M25).
% plastic replaced(by
vol.)
Mass of concrete per
cu. m (kg)
% reduction in mass of
concrete
0 2700
7.40%
15 2500
Cont…
41. 8. Conclusion
Compressive strength for concrete with 15% PCA concrete by adding steel fiber so result
approximate equal to normal concrete
Split tensile strength for concrete with 15% PCA concrete by adding steel fiber so result
approximate equal to normal concrete
Flexural strength for concrete with 15% PCA concrete by adding steel fiber so result
approximate equal to normal concrete
Compressive strength ,split tensile strength & flexural strength of concrete with more then 15%
show reduction in strength even steel fiber are added
A better workability is achieved for plastic concrete in comparison to the conventional one.
Considerable reduction in the weight results in the formation of light weight concrete.
Strength achieved for the plastic replaced concrete is slightly less than the conventional
concrete is improved by the use of steel fiber.
Recycled plastic in the construction purpose can set a benchmark by utilizing the non bio-
degradable waste and eventually minimizing the environmental pollution.
42. 9. Future scope
Plastic fiber can be used instead of steel fiber.
Experimental study has to be conducted for other varieties of plastic like
LDPE, PP.
Experimental study has to be conducted for other various grade of
concrete.
The fire resistance of RPC has to be tested under controlled condition to
ascertain the fire safety of the building.
The durability of such a concrete has to be tested for beams and columns
with varying proportions (0%,10%,20%,30%...) of waste plastic at
different ages.
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