Made by SHRIKRISHNA KESHARWANI Mtech 2nd sem SEMINAR PRESENTATION NIT WARANGAL

1. Innovations In Public
Transportation
SEMINAR
PRESENTATION
Made By- Shrikrishna Kesharwani
Roll No.- 22CEM3R23
M.Tech , First Year
Transportation Division
Department of Civil Engineering
NIT Warangal
Academic Year- 2023
Under the Guidance of - Dr. C.S.R.K. Prasad Sir
TOPIC-

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SHRIKRISHNA KESHARWANI
FLOW OF PRESENTATION
INTRODUCTION POLICIES
EVOLUTION
INNOVATIONS
CHALLENGES
LIERATURE
REVIEW AND
CASE STUDIES
SUMMARY

3. INTODUCTION
Public transport is a system
of transport for passengers by group
travel systems available for use by the
general public unlike private transport,
typically managed on a schedule,
operated on established routes, and that
charge a posted fee for each trip.
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WHAT IS
PUBLIC TRANSPORT ?
SOURCE- Lee et al. (2006) .

4. NEED FOR PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION
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TRAFFIC
CONGESTION
RISING FUEL
COSTS
LIMITED
PARKING
EQUITY
ISSUES
ENVIRONMENTAL
CONCERNS
Public transportation is important in urban areas as it provides accessible, affordable, and sustainable
transportation options, reduces traffic congestion, and has economic benefits.
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SHRIKRISHNA KESHARWANI SOURCE- Sinha (2004).

5. SPACE REQUIRED TO TRANSPORT 60 PEOPLE
BUS BICYCLES CARS
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SOURCE- CYCLING PROMOTION FUND, LINKEDIN

6. EVOLUTION OF PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION
7000 - 3000 BCE
1860 1891 2001
1888 1990
2023
2004 FUTURE ?
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CART RICKSAW TRAIN BULLET TRAIN BTS SKY TRAIN MAGLEV
BOAT TRAM STREET CAR PUBLIC BUS MRT METRO BUS ELECTRIC

7. POLICIES FOR PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION
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UDPFI, 1996
Modal Split by Public Transport
City Size Recommended Modal Split
for PT, %
Below 1 million 30%
Around 1 million 35%
1.5 million 40% +
3.0 million 50% +
6.0 million 70% +
9.0 million 75% + (85% with a Mass
Transit System)
By mixing uses of land to an optimum
level, decreasing trip generation and
high population density making mass
rapid transit systems technically and
economically viable.
URDPFI Guidelines, 2015
Compact City Approach
SOURCE- Government of India. (1996). Urban development plans formulation and implementation (UDPFI) guidelines.
SOURCE- Ministry of Urban Development, Government of India. (2015). Model Town Planning Scheme and URDPFI Guidelines.

8. National Urban Transport Policy (2014)
• Planning for MRT
• Common MRT Technologies
• Water Transport
• PT for Hill Cities
• Promoting Technologies for PT Modes
• Choice of MRT mode
• Multi-Modal Integrated MRT Network
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• Role of Para-transit
• Battery Operated Low Capacity
Vehicles
• Regional & Sub-Urban Connectivity
• First and Last mile connectivity
• Quality and pricing of PT
• Use of Clean Fuel and Clean Vehicle
Technology
SOURCE- Government of India. (2014). National Urban Transport Policy..

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SHRIKRISHNA KESHARWANI
PUBLIC TRANSPORT ORIENTED DEVELOPMENT (NTDPC, 2032)
Renovation of railways
stations
Renovation of areas
surrounding stations
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Improving public -transport
accessibility in existing
settlements
New public transport oriented
settlements
SOURCE- National Transit Oriented Development Policy. (2013). Ministry of Urban Development, Government of India...

10. CHALLENGES FOR INNOVATION IN PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION
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FUNDING INFRASTRUCTURE REGULATIONS
USER
ACCEPTANCE INTEGRATION DATA PRIVACY EQUITY
SOURCE- Ceder (2004)

11. Innovations In
Public
Transportation
BENEFITS CHALLENGES
• Innovation in public transportation refers
to the implementation of new
technologies and strategies to enhance
the efficiency, safety, and accessibility of
transportation systems.
• These may include electric buses, mobile
payment systems, real-time tracking and
monitoring, autonomous vehicles, and
data analytics.
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12. ELECTRIC AND
HYBRID BUSES
ADVANTAGES
1. Environmental benefits
2. Cost savings
3. Quieter rides
4. Potential for renewable energy
5. Improved energy efficiency
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DISADVANTAGES
1. Higher upfront cost
2. Limited range
3. Charging infrastructure requirements
4. Potential challenges in extreme weather
conditions
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SHRIKRISHNA KESHARWANI SOURCE- Kühne (2010)

13. CONTACTLESS
PAYMENT SYSTEMS
ADVANTAGES
1. Convenience
2. Faster boarding times
3. Reduced cash handling costs
4. Improved data collection
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DISADVANTAGES
1. Limited access
2. Potential for fraud
3. Infrastructure requirements
4. Potential for technical difficulties
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SHRIKRISHNA KESHARWANI SOURCE- Lusikka et al. (2019)

14. REAL-TIME
INFORMATION
ADVANTAGES
1. Improved passenger experience
2. Increased efficiency
3. Reduced uncertainty
4. Improved accessibility
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DISADVANTAGES
1. Technical issues
2. Implementation costs
3. Security concerns
4. Accessibility barriers
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15. AUTONOMOUS
VEHICLES
ADVANTAGES
1. Improved safety
2. Increased efficiency
3. Reduced operating costs
4. Improved accessibility
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DISADVANTAGES
1. Technical issues
2. High upfront costs
3. Safety concerns
4. Job displacement
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SHRIKRISHNA KESHARWANI SOURCE- Site et al. (2011)

16. INTEGRATED FARE
SYSTEMS
ADVANTAGES
1. Convenience
2. Cost savings
3. Increased ridership
4. Improved data collection
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DISADVANTAGES
1. Implementation costs
2. Technical challenges
3. Equity concerns
4. Privacy concerns
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SHRIKRISHNA KESHARWANI SOURCE- Lusikka et al. (2019)

17. MOBILITY AS A SERVICE (MAAS)
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Mobility as a service (MaaS) is a type of service that, through a joint digital channel, enables users to plan,
book, and pay for multiple types of mobility services, eg- Travel Buddy app of London, UK

18. Emerging technologies
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Hyperloop is a proposed mode of transportation that uses high-speed trains or pods to travel through a low-pressure
tube or tunnel, allowing for speeds of up to 700 miles per hour or more, with potential benefits such as increased speed
and efficiency, reduced congestion, and cost-effectiveness, but challenges such as technical, safety, cost, and accessibility
concerns must also be addressed.
SOURCE- Goeverden et al. (2018)

19. Emerging technologies
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Drones are being explored as a potential mode of public transportation for short trips in urban areas, with potential
benefits such as reduced traffic congestion, increased efficiency, and lower costs, but challenges such as regulatory
hurdles, safety concerns, and limited payload capacity must also be addressed.
SOURCE- Goeverden et al. (2018)

20. LITERATURE
REVIEW
AND CASE
STUDIES
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21. NAME AUTHOR OBSERVATIONS
Innovative land use and public
transportation policy
Rabinovitch (1996)
Examines the successful approach of Curitiba, Brazil, to urban planning and public transportation as
an integrated system, highlighting the importance of incremental change and prioritizing effective
transport over particular vehicles.
Innovative Solutions for Public
Transport; Curitiba, Brazil
Friberg (2000)
• Discusses how Curitiba, Brazil has successfully created a privately owned public transport system
through innovative solutions and long-term planning, making it a model for other cities to
consider.
• The success is due to practical reasons such as efficiency, coverage, and affordability, but the
increasing number of cars may pose a threat to the system's success and the city's environment.
Sustainability and Urban Public
Transportation
Sinha (2003)
• Suggests that changes in land use, pricing mechanisms, and technological innovations can be
effective in slowing or reversing the growth in private automobiles and making public transit more
attractive and viable.
• Additionally, the paper highlights the need for a comprehensive approach involving multiple
factors such as land use, transportation planning, pricing, technology, and management
innovations to achieve sustainable transportation systems in cities worldwide..
New Urban Public Transportation
Systems: Initiatives, Effectiveness,
and Challenges
Ceder (2004)
• Auckland, a sizable New Zealand city that is dealing with worsening traffic congestion and
pollution.
• Auckland develop a combination of rail and tube systems throughout time, together with feeder
and distributor bus lines.

22. NAME AUTHOR OBSERVATIONS
Sao Paulo Metro: A successful
public transportation system
Pereira (2004)
• Discusses the Sao Paulo Metro in Brazil, its development, and its benefits as a successful public
transportation system.
• It highlights the positive impact it has had on reducing traffic congestion, air pollution, and noise
levels in the city, as well as improving accessibility and mobility for residents, contributing to their
overall well-being.
Sustainability, public transportation
and Technological innovations
Sinha (2004)
• Discusses how technology can help make public transportation more eco-friendly.
• The paper explores different technologies, such as electric buses and intelligent transportation
systems, that can reduce greenhouse gas emissions and make public transportation more
efficient, but also highlights the challenges that come with implementing these technologies.
Opportunities for innovation in
public transport: Effects of
regulatory reforms on innovative
capabilities,
Ongkittikul &
Geerlings (2006)
• The paper talks about how changes in the rules and regulations of public transport can affect the
ability of the industry to come up with new and better ways to serve people.
• It looks at different types of innovations, like making better technology or training workers better,
and compares how these things have happened in different countries..
Innovative public transport
oriented policies in Seoul
Lee et al. (2006)
• Discuss a number of policies, including those that promote the use of public transport, such as Bus
Rapid Transit, Bus Management, Skip Stop Systems in Subways, and New Fare Systems in Public
Transport, as well as those that discourage it, such as the elimination of an urban motorway,
Tunnel Pricing, and Parking Policy.

23. NAME AUTHOR OBSERVATIONS
Bus Public Transport Energy
Consumption and Emissions versus
Individual Transportation
Silva et al. (2008)
Discusses a study comparing the energy consumption and emissions of urban diesel buses and light
duty vehicles, concluding that the more efficient mode of transport depends on the number of
passengers being transported.
Electric buses: An energy efficient
urban transportation means
Kühne (2010)
Suggests investigating the use of modern trolley bus systems in Germany for sustainable urban
transportation due to their environmentally-friendly and energy-saving nature, ease of integration,
and high efficiency in improving existing networks and connecting new areas.
Users’ preferences towards
innovative and conventional public
transport
Site et al. (2011)
The paper looks at what people like more, new or old public transport systems, with a focus on a new
system being tested in Rome, and shows that people prefer newer systems that are comfortable.
Innovative Concepts in First-Last
Mile Connections to Public
Transportation
Lesh. (2013)
Discusses the challenges in public transportation and proposes innovative solutions (like bike-sharing
programs, on-demand shuttle services, autonomous vehicles, mobility hubs, and improved pedestrian
infrastructure) to improve access and mobility, reduce vehicle miles traveled, and address
environmental concerns..
Public transportation systems for
urban planners and designers: the
urban morphology of public
transportation systems
Stojanovsk (2013)
Discusses the importance of designing public transportation systems that reflect the urban
morphology of a city, and the role of urban planners and designers in creating such systems.

24. NAME AUTHOR OBSERVATIONS
The role of passenger-centric
innovation in the future of public
transport
Camacho et al. (2016)
• Emphasizes the importance of passenger-centric innovation in public transport, which focuses on
enhancing the service based on passengers' evolving needs, desires, and values.
• It calls for an interdisciplinary approach to research and design to overcome barriers and achieve a
future where passenger-centric innovation is valued in the public transport industry.
Innovative public transport in
Europe, Asia and Latin America: a
survey of recent implementations
Pasquale et al.(2016)
• The paper surveys recent innovative solutions implemented in urban public transport in Europe,
Asia, and Latin America, and discusses the need for collaboration between regions to overcome
barriers such as lack of knowledge on priorities and lack of standardization and interoperability.
• Standardization and interoperability can help reduce costs of investments and make up for chronic
infrastructure deficits.
Moving Citizens and Deterring
Criminals: Innovation in Public
Transport Facilities
Bacarreza & Urrego
(2016)
• The paper explores the relationship between public transport innovations and crime reduction in
cities through case studies of innovative transport systems from different cities around the world.
• The authors find that innovative public transport facilities can help deter crime and enhance the
safety and well-being of commuters.
Transport innovations and their
effect on cities: the emergence of
urban linear ferries worldwide
Tanko & Burke (2017)
• The paper discusses a new type of transportation system called "urban linear ferries" that operate
on waterways in cities.
• Potential benefits of urban linear ferries in reducing travel times and improving access to
waterfront areas, and provide examples of cities where they have already been implemented.

25. NAME AUTHOR OBSERVATIONS
The transition to zero-emission
buses in public transport -The need
for institutional innovation
Bakkera & Konings
(2017)
Explores the role of institutions in the implementation of zero-emission buses in public transport, and
suggests institutional innovation as a means of overcoming the barriers to their large-scale adoption.
Analysis and modelling of
performances of the HL
(Hyperloop) transport system
Goeverden et al.
(2018)
The Hyperloop system has potential as a sustainable mode of transport, but its low capacity and high
infrastructure costs may limit its application to the premium passenger market, and further research is
needed to improve its operational, financial, and social/environmental performances.
Public Transportation Education:
Inventory and Recommendations
on Curricula
Beiler (2018)
• Explores the current state of public transportation engineering courses in the US and provides
recommendations for future course development.
• The study suggests that the inclusion of new topics and the development of courses for
undergraduate students can attract and prepare future public transportation engineers, leading to
improved accessibility and availability of public transportation courses.
Public transport innovation
platform boosting Intelligent
Transport System value chains
Lusikka et al. (2019)
The paper discusses the use of open innovation platforms in public transport to create more value
through collaboration and presents a new added value description, the "Value Ramp," for testing and
development of ITS in a real operating environment.

26. NAME AUTHOR OBSERVATIONS
Investigating the preferences of
individuals on public transport
innovations using the Maximum
Difference Scaling method
Tsafarakis et al. (2019)
• The paper explores what people in Europe like and dislike about public transport, and how it can
be improved.
• The findings can help make public transport better and more attractive to people.
Evaluation of innovative ideas for
Public Transport proposed by
citizens using Multi Criteria
Decision Analysis (MCDA)
Nalmpantis et al.
(2019)
• Discusses how citizens can generate innovative ideas for public transport through participatory
techniques and the need to rank these ideas for implementation.
• The paper used the Analytic Hierarchy Process to rank the ideas based on feasibility, utility, and
innovativeness, providing valuable insight into integrating innovation with public transport to
make it more attractive and increase its use.
Public Transportation Analysis
Based on Social Media Data
Zhang et al.(2019)
• Explains how social media data can be used to analyze public transportation issues.
• The researchers collected data from social media, analyzed it, and proposed ways to improve the
Nanjing subway system based on their findings such as improving metro operation management,
station safety management, auxiliary facility management, and emergency handling.
Service innovation in digitalized
product platforms: An illustration of
the implications of generativity on
remote diagnostics of public
transport buses
Chowdhury et al.
(2021)
• It explains how digital technology is enabling companies to create new services
• Suggests that to do this successfully, companies need to involve customers and have a mindset
that focuses on providing services instead of just selling products.

27. CASE STUDY
Curitiba is a city in southern Brazil with a population
of over 1.9 million people. The city is known for its
innovative approach to urban planning, particularly
its use of a Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) system. The
Curitiba BRT is a unique model that has been
replicated in cities around the world.
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WHY
CURITIBA?
• First BRTS Implemented In the world
• Land use and Transportation Integration
• Use of various kinds of innovations to make the
BRTS Travel efficient.
CURITIBA
BRAZIL
SOURCE- Rabinovitch (1996)

28. BACKGROUND
The Curitiba BRT system was developed
in the 1970s, during the city's urban
planning renaissance. The system was
designed to be a cost-effective
alternative to traditional rail-based
transit systems.
The BRT system consists of dedicated
bus lanes, stations with level boarding,
and prepaid fare collection. The system's
buses are also equipped with features
such as air conditioning, Wi-Fi, and bike
racks.
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SHRIKRISHNA KESHARWANI SOURCE- CURITIBA, BRAZIL BRT CASE STUDY. (n.d.).,

29. With less traffic congestion, buses and vehicles could travel around the city
more effectively because to the system's network of roadways. The idea of
three highways running parallel to one another in each direction is the
foundation of the trinary road system.
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TRINARY ROAD SYSTEM
Started 1974
Busway length 72 Km
Daily Passengers >20,00,000
Avg. Speed 25 km/hr
Headway
• 50- sec. headway at peak times
times
• 2 to 3 minutes at other times at
at the central station
Bus/Bus stops
2000 bus
200+ bus tubes
25 terminals
Management
Contract basis but owned by govt.
Features
• Bus Colouring Hierarchical
network busways on the local
streets.
• Land use control along the
busways
SOURCE- CURITIBA, BRAZIL BRT CASE STUDY. (n.d.). Retrieved May 4, 2023,

30. Innovations used in the Curitiba’s BRTS system
• Buses runs on biofuel made entirely from soy in its buses.
• 30% reduction in GHG Emission.
• Ecologically friendly since it utilizes low-emission buses and
reduces traffic
• Has begun using electric buses. With an aim of having a 100%
electric fleet by 2025,
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• Single fee structure that enables users to go anywhere within the
network, which spans more than 40 kilometers.
• Smart card system
• Automatic ticket vending machines at stations and terminals.
• Most notably, the entire system is financed by fares and operates
without any subsidies.
SOURCE- https://development.asia/case-study/what-worlds-first-bus-rapid-transit-system-can-teach-us

31. Innovations used in the Curitiba’s BRTS system
All BRT stations will have signature "tube" stations and closed terminals
to promote integration level boarding. It has become as a city icon.
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The inclusion of wheelchair accessible ramps in the Curitiba BRT
system has made public transportation more accessible and
convenient for people with disabilities.
SOURCE- https://development.asia/case-study/what-worlds-first-bus-rapid-transit-system-can-teach-us

32. Impact of BRTS on the city Curitiba
The city has benefited economically from the BRT system. Better
transport infrastructure has boosted corporate efficiency and made it
simpler for locals to access employment opportunities. Because of the
system's accessibility to all income levels and affordability, the city's
economic gaps have been lessened.
The BRT system has improved citizens' quality of life, which is another
effect. Residents now have more time to interact with their family and
engage in other activities because to shortened travel distances and
increased dependability.
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SHRIKRISHNA KESHARWANI SOURCE- https://development.asia/case-study/what-worlds-first-bus-rapid-transit-system-can-teach-us

33. CASE STUDY
Since its inception, the BRT system in Curitiba has
continued to develop and grow. The network has
grown to include more routes, and it is also
connected with other types of transportation
including bike-sharing schemes.
The Curitiba BRT system has completely changed the
city. The environment, the economy, and the quality
of life for locals have all benefited from the increased
transit infrastructure. Due to its success, other cities
all around the world also use the approach as a
guide.
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SHRIKRISHNA KESHARWANI
CURITIBA
BRAZIL
Future Prospects
SOURCE- FRIBERG, (n.d.).

34. Accessible ticket machines in Stockholm
These devices offer a variety of features that adapt to the requirements of
persons with physical and sensory disabilities and were developed and
tested in collaboration with organizations for handicapped people.
Creating of a more inclusive and accessible public transportation network
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35. NITW ECO-FRIENDLY EV FOR PUBLIC TRANSPORT
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36. SUMMARY
• The collection of papers explores various aspects of sustainable urban transportation, including the use of trolley bus systems,
open innovation platforms, zero-emission buses, the Hyperloop, , the application of new business models, the use of data and
technology, and environmental measures and energy-efficient modes of transport.
• The papers suggest that institutional innovation, collaboration, and further research are necessary to overcome barriers and
improve the operational, financial, and environmental performances of these sustainable transportation options.
• Case study examines Curitiba, Brazil's Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) system, a cutting-edge urban transportation technology that is
largely regarded as a success in the transportation sector.
• Public transportation is an essential service that provides access to mobility for millions of people around the world.
• The challenges facing public transportation in India and around the world are significant, but there are also many opportunities
for innovation and improvement.
• By investing in infrastructure, technology, and quality of service, we can create a more efficient, sustainable world.
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37. THANKYOU
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SHRIKRISHNA KESHARWANI

38. REFERENCES-
• Bakker, S., & Konings, R. (2018). The transition to zero-emission buses in public transport – The need for institutional innovation.
Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 64, 204–215
• CURITIBA, BRAZIL BRT CASE STUDY. (n.d.). Retrieved May 4, 2023,
• Camacho, T., Foth, M., Rakotonirainy, A., Rittenbruch, M., & Bunker, J. (2016). The role of passenger-centric innovation in the future
of public transport. Public Transport, 8(3), 453–475
• Canavire-Bacarreza, G., Bank, W., & Urrego, J. A. (2016). Moving Citizens and Deterring Criminals: Innovation in Public Transport
Facilities.
• Ceder, A. (2004). New Urban Public Transportation Systems: Initiatives, Effectiveness, and Challenges.
• Chowdhury, S., Åkesson, M., & Thomsen, M. (2021). Service innovation in digitalized product platforms: An illustration of the
implications of generativity on remote diagnostics of public transport buses. Technology in Society, 65.
• Site, P., Filippi, F., & Giustiniani, G. (2011). Users’ preferences towards innovative and conventional public transport. Procedia -
Social and Behavioral Sciences, 20, 906–915
• Di Pasquale, G., Santos, A. S. dos, Leal, A. G., & Tozzi, M. (2016). Innovative Public Transport in Europe, Asia and Latin America: A
Survey of Recent Implementations. Transportation Research Procedia, 14, 3284–3293.
• FRIBERG, L. (n.d.). Innovative Solutions for Public Transport; Curitiba, Brazil.
• Kühne, R. (2010). Electric buses - An energy efficient urban transportation means. Energy, 35(12), 4510–4513.
• Lee, S., Lee, S., & Lee, Y. I. (2006). Innovative public transport oriented policies in Seoul. Transportation, 33(2), 189–204.
• Lesh, M. C. (2013). Innovative Concepts in First-Last Mile Connections to Public Transportation.
• Lorenzini, A., Sala, L., Brooke, S., Cottrill, C., & Wright, S. (n.d.). Compilation of 51 case study profiles; overviews and in-depth
investigations.

39. • Lusikka, T., Kinnunen, T. K., & Kostiainen, J. (2020). Public transport innovation platform boosting Intelligent Transport System value
chains. Utilities Policy, 62.
• Nalmpantis, D., Roukouni, A., Genitsaris, E., Stamelou, A., & Naniopoulos, A. (2019). Evaluation of innovative ideas for Public
Transport proposed by citizens using Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA). European Transport Research Review, 11(1).
• Ongkittikul, S., & Geerlings, H. (2006). Opportunities for innovation in public transport: Effects of regulatory reforms on innovative
capabilities. Transport Policy, 13(4), 283–293.
• Oswald Beiler, M. R. (2018). Public Transportation Education: Inventory and Recommendations on Curricula. Journal of Professional
Issues in Engineering Education and Practice, 144(3).
• Pereira, arnaldo. (2004). Sao Paulo Metro: A successful public transportation system.
• Rabinovitch, J. (1996). Innovative land use and public transport policy The case of Curitiba, Brazil (Vol. 13, Issue 1).
• Silva, C., Bravo, J., Gonçalves, G., Farias, T., & Mendes-Lopes, J. (2008). Bus Public Transport Energy Consumption and Emissions
versus Individual Transportation.
• Sinha, K. C. (2004). Sustainability, public transportation and Technological innovations.
• Sinha, K. C., & Asce, F. (2003). Sustainability and Urban Public Transportation.
• Stojanovski, T. (2013). Public transportation systems for urban planners and designers: the urban morphology of public transportation
systems.
• Tanko, M., & Burke, M. I. (2017). Transport innovations and their effect on cities: The emergence of urban linear ferries worldwide.
Transportation Research Procedia, 25, 3957–3970.
• Tsafarakis, S., Gkorezis, P., Nalmpantis, D., Genitsaris, E., Andronikidis, A., & Altsitsiadis, E. (2019). Investigating the preferences of
individuals on public transport innovations using the Maximum Difference Scaling method. European Transport Research Review,