The document discusses the concept of community, including definitions from various sociologists. It describes community as a social group bound together by common interests, geography, values or experiences. The key elements that make up a community are a group of people, a definite locality, community sentiment, likeness, permanence, neutrality and size. Community sentiment involves a sense of "we", roles within the community, and feelings of dependency. Types of community include geographic and communities of interest. Community social work aims to address community needs, promote participation, and support formal and informal relationships and institutions within a community.

1. COMMUNITY
Concept of community
Nature of community
Elements of community
Types of community

2. Concept of community
• Community as a network or informal
relationships between people connected with
each other by kinship, common interest,
geographical proximity, friendship, occupation
or the giving and receiving of services or
various combination of theses.

3. • The term community describes the nature of a
particular series of connections between
individuals which binds them together into a
group. The coherency of the group will
depend on the number and strength of these
connections between individuals.

4. • Talcott Parsons defined community as collectivity the members of
which share a common territorial area as their base of operation for
daily activities.
• According to Tonnies community is defined as an organic natural
kind of social group whose members are bound together by the
sense of belonging, created out of everyday contacts covering the
whole range of human activities. He has presented ideal-typical
pictures of the forms of social associations contrasting the solidarity
nature of the social relations in the community with the large scale
and impersonal relations thought to characterize industrializing
societies.
• Kingsley Davis defined it as the smallest territorial group that can
embrace all aspects of social life.
• Karl Mannheim community is any circle of people who live together
and belong together in such a way that they do not share this or
that particular interest only but a whole set of interests.

5. • Some of the connections which bind people
together into a community are in two
themes;
• For sociologists
• A. a common geographical area
• B. a common interest
• C. ethnic origin
• D.disability

6. • E. Common purpose
• F. consistency of interaction
• G. common/shared values, beliefs and outlook
• H. common perception of experience

7. • COMMUNITYY AS A GEOGRAPHICAL CONCEPT
• According to ROBERT E PARK AND ERNEST W.
BURGESS;
• ‘Community is the term which is applied to
societies and social groups where they are
considered from the point of view of the
geographical distribution of the individuals
and institutions of which they are composed.’

8. COMMUNITY AS A NATURAL LOCAL
AREA
• Mabel A Elliott and Francies E Merrill
• ‘The community has two related aspects, the
geographical and the psychological.
Geographically it may be considered as a
contiguous distribution of people with their
social institutions….psychologically we may
think of the community in terms of the
elements that combine to make it a dynamic
and living entity.’

9. • ARTHUR E MORGAN
• ‘A community is an association of individuals
and families that plan and act in concert as
organized unit in meeting their common
needs.’

10. • The community as a geographical concept
• ‘geographical distribution of the individual and institution
• The community as a natural local area characterized by equal stress
on both aspects
• Act together in order to provide for mutual protection and welfare
• living in a contiguous territory
• Participation in collective life which gives unity to the population of
a locality
• The community as a socially homogenous area characterized by
group interaction
• It stresses on consensus ,identification, a common way of life,
shared interests and values

11. Elements of Community
• 1.Group of people
• 2. Definite locality
• 3.Community sentiment
• 4. Likeness
• 5.Permanency
• 6.Neutrality
• 7.Size
• 8.Wider ends
• 9. A Particular name

12. Community Sentiment
• Three elements of community sentiment
• 1. We feeling
• 2.Role feeling
• 3. Dependency feelings

13. Types of community
• 1. Geographic community
• 2. Community of interest

14. Functions of community
• 1.production- distribution-consumption
• 2.socialization
• 3.social control
• 4.social participation
• 5.mutual support

15. Difference between community and
society
• Population is one of the most essential characteristics of a
community irrespective of the consideration whether
people have or do not have conscious relation. Population
is important but here the population is conditioned by a
feeling of oneness. Thus conscious relations are more
important than the mere population for a society.
• A community by nature is discrete as compared with
society. By nature and character society is abstract.
• For community area or locality is very essential and that
perhaps is the reason that the community had a definite
shape. Society is area less and shapeless and for a society
area is no consideration.

16. • A community has comparatively narrow scope of community sentiments
and as such it cannot have wide heterogeneity.
• A society has heterogeneity and because of its wide scope and field can
embrace people having different conflicts.
• The scope of community is narrow than that of society because
community came much later than the society. Though the primitive
people might not have understood the importance of community but they
realized that of the society and lived in it.
• The society has much wider scope as compared with the community.
• In a community every effort is made to avoid differences or conflicts and
to bring likeness as nearly as possible because cooperation and conflicts
cannot exist in a community.
• In a society likeness and conflict can exist side by side and in fact the scope
of society is so vast that there is every possibility of adjustment.
• A community cannot be self sufficient because of its limited scope and
nature . It is possible for a society to become self suficient

17. COMMUNITY SOCIAL WORK
• Community social work is a basic method of
social work which starts from problems
affecting individual or groups, the
responsibilities and resources of social work
departments and informal organizations, it
seeks to support ,enable and formal and
informal relationships.[BARCLAY]

18. • Community social work is about encouraging
people to discover their resources and
possibilities in order to work for positive
change in their community. People have the
right to participate in decision making process
that affecting them.

19. • Social work with communities is a generalist
practice method that enables individuals and
groups to achieve a more desirable level of life
satisfaction as well as more effective levels of
adaptation.

20. Community practice approach
• 1.social action
• 2.social planning
• 3.community development

21. • The means and ends of community social
work are not merely to provide people with
services and or resources, to make possible
the process of discovering and learning
together by which communal life is created.

22. Nature of community social work
• It fights against poverty and social exclusion
• It aims to include service users as full and active citizen
• It challenges discrimination by race, disability, age, religion,
gender and sexual orientation.
• It is about people working together.
• It promotes participation in decision making and gives
people more power.
• It works for prevent problems.
• It encourage people to learn skills and knowledge and
confidence through taking actions.
• It supports joint work. Action can range from individual self
help to lobbying and campaigning.

23. Elements of community social work
• Community
• Needs of community
• Institutions
• Representatives
• Process

24. • 1.a. community as people
• b. community as social system

25. • 2.felt needs
• community needs assessments
• Needs/problems can be identified by
understanding the community as a whole.
• Particularly concerned with the needs of those
who have been disadvantaged or oppressed
through poverty, discrimination on the basis
of race,class,gender, age or disability.

26. • 3.Formal and informal institutions have been
working for fulfillment of needs of community
and providing services.

27. • 4. community worker as community
development worker and community
organizer work as representative. They work
as guide, as enabler, as teacher, as mediator
etc.

28. • 5. social work process or community work
process. By itself it cannot possibly substitute for
wider processes of economic, social, and political
changes. But it has the potential to contribute to
such wider process of changes and in relation to
the development of more preventive and more
participatory approaches to social work. The
process can promote more appropriate, more co
ordinated and more democratically accountable
approaches to economic and social planning, to
meet social needs.

29. Philosophy of community social work
• Community social work based on felt needs
• Community social work based on assumptions
that people wants to be free from poverty and
pain
• It is assumed that people wish to have freedom in
controlling their own lives
• Peoples value has given due consideration
• Self help is the base of community social work
• People are the greatest resources
• Community social work involves changes.

30. Task of community workers
• Making contact with individuals, groups and
organization.
• Developing a community profile, assessing
community resources and needs.
• Developing a strategic analysis and planning aims,
objectives and targets.
• Working productively with conflict, within and
between groups and organizations.
• Working with individuals, including counselling

31. • Managing resources, including staff, time and
budgets
• Supporting group and organizations in
obtaining resources
• Monitoring and evaluating progress and the
most effective uses of resources
• Collaborating and negotiating with other
agencies and professions