The document discusses school health services in India. It provides background on school health and outlines the components, principles, administration and roles of the school health team, which includes the school principal, teachers, parents, community, children, medical officer and school health nurse. The goals are to promote student health and development. Key aspects covered include health appraisal, treatment, prevention, nutrition, education and maintenance of health records. The overall aim is to improve student well-being and reduce illness.

1. SCHOOL HEALTH
SERVICES
SHIVRAJKUMAR.R.D
M.Sc (N)

2. Introduction
• Children between the age of 5-17 years
are school age children.
• About 30 percent of the population is
comprised of this age group.
2

3. School
• School is defined as an educational
institution where groups of pupils
pursue defined studies at defined
levels, receive instructions from one or
more teachers, frequently interact with
other officers and employees such as
principal, various supervisors/
instructors, and maintenance staff etc.,
usually housed in a single building.
3

4. School Health
• School health refers to a state of
complete physical, mental, social and
spiritual well being and not merely the
absence of disease or Infirmity among
pupils, teachers and other school
personnel.
4

5. School Health Services
• Ideally School health services refer to need
based comprehensive services rendered to
pupils, teachers and other personnel in the
school to promote and protect their health,
prevent and control diseases and maintain
their health. But practically, it refers to
providing need based comprehensive
services to pupils to promote and protect
their health, control diseases and maintain
their health.
5

6. SCHOOL HEALTH SERVICES IN
INDIA
• Before Independence Era
• Post Independence Era
6

7. • 1909, when for the first time medical
examination of school children was
done in Baroda city.
• 1957 when Child Education -Nutrition
Education Committee and WHO
assisted School Health Education
project were set up.
7

8. • 1960 the Ministry of Health,
Government of India, set up a School
Health Committee under the
chairmanship of Smt. Renuka Ray, the
then member of parliament to assess
the standard of Health and Nutrition of
school children and also to suggest
ways and means of improving these.
• 1977 when a Centrally Sponsored
National School Health Scheme was
started.
8

9. • 1979, the National School Health
scheme was handed over to State
Governments.
• 1981, a Task Force was established by
the Government of India, Ministry of
Health and Family Welfare to study the
progress of School Health programme
functioning in various states of the
country.
• 1984-85.Delhi had its own
comprehensive school Health Scheme
which is continuing.
9

10. • 1988, a proposal for the comprehensive
school health service.
• 1989, the Central Health Education
Bureau, Directorate General of Health
Services, had launched an intensive
School Health Education Project.
• At present "child to child” and "Youth
to child” approaches.
10

11. AIM OF SCHOOL HEALTH
SERVICES
The ultimate aim of School Health
Services is to promote, protect and
maintain health of school children and
reduce morbidity and mortality in them.
11

12. OBJECTIVES OF SCHOOL
HEALTH SERVICES
1. The promotion of positive health.
2. The prevention of diseases.
3. Early diagnosis, treatment and follow
up of defects.
4. Awakening health consciousness in
children.
5. The provision of healthful environment
12

13. GOALS OF SCHOOL HEALTH
SERVICES
1) To prepare the younger generation to
adopt measures to remain healthy so
as to help them to make the best use of
educational facilities, to utilize leisure
in productive and constructive manner,
to enjoy recreation and to develop
concern for others.
13

14. 2) To help the younger generation
become healthy and useful citizens
who will be able to perform their role
effectively for the welfare of
themselves, their families, and the
community at large and country as a
whole.
14

15. NEED FOR SCHOOL HEALTH
SERVICES
1. School children constitute a vital and
substantial segment of population.
2. School children are vulnerable section
of population by virtue of their
physical, mental, emotional and social
growth and development during this
period.
3. School children are exposed to
various stressful situations.
15

16. 4. Children coming to school belong to
different socio-economic and cultural
backgrounds which affect their health
and nutrition status and require help
and guidance in promoting, protecting
and maintaining their health and
nutritional status.
5. Children in school age are prone to get
specific health problems.
16

17. PHILOSOPHY OF SCHOOL
HEALTH SERVICES
1. A healthy child is mentally alert,
receptive, will not miss school due to
minor sickness and will have better
performance in his/her studies.
2. Health is not just freedom from
sickness or infirmity but the realization
of the full potential of the child which
has physical, mental, social and
spiritual components.
17

18. 3. Prevention is better than cure;
interventions when health breaks
down are costly and time consuming.
4. School health services will help
identify any deviations from normal
growth and development, any health
problem so that timely, therapeutic,
corrective and rehabilitative actions
can be taken to im-prove and maintain
health and continue studies.
18

19. 5. While early diagnosis and prompt and
adequate treatment is of great importance,
follow up care is equally important for
effective school health services.
6. Rehabilitation of physically and mentally
handicapped children can be done and
must receive ad-equate attention.
7. Health knowledge and skills learnt not
only will benefit the child but also it will
benefit the school, the parents, family and
community.
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20. PRINCIPLES OF SCHOOL
HEALTH SERVICES
1. Be based on health needs of school
children.
2. Be planned in coordination with school,
health personnel, parents and community
people.
3. Be part of community health services.
4. Emphasize on promotive and preventive
aspects.
20

21. 5. Emphasize on health education to
promote, protect, improve and maintain
health of children and Staff.
6. Emphasize on learning through active and
desirable participation.
7. Be ongoing and continuous programme.
8. Have an effective system of record
keeping and reporting.
21

22. COMPONENTS OF SCHOOL
HEALTH SERVICES
I) Health Promotive and Protective Services
1. Wholesome school environment
2. Maintenance of personal hygiene.
3. Nutritional services
4. Physical & recreational activities
5. Promotion of Mental health
6. Health Education
7. Immunization
22

23. II) Therapeutic Services
1. Health appraisal
2. Treatment and follow up
3. First aid and emergency care
4. Specialized health services
III) Rehabilitative Services
• Care of the handicapped
IV) School Health Records
23

24. SCHOOL HEALTH
PROBLEMS
• Health problems:-
1. Malnutrition
2. Infectious diseases
3. Intestinal parasites
4. Diseases of skin, eye and ear
5. Dental caries.
24

25. • Behavior problem:-
1. Antisocial problem: - stealing, lying,
gambling, destructiveness, sexual
offence.
2. Habit disorders: - nail biting, thumb
sucking, bed wetting.
25

26. 3. Personality disorders: - temper
tantrum, shyness, day dreaming, and
jealousy.
4. Educational difficulties: -
backwardness in study, school fear,
school failure, etc.
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27. SCHOOL HEALTH TEAM
1. The school principal
2. The school teacher
3. The parents
4. The community
5. The children
6. The medical officer
7. The school health nurse/community
health nurse
27

28. THE SCHOOL PRINCIPAL
1. Ensure that school health programme has
the approval and support of school
administrative authority.
2. Setup a school health committee/school
health council to work out the school
health plan and plan for its implementation.
3. Ensure that teachers are adequately trained
for health care of school-children.
28

29. 4. Provide facilities for implementation of
school health activities.
5. Make sure that proper health records
are maintained.
6. Ensure that parents are involved and
follow up of children is done.
29

30. THE SCHOOL TEACHER
1. Daily inspection of children for personal
hygiene and cleanliness;
2. Daily observation of children for
detecting any evidence of any deviation
from normal health, behavior, any
communicable disease, malnutrition etc;
3. Help in control of communicable
diseases;
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31. 4. Referral of child having any problem to
school health clinic for further action;
5. Informing the parents and maintaining
follow up;
6. Maintaining record of anthropometric
measurements and other health record
of children;
7. Help in providing safe environmental
sanitation;
8. Giving First Aid and Emergency care
to children;
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32. 9. Imparting of health education on
healthful living habits and behavior
etc;
10.Participate in investigation of
epidemic or any communicable
disease etc.
32

33. THE PARENTS
1. They can help in correction of defects if
any and follow up of children found sick.
2. They can help in formation of good
healthful living habits and behaviour.
3. Through "Parents- Teachers
Association" the parents can be
involved in planning, organizing and
implementation of school health
programme,
33

34. THE COMMUNITY
1. Providing suitable land for school
building;
2. Providing funds and labour in building
proper school;
3. Participation in school health committees
or councils and contribute in formulation
of school health policies and plan;
4. Participation in implementation of
programme activities.
5. Motivating parents to send their children
to school and take care of their health etc.
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35. THE CHILDREN
1. Learn values of medical and health
examinations, personal hygiene, good
nutrition, environmental sanitation etc.;
2. Co-operate in various aspects of school
health programme;
3. Develop positive habits and healthful
living activities as educated upon;
4. Extend this knowledge to other members
of the family, neighborhood etc.
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36. THE MEDICAL OFFICER
1. Medical examination of the students;
2. Making diagnosis;
3. Prescribing treatment;
4. Making referral to specialists,
5. Ensuring follow up of children;
6. Initiating promotive and preventive
programme;
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37. 7. Inspection of school environment and
sanitation
8. Holding meetings with parents and
teachers;
9. Ensuring maintenance of records and
reports;
10.Evaluation of the programme and
redefining programme objectives and
activities.
37

38. THE SCHOOL HEALTH
NURSE
Is responsible for comprehensive health
of the child. She takes care of all the
factors which influence the health of
the child such as:-
1. Biological aspects of the child,
2. School and family environment,
3. Health knowledge and health attitude
of the child and families;
38

39. 4. Living activities,
5. Personal habits,
6. Health behavior followed by the child
and his/ her family members;
7. Family and individual health history;
8. Family and community resources and
their utilization etc.
39

40. SCHOOL HEALTH
ADMINISTRATION
1. School Health Committees
2. Primary health centers
40

41. SCHOOL HEALTH POLICY
1. Health center staff is responsible for
implementation of school health
programme.
2. The school health programme is carried
out in schools by the health center staff
working together with schools
administrators/ teachers, local
government, parents and community
including both agencies and students.
3. Priority should be given to school health
programme at primary school levels. 41

42. ASPECTS OF SCHOOL
HEALTH SERVICE
1. Health appraisal of school children
and school personnel
2. Remedial measures and follow-up
3. Prevention of communicable diseases
4. Healthful school environment
5. Nutritional services
6. First aid and emergency care
7. Mental health
42

43. 8. Dental health
9. Eye health
10.Health education
11.Education of handicapped children
12.Proper maintenance and use of school
health records.
43

44. ROLE OF NURSE IN SCHOOL
HEALTH SERVICES:
1) HEALTH
APPRAISAL
44

45. 2) Remedial measures and follow-up
3) Prevention of communicable
diseases
45

46. 4. Healthful school environment
46

47. 5. Nutritional services
47

48. 6. First-aid and emergency care
48

49. 7. Mental health
49

50. 8. Dental health
50

51. 9. Eye health services
51

52. 10. Health education
52

53. 11. Education of handicapped
children
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54. 12) School Health Records
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55. 55