The purpose of choosing this topic is to aware you about sentinel satellites that leads to new discoveries and ultimately changes the arena of Remote Sensing.
4. Overview
• Each mission has constellation of satellites to
meet revisit and coverage requirements.
• These missions contains multi-spectral imaging
for land, oceans and atmospheric observation.
• The missions along their respective satellites are
following:
ESA develops a new family of missions called Sentinels under Copernicus Program.
5. SENTINEL-1
SENTINEL 1 A
Launch date = 3rd April 2014
Launcher = Soyuz rocket
Launch site = Kourou, ELS
SENTINEL 1 B
Launch date = 25th April 2016
Launcher = Soyuz rocket
SENTINEL 1 C
Expected to launch in 2021 SENTINEL 1 D
Expected to launch in 202x
6. Mission Configuration
Funded by European Union and carried out by ESA under Copernicus
Program.
Orbit Near polar Sun-synchronous orbit at 693km altitude.
Number of Satellites Comprised of two Polar orbiting satellites.
Orientation In same orbit (180 degrees)
Payload (Sensor) Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) consisting of C-band (5,405GHz)
imaging.
General Purpose For Earth observation, all day and night radar imagery even in
unfavorable weather conditions.
Revisit time 12 days repeat cycle ( 6 days for each satellite)
Operational life-span 7 years.
7. RADAR Modes
Strip map mode:
Covers one ground swath of 80 km’s
5x5m spatial resolution
Interferometric wide swath mode:
Three sub swaths and covers 250 km’s entirely.
5x20 m spatial resolution
Wave mode:
One ground swath every100km’s interval.
5x20 m spatial resolution.
Extra wide swath mode:
Five sub swaths and covers 410 km’s entirely.
20x40m spatial resolution
8. Deep Water Horizon Oil Spill in the
Gulf of Mexico
• Monitoring of marine environment i.e. oil spills, sea
ice zones etc.
Land cover Mapping with sentinel 1
• Mapping of land cover.
Ships for international fleet review assembling
between isle of Wight and Portsmouth
• Surveillance of maritime transport zone.
• Monitoring of land surface motion risks.
Rice Cropping in Red River Delta
by sentinel 1
• Monitoring of rice crops.
Applications
9. How to download sentinel 1 data
https://scihub.copernicus.eu/dhus/#/home
Khyber Pakhtun Nakhwah
near Tarbela dam
(Interferometric wide swath
mode acquired image)
10. SENTINEL 2
SENTINEL 2 A
Launcher = Vega rocket
Launch date = 23 June 2015
SENTINEL 2 B
Launcher = Rokot vehicle
Launch date = 7 March 2017
11. Mission Configuration
Funded by ESA and USGS
Orbit Sun synchronous, and at 786km mean altitude.
Number of Satellites Comprised of two polar orbiting satellites, apart from 180 degrees from
each other
Payload (Sensor) MSI (Multi-spectral Imaging) Instrument consisting of high resolution
optical imagery.
Spatial Resolution 10m, 20 m and 60m
Swath Width 290 km
Spectral Bands 13 bands ( VIS, NIR and SWIR)
Revisit time 10 days with one satellite
Coverage Systematic coverage of land and coastal areas between 84 N and 56 S
Operational life-span 7.25 years
14. Applications
Peterman GlacierSalt evaporation ponds
Namibia
Wildfires across Southern Europe
shows blaze billowing smoke.
Agricultural monitoring in Spain
• Land use and Land use change detection.
• Glacier monitoring, ice extent mapping, snow cover monitoring.
• Monitoring of inland and coastal waters.
• Risk analysis, carefully monitoring and mapping of crisis
situations.
• Agriculture applications such as crop monitoring through NDVI.
16. 1
SENTINEL -3
SENTINEL 3 A
• Launch date = 16 February 2016
• Launcher = Rockot, from Plesetek, Russia
SENTINEL 3 B
• Launch date = 2017
17. Mission Configuration
Funded by ESA Member States and the European Union
Orbit Polar, Sun-synchronous at altitude of 815 km
NUMBER OF SATELLITES Two polar orbiting satellites, apart from 180 degrees from each other
SATELLITE 2.2 m long, 2.2 m wide, 3.7 m high and a mass of 1150 kg (including
130 kg fuel)
PAYLOAD (SENSOR) Ocean and Land Color Instrument (OLCI), Sea and Land Surface
Temperature Radiometer (SLSTR) covering , Synthetic Aperture Radar
Altimeter (SRAL) , Microwave Radiometer (MWR) dual
GENERAL PURPOSE Sea-level change & sea-surface temperature mapping, water quality
management, sea-ice extent and thickness mapping and numerical
ocean prediction; land-cover mapping, vegetation health monitoring;
glacier monitoring; water resource monitoring; wildfire detection;
numerical weather prediction.
REVISIT TIME SLSTR ~1 day, OLCI ~2 days, SRAL has a 52 km ground track
separation
after 27 days – all cases using two- satellite constellation at the equator.
OPERATIONAL LIFE SPAN Planned for seven years (carries consumables for 12 years)
20. Topography Packages
Synthetic Aperture Radar
Altimeter(SRAL)
• SRAL transmits pulses
alternatively at Ku-band
(13.575 GHz,
bandwidth=350 MHz).
Microwave Radiometer (MWR)
MWR is a dual-frequency radiometer operating
at 23.8 and 36.5 K/ Ka-Band with each channel
covering a 200 MHz bandwidth.
• Main frequency for
altimeter range
measurements
complemented by a C-
band frequency (5.41
GHz, bandwidth=320
MHz).
21. Applications
Maritime Monitoring
Land Monitoring
Atmospheric Monitoring
21
Figure : GlobColor Chlorophyll Monthly
Product (image courtesy of ACRI-ST)
Figure: At 300 m resolution, GLOBCOVER Land Cover v2
provides a revealing portrait of global land use. To build this
map, a colour representing one of 22 different land
classifications is associated with each pixel. The associated
land classification is defined according to the predominant
type of vegetation found at that location (image courtesy of
ESA GLOBCOVER project).
Figure: Total Column of Water Vapour (annual product
2003) (image courtesy of ACRI-ST)
22. How to download Sentinel 3 data
Karachi with central Makran MountainsDownload any image from above mentioned categories
http://apps.sentinel-hub.com/eo-browser/#lat=26.941659545381516&lng=75.73974609375&zoom=6
23. SENTINEL 4
MTG-I, AN IMAGER SATELLITE
• SENSOR:
• Eumetsat's Flexible Combined Imager
(FCI)
MTG-S, A SOUNDER
SATELLITE:
• SENSORS:
• Ultraviolet Visible Near-infrared spectrometer
• Eutelsat's thermal Infra Red Sounder (IRS)
Launched around:2019
24. Funded by European Union and carried out by ESA Copernicus Program.
Orbit Geostationary at 36,000 km altitude.
Number of Satellites 2
Bands 3 Bands:
• Ultraviolet (305-400 nm)
• Visible (400-500 nm)
• Near-infrared (750-775 nm)
Data Products O3, NO2, SO2, HCHO and aerosol optical depth.
Payload (Sensor) Two payload instruments
• Ultra-Violet and Near Infra-Red Multispectral Spectrometer
(S4 UVN)
• Infra Red Sounder (S4 IRS)
Spectral Resolution • 0.5 nm in the ultraviolet and visible bands
• 0.12 nm in near-infrared.
Revisit Time Over Europe and North Africa(Sahara) is 60 minutes
Operational Life-Span 8.5 years
Mission Configuration
25. • Solar Radiation measurements
• Climate monitoring
Hourly measurement of pollution
in air
Stratospheric ozone measurement
Applications
• Air Quality measurements
• Stratospheric Ozone monitoring
26. SENTINEL 5 AND 5P
MetOp-SG-A
~2021
~817 km
~3000 kg
~7 years
MetOp-SG-B
~2022
~817 km
~2400 kg
~7 years
27. Mission Configuration
Founded by European Earth Observation Programme
"Copernicus"
Orbit Orbit Type: LEO, polar, Sun- Synchronous.
Number of Satellites Two satellites (Till now only one launch)
Inclination 98.47 DEGREE.
Payload Ultraviolet Visible Near-infrared Shortwave (UVNS)
spectrometer.
Purpose The Sentinel-5 mission focuses on monitoring of trace gas
concentrations and aerosols in the atmosphere.
Revisit time 16 days
Operational life time 7 years
Data products The main data products will be O3, NO2, SO2, HCHO, CO, CH4
and aerosol.
Contractor Airbus Defence & Space (Ottobrunn) is the prime contractor of
the Sentinel-5/UVNS instrument.
28. Applications:
• Solar Radiation measurements
• Climate monitoring
• Sentinel-5P delivers information on aerosols and
harmful gases such as nitrogen dioxide, sulphur
dioxide and carbon monoxide.
• Air Quality measurements
• Stratospheric Ozone monitoring
30. Mission Configuration
Funded by Multi agency partnership comprising ESA, EU,
EUMETSAT, NASA-JPL, NOAA and CNES
Payload RADAR Altimeter
Satellites Sentinel 6 A (JASCON-CS)
Expected launch date In November 2020
Launcher Space X Falcon 9
Revisit time 10 days
Objective To provide high-precision and timely observations of the
topography of the global ocean.
Applications • To monitor changes in sea level, a key indicator in climate
change.
• In operational oceanography.
• Wind Speed
• Wave height in for maritime safety.
• Monitoring coastal zones.
32. Mission Bands Resolutions Key Instruments Applications
Sentinel-1 Band C • Strip map mode 80km and one swath 5x5
m spatial resolution.
• Interferometric wide swath mode 240km
and 5x20 m spatial resolution.
• Extra wide swath mode 410km and 20x40
m spatial resolution.
• Wave mode every 100km interval and
having 5x20m resolution.
SAR Monitoring of land cover
Sentinel-2 13 spectral bands 10,20 and 60 m spatial resolution MSI ( Multi-Spectral
Instrument)
Supporting land
monitoring services.
Sentinel-3 OLC 21 bands
SLSTR 9 bands
• OLCI 300 m spatial resolution.
• SLSTR 500m for solar reflectance and 1
km for thermal infra red band.
OLCI, SLSTR Global land and ocean
monitoring services.
Sentinel-4 Ultraviolet,visible,
near-infrared
• Spectral resolution is 0.5 nm in the
ultraviolet and visible band.
• 0.12 nm in near-infrared.
UVN Atmospheric composition
and air quality
measurements.
Sentinel-5
and 5p
7 bands
UV1
UV2-VIS
NIR1, NIR2-a, NIR2
SWIR1 & SWIR3.
Spectral Resolution
e.g
UV1 1 nm
UV2-VIS1 0.5 nm (1 nm, λ<310 nm)
UVNs Supporting global
atmospheric composition
and air quality monitoring
services.
Summary
34. SNAP (Sentinel Application Platform)
Country Mosaic of Hungry
• Sentinel 1 Toolbox
Supports SAR Applications
Sentinel 2 NDVI image over
Mid Pyrenees
• Sentinel 2 Toolbox
Supports high resolution optical applications.
Process of spring Greening in
Northern Hemisphere
• Sentinel 3 Toolbox
Medium resolution optical applications.
