It's all about the Animal(Snake,Scorpion,Spider)Plant(Mushroom).In our basic need we will face this type of animal and plant that's why the general people should knows about it.

1. Presentation On
Animal and Plant Poisoning
Presented by: Shahed Ahmed Shadin

2. Poison and Poisoning
Poison: Any
substance that is
harmful to the body.
It can be acquired,
ingested, inhaled,
injected or absorbed
through the skin.
Poisoning: It is a
condition or a
process in which an
organism becomes
chemically harmed
by a toxic
substance.

3. Poison can have an
extensive array of
affects such as:
Slight pain and
discomfort
Skin irritation
Anaphylaxis
Cardiac arrest
Death

4. Classification of Poisoning
Intentional
poisoning
Unintentional
poisoning
“Undetermined

5. How poisonous may occur?
1.Drug
overdose
2.Poison Ivy
3.Cleaning
Products
4.Venomous
Bites

6. Symptoms of Poisoning
Increased
or lowered
heart rate
Change of
color around
mouth
Cramps
Nausea
Vomiting
Diarrhoea

7. Animal Poisoning
Snake Bite

8. Type of Snake Bites
According
to shape:
Non
poisonous: U
shaped as
any animal.
Poisonous:
Either:
1.Complete
2.Incomplete
Complete:
2punctures
due to fangs
Incomplete:
2parallel
scratches

9. According to
time of
poisonous
Biting:
Generally bite is
more
dangerous at
night and
during summer.
Defensive bite:
at day time
Business bite:
at night

10. Snake Venom
Snake Venom
Mixture of specific toxins (peptides and small
protein as hemotoxin, neurotoxin) and spreading
factors (enzymes as hyalourindase,
phospholipase A).

11. Neurotoxin
Venom: Dominant in
cobra venom
Act mainly on
neuromuscular
junction>weakness,
dangerous when
affect respiratory
muscles >
respiratory failure

12. Hemotoxic venom:
Dominant in viper snake venom.
Can cause: Hemolysis, cerebral hemorrhage,
hypotension , tissue necrosis.

13. Clinical Manifestations
The manifestations & severity of the case are depended on
-Amount of venom injected
-Species of snake & nature of venom
-Site of bite
-Time of bite
-Condition of fangs
Death may occur immediately due
to neurogenic shock.

14. Neurotoxic Venom:
Start 15-45 minutes after biting.
Local: fang mark (2 punctures), pain, redness,
hotness, swelling & may wet gangrene (generally
less prominent than with hemotoxic venom).
Systemic: 1st sign is ptosis & numbness in lips & tongue –
giddiness– salivation & vomiting– dysarthria – dysphagia –
bradypnea– coma & death due to respiratory failure .

15. Hemotoxic Venom:
-Local : prominent and include: fang marks, severe pain, redness,
ecchymosis, hotness, edema and swelling of affected limb & dry gangrene.
-Systemic : nausea, vomiting .
– hypotension.
–bleeding from mucous membranes.
– acute renal failure due to hemoglobinuria .
– coma and death due to circulatory collapse.

16. Management
First aid:
-Reassurance of patient is important.
-. First step is to examine the site of bite and decide if the
bite is poisonous or not to avoid unnecessary use of
polyantivenom
-Don’t use ice to avoid gangrene
or give aspirin to avoid bleeding.

17. Specific Treatment:
Antivenoms can be classified into monovalent and
polyvalent.
We use polyantivenom.

18. • Dose : depends on
severity of bite
• Not age or body size
so, a pediatric dose
equal an adult dose.
• Mild give 3-5 vials
• Moderate give 5-10
vials
- severe cases
give 10 vials &
maintain with
more vials
according to
situation.

19. Scorpion

20. SCORPION
Scorpion belong to Arthropods, and all of them are poisonous & their
venoms are more potent than that of snakes & numerically more than
snakes, so they represent more public health problem especially in
southern areas.
Generally, more dangerous & causing more morbidity & mortality in
children.

21. Scorpion Venom
-Generally
more toxic
-Consists of
amino acids,
peptides &
small proteins
& enzymes

22. Toxic Mechanism of Scorpion Venom
Neurotoxin
Thus, this will
lead to marked
CV effects

23. • Clinical effects
-neuromuscular,
or local tissue
effects

24. Clinical Manifestations
Severe
intense
pain
Edema &
ecchymosis
Numbness
Hypertensi
on
Pulmonary
edema
Respiratory
arrest

25. Management of Scorpion Sting
First aid: Use local
anaesthesia.
Specific treatment: use
polyantivenom as in snake.

26. Symptomatic
treatment:
use
Haloperid
ol to
control
agitation
use
diazepam in
convulsions
use diuretics
in
pulmonary
edema

27. Scorpions cannot usually deliver
enough venom to kill a healthy adult.
However, scorpions inject relatively
small amounts of venom (compared
to snakes)

28. Black widow Spider
-The spider can be
identified by a red
to orange hour-
glass on the thorax

29. Only a small amount of venom can cause
serious illness, as the poison attacks the
nervous system.
Systemic envenomisation usually results in
headache, nausea, vomiting, abdominal
pain, pyrexia and hypertension.

30. Clinical Manifestations
-Local: bite usually painless & local reaction
is very rare in the form of pain, redness,
edema & itching .
-Systemic: develop 1-3 hours ranging from mild
affection to serious troubles & abdominal
pain, tremors & muscle weakness
,hypertension, nausea, vomiting & salivation.

31. Management of Spider Bite
First line of treatment is to give IV calcium
gluconate which control pain and abdominal
cramps & considered as antidote.
Other lines of therapeutic intervention
include Latrodectus antivenin, diazepam,
methocarbamol & opioid analgesics

32. • Mushroom
-The Kingdom of “ Fungi”
-Cyclopeptide, Mono methyl hydrazine, Coprine

33. USES OF MUSHROOMS
• Production of
foodstuffs like
wine and
cheese.
• Mushrooms
has immune
system
enhancement
properties.
• Used for
dyeing wool and
other natural
fibers. • Used as
a antioxidant.

34. Sign and Symptoms For Mushroom
Poisoning
Early symptom
category - 6 hours .
- Allergic, and
neurologic
syndrome.
Late symptom
category – 6 and 24
hours- Hepatotoxic,
nephrotoxic.
Delayed symptom
category – After 24
hours- Jaundice,
hypoglycemia,
death.

35. Complications
• Kidney damage, Kidney failure & Death
• Don't believe that boiling, salting, or
drying mushrooms will purified ones
• Don't use alcohol. Some edible mushrooms
can cause an abnormal reaction when taken
with alcohol.

36. Drugs
• Drugs Include
• Anticonvulsants - Lorazepam
• Antiemetic Agents - Metoclopramide
Anticholinergic Agents - Atropine

37. Antidote
• BENZYL PENICLLIN
• DOSE : 300000 – 1,000,000
units/day is effective.