3. DISTRIBUTION
• Still / Stagnant water
– Volvox
– Spirogyra
– Chlamydomonas
• Fresh flowing water
– Oedogonium
– Cladophora
4. DISTRIBUTION
• Marine Water Species
– Caulerpa
– Bryopsis
• Terrestrial Species
– Trentepholia
– Pleurococcus
5. CELL STRUCTURE
• Eukaryotic
• Extremely Variable Shapes
• Cell wall composed of two layers
• Inner layer made up of Cellulose
• Outer layer made up of Pectic substances
• Protoplast surrounded by cell membrane
• Protoplast vacuolated
• Cell may be Uni-nucleated or Multi-nucleated
6. Chloroplast in Chlorophyta
• The most prominent feature of the cell
• Variety of shapes
• Number of Chloroplasts is also variable
13. The Pigments
• Chlorophyll a
• Chlorophyll b
• Carotenes
• Lutein
• Lycopene
• Zeaxanthin
• Violaxantin
• Neoxanthin
• Siphoxanthin
14. Reserve Food
• Chloroplasts are associated with Pyrenoids
• Pyrenoids – Bodies for reserve food material
• Central core – Proteinacious
• Surrounded by starch plates
15. Range of thallus
• Unicellular and Motile
• Unicellular and Motile but colonial
• Unicellular non motile coccoid
• Filamentous unbranched
• Filamentous branched
• Parenchymatous thalloid
• Heterotrichous form
• Siphonaceous form
25. Economic Importance of Algae
• Algae As Food
– Rich source of Proteins, Fats and Vitamins
– Algae like Laminaria, Gracilaria used as food in
China
– Porphyra used as supplimentary diet by Japnese
30. Economic Importance of Algae
• Algae As Food – Some Important Products
– Agar-agar – Gelidium, Gracilaria & Hypnea
– Glycerol
– Sorbitol
– Dulcitol
– Floridian Starch
– Spirulina – Protein Rich nutritional Supplement
31.
32. Economic Importance of Algae
• Algae As Biofertilizers
– Algae which fix Atmospheric Nitrogen
• Anabaena
• Nostoc
• Tolypothrix
– Algae form symbiotic relation with other plants
• Anabaena and Azolla (Pteridophyte)(an aquatic plant)
– used in Rice fields
34. Economic Importance of Algae
• Algae As Biofertilizers
– Used directly as Fertilizers as they are rich in
Potassium but poor in Nitrogen
– Some times sea weeds are burnt and ashes are
spread in the fields
35. REPRODUCTION IN ALGAE
• Vegetative reproduction
• Asexual Reproduction
• Sexual Reproduction
36. REPRODUCTION IN ALGAE
Alternation of Generation
Alga
(n)
Male Gametangia
(n)
Gamets
(n)
Zygote
(2n)
Zygospore
(2n)
Female Gametangia
(n)
(n)(n) (n) (n)
Gamets
(n)
Mature Spores
(n) Sexual
Reproduction
Asexual
Reproduction
Spores
(n)
Germination of Spores
(n)