to know the safety of forklift

2. Load Handling
Attachments

3. Attachments
• What are Attachments
– Device fitted to Lift Truck to enable
safe handling of loads.

4. Attachments
• Lift Truck Capacity
– Fitting an attachment affects the
lift truck capacity.
– The load capacity with the
attachment fitted must be shown
on a name plate attached to the lift
truck indicating the maximum load
that can be handled with the
attachment fitted.

5. Attachments
• Any Attachment used on a Lift
Truck must be identified with;
• Manufacturer/Make/Model
• Capacity at load centre
• Horizontal centre of gravity
• Lost Load
• Mass

6. Attachments
• Forks, must engage minimum 75% of load
• Varies lengths, widths, styles, tips available
10% wear
= 20% loss of
strength

7. Attachments
• Side Shifts
• Enables side movement of load for positioning.

8. Attachments
• Fork Positioners
• Enables positioning of forks from operators seat.

9. Attachments
• Fork Clamps, Bale Clamps
• Enables safe handling of loads where clamping is
required. Rotating and Non Rotating.

10. Attachments
• Carton Clamps
• Palletless Handling of suitable product

11. Attachments
• Paper Roll Clamps
• Safe handling of Paper Rolls in both vertical
and bilge position

12. Attachments
• Multi Pallet Handlers
• Moves multiple pallet at one time

13. Attachments
• Rotator
• Lift and rotate loads

14. Attachments
• Turna forks
• Operates as clamp or forks

15. Attachments
• Layer Picker
• Used to remove selected layers from stack.

16. Attachments
• Push Pulls
• Used to handle palletless products
• Commonly used to load/unload containers
Quick fork Mount
Dedicated

17. Attachments
• Slip-on attachments
• Jibs, Probes, Fork Extensions

18. Attachments
• Benefits of Attachments
– Reduced risk of injury to operators
– Safety
– Minimise manual handling
– Damage Reduction
– Increase productivity

19. Attachments
• Specialised Attachments

20. Attachments

21. Attachments

22. Attachments

23. Attachments

24. Attachments

25. Attachments
• Not an Attachment

26. Thank you

28. Forklift Tyres

29. 29
PART 1: General knowledge
• Types of Industrial Tyres & Wheels
• Tyre Properties
• Different Variations
• Composition

30. 30
Industrial Tyre Training
A simple way to determine the tyre type:
• Pneumatic - air filled
• Resilient – solid/layered rubber core
• SolidAir® - resilient tyre with sidewall holes
• Press-on cushion – solid with steel band base
• Polyurethane - cured polymers
Each type is designed to provide advantages in different uses.
There are many types of forklift tyres. Forklifts intended for different
uses have specialized kinds of tyres. The most common types of
forklift tyres are Pneumatic, Resilient (solids), and Polyurethane.

31. 31
They are commonly used to help the forklift deal with rough
terrain easily, such as a rough terrain forklift. They are made
from strong, thick rubber and have a deep tread.
3 most common tyre types
1: Pneumatic
One of the first types of forklift tyres is the
pneumatic kind. Pneumatic tyres are tough
and durable and look just like the tyres that are
used on most heavy-duty trucks.

32. 32
They are known as resilient tyres, as they are resilient
against general damage; never puncture or become deflated
like pneumatic tyres.
Resilient tyres have evolved greatly since their humble “solid”
beginning to provide excellent grip, traction, and top ride
quality, assuring higher durability and cost efficiency.
2: Resilient
Although resilient tyres look similar to pneumatic
tyres they are made up of internal layers of solid
rubber.
3 most common tyre types

33. 33
Forklift tyres made of polyurethane are the best type to use on
electric forklifts. Various compounds have been created to
endure different surfaces including cool stores. Suitable for
indoor use and even hard floors.
3: Polyurethane
The evolution of the new forklifts created the need
for polyurethane tyre and wheel assemblies.
The strength and hardness of the polyurethane
helps to carry heavy loads, work in extreme
temperature environments and provide stability for
high lift requirements.
3 most common tyre types

34. 34
Tyre properties
PNEUMATIC TYRES
Form and function rely on correct inflation pressure
• Bias Ply nylon or Radial steel layers
Options
• Budget
• Mid range
• Premium
Types
• Black (standard)
• Non marking

35. 35
Construction differences of BIAS ply & RADIAL ply
Common bias ply construction Common radial tyre construction
Tyre properties

36. 36
RESILIENT TYRES
• Form and function rely on design, manufacturing quality and
material used for construction.
Options
• Budget - usually 2 compound
• Mid range - usually 3 compound
• Premium - 3 compound premium rubber
Types
• Black – standard
• Non marking
Tyre properties

37. 37
Resilient Tyres – Asian Concept
 “2” stage design
 Friction based heal
 Hard tread compound
 Standard bead wires
Tyre properties
 Resilient Tyres – American Concept
 “2” stage design
 Friction based heal
 Hard tread compound

38. 38
Resilient Tyres – European Concept
 “3” stage design
 Steel cord for optimum base support
 Hardened natural rubber base
 Shock absorbing middle layer
 Wear resistant tread
Tyre properties

39. 39
Tyre Properties
Quick Base resilient tyres
 Quick base tyres are designed to
provide a quicker fitment.
 Quick’s minimise the requirement
for multiple wheel components
 Less components = lower
maintenance and repair costs
 Premium quick style tyres offer
best tyre-to-wheel cohesion
 These are also known as Loc –
Click - Limpet

40. 40
PRESS-ON CUSHION TYRES
Form and function rely upon material, bonding and fit
 Quality manufacturing processes
 Long lasting tread
 Profile
Construction
 Anti-abrasion and high anti-cut characteristics
 High modulus of compression elasticity
 Precision engineered steel band
Tyre properties

41. 41
Types
 Black – standard
 Non marking
Press-on Cushion Tyres Tread Design Options
 Lug
 Half tread (HT)
 Smooth or Slick tread (SM)
Tyre properties

42. 42
POLYURETHANE TYRES
Polyurethane tyres rely upon Quality materials + Quality
process control systems
• Compounding for specialised applications
• Extreme conditions use a “harder” material
• Benefits include higher rigidity, reduced internal
heating & less flattening
Tyre properties

43. 43
POLYURETHANE LOAD WHEELS
• Different compounds for various surfaces
• Specialty harnesses for extreme temperatures
(cold or hot)
• Many different wheel types
Tyre properties

44. 44
Specialised Polyurethane products are designed for:
 Cold stores
 Materials handling
 Stage technology
 Heavy duty applications
 Drum drives
 High temperature areas
 Explosion-proof areas
 Hygienic areas
Tyre properties

45. 45
Part 2: Tyres in Service
• Case studies
• Understanding sizes
• What tyres suite your application
• What causes effect tyre life
• About non marking tyres
• Assessing tyre wear patches
• Safety aspects
• Review questions

46. 46
Smooth Tyre performance vs. Treaded
There are a number of factors which influence tyre performance
and behavior in wet conditions including geometry of rubber,
temperature, velocity and floor conditions. In general:
 On wet floors tread patterns become important, especially on
high speeds (over 100km/ph due to the water evacuation and
aquaplaning).
 On dirty floors (mud, loose surfaces) a tread pattern
becomes essential in evacuating the loose materials.
 Low speed applications on normal harden pavements the
grip does not rely on the tread pattern, due to high contact
pressure (± 0.8-1.0Mpa).

47. 47
Conclusions
Smooth tyres have better grip than treaded tyres on
dry, clean floors, due to the fact they have a larger
contact area.
Maximized tyre life is achieved with the SMOOTH tread
due to the elimination of lug-to-void-area and damage
characteristics such as lug tear, uneven wear (heal and
toe) and leading edge contact damage.
On low speed applications and wet floors, studies have
shown that up to 15km/h a smooth tyre even has
better grip than a treaded tyre, as all the water is
squeezed out of the interface tyre/road, again due to the
high contact pressures.

48. 48
When not to use smooth tyres....
Mud and water

49. 49
When you can use smooth tyres...
Cement surface and water

50. 50
Non Marking Tyres
Low profile Resilient tyres, Cushion tyres
and Poly tyres in non marking compounds
are gaining popularity - especially due to
new factories and higher warehouse racking
systems being introduced.
This trend is also being driven by the desire
of many “Clean Industries”. In sensitive
conditions and environments such as
medical, food and paper it is an important
clean floor.

51. 51
Non Marking Tyre
Different non marking tread types for different applications.
Resilient Pneumatic Lug - pneumatic

52. 52
Recommendations for Non Marking
When installing Non Marking tyres on any
forklift the following points should be observed..
“Earth Strap”
* The absence of the (conductive) carbon black
in non marking tyres acts as a non conductive
to static electricity. This is particularly important
in areas with volatile substances.

53. 53
Non Marking tyres should be only
utilised “In-doors”
Dirt adheres to the Non Marking tyres
and is then deposited back on the
inside clean floor.
Recommendations for Non Marking
For press-on cushion tyre machines that require Non
Marking tyres we recommend that a 1’’ wider tyre than
standard be utilised.
WHY ?

54. 54
What is a Skid Mark ???
 Act of skidding or slipping
 To slide instead of revolving with drive
 Of a wheel – vehicle etc to slide or slip sideways because of loss
of traction
Skid mark after emergency
braking on brushed concrete
Keep the area clean – better
house keeping

55. 55
Skid marks
Brushed External Concrete Rough Concrete

56. 56
What is a Burn Mark ???
 To destroy or wear out by heat or friction
 To destroy or scorch or mark the surface
Caused by Non Marking tyres and
Polyurethane load wheels

57. 57
4 Forks working in this area
New factory 2 to 3 weeks old
Burn out 18 feet

58. 58
1 forklift working in this area
Floor finish has melted
These types of “marking” are not a sign of
increased productivity - rather an increase in
maintenance, repair and replacement costs.

59. 59
What is the 60J Line ??
 The 60 J Line is what we consider to be the wear out point of a
resilient tyre.
 Wearing the tyre past this point will reduce the load carrying capacity.
 There will also be rapid wear due to the fact you are now into the
middle layer compound (softer rubber).

60. 60
 The 60 J Line or Safety Line
should be clearly marked as
per these examples:
SAFETY LINE
Smooth resilient tyre with 60J marker 60J marker and Rim Guard stamping – not to
be confused.
What is the 60J Line ??

61. 61
Wear Point of a Cushion Tyre
The easiest way to distinguish the wear point of a
press-on cushion tyre is the Top of Lettering

62. 62
Wear Point of a Pneumatic Tyre
 Wear point of a pneumatic (air filled ) tyre can vary depending on
tread pattern and different brands.
 As soon as you see canvas you must replace tyre straight away.
CANVAS

63. 63
Metal Grates and Ramps Dirty Floors, Rough or
Course surface
Common causes of tyre damage

64. 64
Common causes of tyre damage
Steel ramp with broken mesh

65. 65
Erratic driving
Uneven surfaces
Common causes of tyre damage

66. 66
Causes of rapid wear
This is caused by consistent turning in one direction

67. 67
Causes of rapid wear
Some drivers use the forklift as a bulldozer;
not as it should be used to lift and move
items.
Using the forklift in an improper manner will
cause the wheels to spin.
The result is rapid tyre wear resulting in
large deposits of tread rubber on the
ground

68. 68
Cause of rapid wear
Long runs – skid marks – rubbish

69. Thank you

70. John Makris

71. Harmonisation
• One piece of WHS legislation including
regulations for all of Australia
• Commenced in NSW, QLD, NT, ACT and
Commonwealth on 1 January 2012
• TAS & SA expected to come on board by 1
January 2013.
• WA and VIC have not confirmed
commencement date.

72. The Law
For those states which started
1 January 2012
Work Health and Safety Act
Work Health and Safety
Regulation
Codes of Practice
Guidance Materials

73. Fundamentals of safety
Safe
System
of Work
Training
Instruction
Informatio
n
Supervisio
n
Risk
Managemen
t
Monitor
Review
Audit
Consultati
on

74. WHS responsibilities
Duties owed by:
• PCBUs
• Employers
• Self-employed
• Contractors
• Controllers
• Officers
• Workers
• Designers
• Manufacturers
• Suppliers
• Installers
• Constructors
Duties owed to:
• Employees
• Contractors
• Sub-contractors
• Self-employed
• Customers
• Self
• Visitors
• Public generally

75. Reasonably practicable
That which is or was reasonably able to be done
weighing up factors including:
1. likelihood of hazard/risk occurring
2. degree of harm from hazard/risk
3. what a person knows or ought to know of
hazard/risk
4. availability and suitability of way to eliminate or
minimise the risk
5. after assessing the risk and controls, the costs of
eliminating or minimising the risk

76. Plant
• If you manage or control plant, you have to
make sure that it is without risks to health
and safety
• If you import plant, you have to make sure it
is without risks to health and safety
– Use, store, assembly, persons nearby
and exposed to the plant, test and
provide adequate information

77. Plant cont.
• If you supply plant, you have to make sure
it is without risks to health and safety
– Use, store, assembly, persons nearby
and exposed to the plant, test and
provide adequate information
• If you maintain plant, inspect or test plant,
this must be done
– In accordance with the manufacturers
recommendations, or if none,
recommendations by a competent
person

78. Plant cont.
• If you design or manufacture plant, you
have to make sure it is without risks to
health and safety
– Use, store, assembly, persons
nearby and exposed to the plant, test
and provide adequate information

79. Penalties
Nature of Offences Maximum Penalty
– corporation
Maximum Penalty –
individual
Category 1 The most serious
offences – causing death,
or serious injury or high
risk of death or serious
injury involving
recklessness.
$3 million $600,000 and/or 5 years
imprisonment for
officers
$300,000 and/or 5 years
imprisonment for
workers or other persons
Category 2 Offences involving a high
risk of death or serious
injury without
recklessness
$1.5 million $300,000 for officers
$150,000 for workers or
other persons
Category 3 Less serious offences
placing persons at risk of
injury or illness
$500,000 $100,000 for officers
$50,000 for workers or
other persons

80. Things to think about
• Best practice WHS policies, systems,
procedures and training
• Consultation
• Risk management
• Robust processes and documentation
• Support and training for all workers
• Support and training for officers regarding
due diligence requirements
• Review/check/audit current processes

81. Questions
John Makris | Special Counsel
Middletons
T: +61 2 9513 2564
E: john.makris@middletons.com

82. Thank you

83. Panel Q & A.