1. 1
AMMONIA
Ammonia Safety created by Salim
Solanki

2. 2
AMMONIA APPLICATION
• AS A REFRIGERANT.
• FOR MFG. OF SYNTHETIC FIBRES,
FERTILIZERS,EXPLOSIVES, ETC.
• FOR EXTRACTION OF METALS SUCH AS
COPPER,NICKEL FROM THEIR ORES.
Ammonia Safety created by Salim
Solanki

3. 3
PROPERTIES OF AMMONIA
• AMMONIA HAS GOT A PUNGENT
SMELL & CAN BE SMELT AT AS
LOW A LEVEL AS 1 PART PER
MILLION.
• AMMONIA IS LIGHTER THAN AIR
& THEREFORE GETS DISPERSED
EASILY.
Ammonia Safety created by Salim
Solanki

4. 4
PROPERTIES OF AMMONIA
• AMMONIA IN LIQUID FORM IS COLOURLESS
BUT GIVES WHITE EXPANDING CLOUDS WHEN
VAPORISED IN ATMOSPHERE.
• AMMONIA READILY DISSOLVES IN WATER.
• UNDER NORMAL ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE &
TEMP., AMMONIA IS PRESENT IN GASEOUS
FORM.
Ammonia Safety created by Salim
Solanki

5. 5
• THIS THRESHOLD LIMIT VALUE (8HRS.
SAFE EXPOSURE WITHOUT ANY SIDE
EFFECTS) OF AMMONIA IS 25 PARTS PER
MILLION BY VOLUME.
• FIRE HAZARD IS EXTREMELY LOW THE
FLAMMABLE RANGE OF AMMONIA IS 16
TO 25 PERCENT BY VOLUME IN AIR.
PROPERTIES OF AMMONIA
Ammonia Safety created by Salim
Solanki

6. 6
HAZARDS OF AMMONIA
• THE IRRITATION OF UPPER RESPIRATORY
TRACT OCCURS AT CONCENTRATION OF
ABOVE 140-150 PARTS PER MILLION.
• THE EFFECTS OF 500 PARTS PER MILLION OF
AMMONIA CONCENTRATION IN AMBIENT AIR
HAS NOT BEEN CONSIDERED SERIOUS FOR ON E
HOUR EPOSURE.
Ammonia Safety created by Salim
Solanki

7. 7
AMMONIA HAZARDS
• Chemicals :
a) Forms explosive compound by reacting with halogens
hypochlorite's, mercury, etc.
b) Copper, zinc, cadmium are attacked by ammonia in the presence of
moisture.
• Fire :
Oxy-acetylene burning or welding on ammonia system can constitute
a serious explosion and strict precautions must be taken while
carrying out such jobs.
• Engineering Hazards :
a) Failure of gaskets joints, safety and controls.
b) Corrosion of external surfaces of pipes.
c) Non condensable gases – results high discharge pressure.
Ammonia Safety created by Salim
Solanki

8. 8
SUMMARY OF SYMPTOMS/EFFECTS ON HUMAN BODY
25 PPM Odor detectable by most
persons
Max. 8 Hrs.
100 PPM 1. Eye irritation.
2. Conjunctivitis.
3. Swelling of eye lids.
4. Lips dry.
5. Red mouth/Throat
burning.
Deliberate exposure
for long period not
permitted.
400-700
PPM
Immediate eye and
respiratory tract
irritation.
No serious effect up
to 1 hr.
Ammonia Safety created by Salim
Solanki

9. 9
SUMMARY OF SYMPTOMS/EFFECTS ON HUMAN BODY
1700 PPM Coughing severe
eye and
respiratory tract
protection
Could be fatal
after ½ an Hrs.
2000-
3000 PPM
Could be fatal
after 15 Min.
5000-
10000
PPM
Fatal within
minutes.
Ammonia Safety created by Salim
Solanki

10. 10
ACCIDENTAL RELEASE OF
AMMONIA - ACTIONS
• Pour sufficient water at leakage point.
• Wear respiratory protection.
• Isolate area of leak.
• Depressurize the pipe line.
• Rectify the leakage point.
Ammonia Safety created by Salim
Solanki

11. 11
ACCIDENTAL RELEASE OF
AMMONIA - ACTIONS
• Stand or Run opposite to direction of wind.
• Immediately inform your supervisor.
• Activate Emergency Alarm.
Ammonia Safety created by Salim
Solanki

12. 12
FIRST AID FOR AMMONIA EXPOSURE.
• Flush eyes with water. Keep eyelids open while
flushing.
• Eyes can be washed with 0.5-1% alum.
• Neutralize ammonia by mouthwash garble & with
a mixture of one part of vinegar with four parts of
warm water.
• Thoroughly wash the affected skin with running
water for at least 10 min.
Ammonia Safety created by Salim
Solanki

13. 13
• Drink plenty of water at regular intervals.
• Inhale warm water vapors
• In case of severe discomfort, consult a doctor.
• Antidote;
• Atropine injection 0.6 mg & repeat 2 hourly till
necessary.
FIRST AID FOR AMMONIA
EXPOSURE
Ammonia Safety created by Salim
Solanki

14. 14
PRECAUTIONS WHILE WORKING
ON AMMONIA LINES
• Isolate Area of Work.
• Use personal protective equipment.
• Keep water hose always ready.
• De-pressurize area of work.
• Confirm the removal of ammonia from the system by crack
opening the drain / vent valves.
• Keep drain / vent always open while working on ammonia lines.
• In case of minor leakage while working immediately pour water
on the leakage point.
• Keep emergency vehicle ready.
• Ensure NH3 safety trained personnel only to work.
Ammonia Safety created by Salim
Solanki

15. 15
AMMONIA – LEAK DETECTION
• Easily detectable by odor.
• By Hydrochloric acid / Sulphur sticks.
• Infra red Sensors.
– Continuous monitoring of air.
– Leakage levels settings.
– Alarm / Trip signals in case leakage is high.
• Continuous Sampling :
– Rosemount Analyzer.
– Display of actual concentration.
– Alarm / Trip signals in case leakage is high.
Ammonia Safety created by Salim
Solanki

16. 16
AMMONIA - STORAGE
• Storage Area :
- Should be cool, dry, well ventilated, must be
protected from external heat sources.
- Exhaust fan s must be provided on roofs.
- Water connection with flex. Hose is must.
- While selecting the storage area wind direction
must be considered, so as to leakage will be
carried away from the residential areas.
- Suitable detectors should be installed to detect the
leakage and activate alarms.
Ammonia Safety created by Salim
Solanki

17. 17
AMMONIA - STORAGE
• Storage in Tank / vessels :
- Tanks should be installed above ground.
- Being the compressed gas tanks comes under pressure
vessels act. Hence must be tested as per guidelines of MFR
Act.
- It is recommended to connect the tanks in parallel so that
in case of emergency ammonia from one tank can be
transferred to other tank.
- The area of storage tanks must have bunds of adequate
height, with water connection and drain point.
- Shut Off valves should be easily approachable .
- Each storage tank should be electrically grounded.
Ammonia Safety created by Salim
Solanki

18. 18
AMMONIA - STORAGE
• Storage in Tanks / vessels :
– At least 2 nos. safety valves must be provided for each tank.
Safety valve must be fitted with 3 way valve. These safety
valves must be checked at regular intervals.
– Local pressure indicator must be mounted on tanks.
– Each storage tank must be protected with one fire hydrant
point.
– It is necessary to insulate the tanks to reduce heat gain and
prevent frosting.
Ammonia Safety created by Salim
Solanki

19. 19
AMMONIA - STORAGE
• Storage in Cylinders :
– Cylinders must be kept away from the heat source.
– Cylinders must be pressure tested.
– Must be kept upright and secured tightly.
– Store cylinders away from oxidizing gases, chlorine, bromine etc.
– Protective covers for cylinders valves must in place.
– Correct tools must be used for opening and closing of the valves.
– While disconnecting the cylinder valves must be closed and bleed line
opened to release residual ammonia from hose. Connector should not
be opened till the frost on pipe melts.
Ammonia Safety created by Salim
Solanki

20. 20
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE
EQUIPMENT FOR AMMONIA
• Compressed Air Breathing Apparatus.
• Man with CABA.
• Safe Shower.
• Eye Wash.
• Ammonia Face Mask with canister.
• Mini canister.
• Jumbo canister.
Ammonia Safety created by Salim
Solanki