This document discusses a group project on intellectual property. The group includes 4 students: Muhammad Sajid, Hanzla Ahmad, Rizwan Haider, and Asadullah Saeed. Muhammad Sajid will focus on the World Intellectual Property Organization and what constitutes intellectual property. The document also covers the major types of intellectual property like copyrights and patents, as well as the nature, importance, and types of intellectual property rights. It concludes with an overview of ethics in information technology and business.
4. WIPO
WIPO ( World Intellectual Property Organization ) was
established by the WIPO Convention in 1967
The WIPO is a specialized agency of the United Nations.
It promote the protection of IP throughout the world.
Its headquarters are in Geneva, Switzerland
5. WHAT IS INTELLECTUAL
PROPERTY?
It is a term referring to a number of distinct types of the mind
for which property rights are recognized.
Intellectual Property is a property that arises from the human
intellect. It is a product of human creation.
Intellectual Property comprises 2 distinct forms:
* Literary & Artistic Works
* Industrial Property
7. LITERARY & ARTISTIC WORKS
They are books, paintings, musical compositions, plays,
movies, radio/tv programs, performances, & other artistic
works.
How are they Protected?
Protected by “COPYRIGHT”
8. INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY
Industrial Property describes physical matter that is the product
of an idea or concept for commercial purposes.
How are they Protected?
•By Patented objects
• By Trademarks
•By Industrial Designs
•By Trade Secrets By Layout-designs
•By Geographical Indications
9. INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS
Intellectual property rights are the rights given to persons over
the creations of their minds. They usually give the creator an
exclusive right over the use of his/her creation for a certain
period of time.
Common types of intellectual property rights include
Copyright
Trademarks
Patents
industrial design rights
Trade dress,
10. IMPORTANCE OF IPR
•Set your business apart from competitors
• Be sold or licensed, providing an important revenue stream
•Offer customers something new and different
• Form an essential part of your marketing or branding
•Be used as security for loans
•Protect your creation against infringement by others (i.e. to
stop others using, making, selling or importing it without your
permission)
13. INDUSTRIAL DESIGN
Shape, Aesthetic features, Configuration, Surface pattern of an
Article.
Typical views
Front View Back / Rear View
Left side / Oblique View
Right side / Oblique View
Top View
Bottom View
Isometric/ Perspective View
14.
15. TRADEMARK™
A trademark is a distinctive sign or indicator used by an
individual, business organization, or other legal entity to
identify that the products or services to consumers with which
the trademark appears originate from a unique source, and to
distinguish its products or services from those of other entities.
16. GEOGRAPHICAL INDICATION
A geographical indication (GI) is a name or sign used on certain
products which corresponds to a specific geographical location
or origin (e.g. a town, region, or country).
18. PATENTS
A right protecting an invention
The deal – a patent affords a territorial privilege or monopoly
for a limited period – in exchange for letting the world use
your invention after monopoly expires
Maximum duration of 20 years in most countries
19. TRADE SECRETS
Keeping information secret (e.g. process, recipe etc.)
e.g. Coca-Cola, KFC….
Hard to protect
Only really useful if you can’t patent the idea and
you are completely sure you can prevent disclosure
21. NATURE OF IP
Intellectual properties have their own peculiar features. These
features of intellectual properties may serve to identify
intellectual properties from other types of properties.
22. 1. TERRITORIAL
Any intellectual property issued should be resolved by national
laws. Why is it an issue? Because intellectual property rights
have one characteristic which other national rights do not have.
In ownership of intellectual property of immovable properties,
issues of cross borders are not probable. But in intellectual
properties, it is common. A film made in Hollywood can be seen
in other countries.
23. 2. GIVING AN EXCLUSIVE RIGHT TO
THE OWNER
It means others, who are not owners, are prohibited from using
the right. Most intellectual property rights cannot be
implemented in practice as soon as the owner got exclusive
rights. Most of them need to be tested by some public laws.
The creator or author of an intellectual property enjoys rights
inherent in his work to the exclusion of anybody else
24. 3. ASSIGNABLE
Since they are rights, they can obviously be assigned (licensed).
It is possible to put a dichotomy between intellectual property
rights and the material object in which the work is embodied.
Intellectual property can be bought, sold, or licensed or hired or
attached.
25. 4.SUBJECT TO PUBLIC POLICY
They are vulnerable to the deep embodiment of public policy.
Intellectual property attempts to preserve and find adequate
reconciliation between two competing interests. On the one
hand, the intellectual property rights holders require adequate
remuneration and on the other hand, consumers try to consume
works without much inconvenience. Is limitation unique for
intellectual property?
26. 5. DIVISIBLE (FRAGMENTATION)
Several persons may have legally protected interests evolved
from a single original work without affecting the interest of
other right holders on that same item. Because of the nature of
indivisibility, intellectual property is an inexhaustible resource.
This nature of intellectual property derives from intellectual
property’s territorial nature. For example, an inventor who
registered his invention in Ethiopia can use the patent himself
in Ethiopia and License it in Germany and assign it in France.
Also, copyright is made up of different rights. Those rights may
be divided into different persons: publishers, adaptors,
translators, etc.
28. ETHICS
Ethics, also called moral philosophy, the discipline concerned
with what is morally good and bad and morally right and wrong.
The term is also applied to any system or theory
of moral values or principles.
It deals with such questions at all levels. Its subject consists of
the fundamental issues of practical decision making and its
major concerns include the nature of ultimate value and the
standards by which human actions can be judged right or
wrong
29. THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN
MORALS, ETHICS, AND LAWS
Morals: One’s personal beliefs about right and wrong
Ethics: standards or codes of behavior expected of an individual
by a group
Law: system of rules that tells us what we can and cannot do
• Laws are enforced by a set of institutions
• Legal acts conform to the law
• Moral acts conform to what an individual believes is
30. ETHICS IN INFORMATION
TECHNOLOGY
Public concern about the ethical use of information technology
includes:
– E-mail and Internet access monitoring
– Downloading in violation of copyright laws
– Unsolicited e-mail (spam)
– Hackers and identify theft
– Students and plagiarism
– Cookies and spyware
31. ETHICS IN THE BUSINESS WORLD
Globalization of organizations has created a complex business
world.
Risk is the likelihood of a negative event times the impact of
the event
32. COMPUTER ETHICS
Computer ethics deals with the procedures, values and
practices that govern the process of consuming computing
technology and its related disciplines without damaging or
violating the moral values and beliefs of any individual,
organization or entity.
33. WHY BUSINESS ETHICS ARE
IMPORTANT
Protect the organization and its employees from legal action.
Create an organization that operates consistently.
Produce good business.
Avoid unfavorable publicity.
Gain the goodwill of the community
34. LEGAL OVERVIEW
Bribes involve providing money, property, favors, or anything else of
value to someone in business or government in order to obtain a
business advantage.
Gifts are made openly and publicly as a gesture of friendship or
goodwill with no expectation of a future favor for the donor.
35. CODE OF CONDUCT
A guide that highlights an organization’s key ethical issues and
identifies the overarching values and principles that are
important to the organization and that can help in decision
making.
The code of conduct helps ensure that employees:
Abide by the law.
Follow necessary regulations.
Behave in an ethical manner.
